Sierra Nevada de Lagunas Bravas

Sierra Nevada, also known as Sierra Nevada de Lagunas Bravas, is a major ignimbrite-lava dome complex[9] which lies in both Chile and Argentina in one of the most remote parts of the Central Andes.

Sierra Nevada de Lagunas Bravas
Highest point
Elevation6,137[lower-alpha 1] m (20,135 ft)
Prominence1,352 m (4,436 ft)[5]
Parent peakCerro El Condor
Coordinates26°29′26.88″S 068°33′32.76″W
Geography
Sierra Nevada de Lagunas Bravas is located in Argentina
Sierra Nevada de Lagunas Bravas
Sierra Nevada de Lagunas Bravas
Located on Argentina/Chile border
LocationArgentina / Chile
Parent rangeAndes
Geology
Age of rockHolocene
Mountain typeStratovolcano
Last eruptionUnknown
Climbing
First ascentHighest summit: 11/05/2014 - Henri Barret (France), Walter Sinay, Eduardo Namur, Claudio Recchia and Guillermo Almaraz (Argentina)[6][7] / Secondary 6127 metre summit - December 12, 2000 - Robert Ayers, Tony Brake, Paul Doherty, Paul Morgan - United States[8]

Activity in the complex started in Argentina and formed two stratovolcanoes. Later, 12 or more vents formed, some with craters up to 400 metres (1,300 ft) wide. Lava flows up to 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) long with flow ridges are also found. It covers a total area of 225 km2.[10] Radiometric dating has yielded ages of 1.7 ± 0.4 to 0.431 ± 0.012 million years ago,[11] a lava flow from the neighbouring Azufrera Los Cuyanos volcano that is sometimes considered part of Sierra Nevada is 140,000 years old.[12] Together with Cerro el Condor and Peinado it forms the Culampaja line, a line of volcanoes that reaches Cerro Blanco.[13] Strong seismic attenuation is observed beneath Sierra Nevada.[9] Hydrothermally altered rocks in Sierra Nevada may be the source of sulfate and arsenic in the Juncalito and Negro rivers, and heat sources for regional hot springs.[14] The snowline in the area lies at 5,800 metres (19,000 ft) altitude at Cumbre del Laudo.[15]

First Ascent

Sierra Nevada's main summit was one of the last 6000 metre peaks climbed in the Andes.[16] It was thought that its secondary summit, 6,127 metres (20,102 ft) 26°29′37″S 68°35′08″W, which sits on the border, was the highest. New measurements however show that the main summit is entirely in Argentina, 2.6 kilometres east.[4] The complex has 9 main summits.[17]

See also

Notes
  1. Other elevation data from available digital elevation models are 6,137 metres (20,135 ft) from SRTM,[1] 6,122 metres (20,085 ft) from ASTER[2] and 6,172 metres (20,249 ft) from TanDEM-X.[3] The nearest key col reaches 4,788 metres (15,709 ft) elevation and a topographic prominence of 1,352 metres (4,436 ft), with a dominance of 22.02%. Its parent peak is Cerro El Condor and the Topographic isolation is 25.2 kilometers.[4]

References
  1. USGS, EROS Archive. "USGS EROS Archive - Digital Elevation - SRTM Coverage Maps". Retrieved 12 April 2020.
  2. "ASTER GDEM Project". ssl.jspacesystems.or.jp. Retrieved 2020-04-14.
  3. TanDEM-X, TerraSAR-X. "Copernicus Space Component Data Access". Retrieved 12 April 2020.
  4. "Sierra Nevada / Sierra Nevada de Lagunas Bravas". Andes Specialists. Retrieved 2020-04-12.
  5. "Sierra Nevada / Sierra Nevada de Lagunas Bravas". Andes Specialists. Retrieved 2020-04-12.
  6. "Revista Digital CCAM 49". Revista Digital CCAM 49. Jan 2015.
  7. "Vertical N 28". Vertical N 28.
  8. American Alpine Club Journal. 2002. p. 328.
  9. Kay, S. M.; Mpodozis, C.; Gardeweg, M. (7 August 2013). "Magma sources and tectonic setting of Central Andean andesites (25.5-28 S) related to crustal thickening, forearc subduction erosion and delamination". Geological Society, London, Special Publications. 385 (1): 325. doi:10.1144/SP385.11. S2CID 129489335.
  10. "Sierra Nevada". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution.
  11. GROSSE, Pablo; GUZMÁN, Silvina; PETRINOVIC, Ivan (2017). "VOLCANES COMPUESTOS CENOZOICOS DEL NOROESTE ARGENTINO" (PDF). ResearchGate (in Spanish). Tucuman: 20th Chilean Geological Congress. p. 508. Retrieved 20 January 2018.
  12. Polanco, E., J. Clavero, and R. Arcos. "Cadena Volcánica Los Cuyanos-Sierra Nevada: geoquímica y edades Ar/Ar, Zona Volcánica Central, Región de Atacama, Chile (26° 26’S)." XIX Cong Geol Arg Actas S24–3-16 (2014).
  13. Mulcahy, Patrick; Chen, Chen; Kay, Suzanne M.; Brown, Larry D.; Isacks, Bryan L.; Sandvol, Eric; Heit, Benjamin; Yuan, Xiaohui; Coira, Beatriz L. (August 2014). "Central Andean mantle and crustal seismicity beneath the Southern Puna plateau and the northern margin of the Chilean-Pampean flat slab". Tectonics. 33 (8): 1638. Bibcode:2014Tecto..33.1636M. doi:10.1002/2013TC003393. hdl:11336/35932. S2CID 129847828.
  14. Aguirre, L.; Clavero, J. (2000). "Antecedentes fisicoquimicos preliminares de cuerpos de agua superficial del Altiplano de la III region de Atacama, Chile" (PDF). biblioserver.sernageomin.cl (in Spanish). 9th Chilean Geological Congress. p. 357. Retrieved 5 November 2016.
  15. Haselton, Kirk; Hilley, George; Strecker, Manfred R. (March 2002). "Average Pleistocene Climatic Patterns in the Southern Central Andes: Controls on Mountain Glaciation and Paleoclimate Implications" (PDF). The Journal of Geology. 110 (2): 215. Bibcode:2002JG....110..211H. doi:10.1086/338414. S2CID 18111576. Retrieved 24 February 2016.
  16. Biggar, John (2005). The Andes: A Guide for Climbers (3rd ed.). Andes Publishing (Scotland). pp. 304 pp. ISBN 0-9536087-2-7.
  17. "Capas SIG | Instituto Geográfico Nacional". www.ign.gob.ar. Retrieved 2020-04-30.

Sources
  • González-Ferrán, Oscar (1995). Volcanes de Chile. Santiago, Chile: Instituto Geográfico Militar. pp. 215–220. ISBN 956-202-054-1. (in Spanish; also includes volcanoes of Argentina, Bolivia, and Peru)


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