Shivini

Shivini (Urartian: π’€­π’…†π’„Ώπ’Œ‘π’„Ώπ’‰Œ, romanized: dΕ‘i-i-u2-i-ni), also known as Siuini, Artinis, Ardinis, was a solar god in the mythology of the Iron Age kingdom of Urartu in the Armenian Highlands.[lower-alpha 1] He is the third god in a triad with Khaldi and Theispas. The Assyrian god Shamash is a counterpart to Shivini. He was depicted as a man on his knees, holding up a solar disc. His wife was most likely a goddess called Tushpuea who is listed as the third goddess on the Mheri-Dur inscription.[2]

Shivini, a drawing based on an image on an object (a belt) from the History Museum of Armenia

Armen Petrosyan and other scholars argue that his name derives from a Hittite source, and is, therefore, of Indo-European origin.[3]

  • Armenian postage stamp, 1993
    Armenian postage stamp, 1993
  • Shivini god
    Shivini god
  • Shivini's bronze caldron
    Shivini's bronze caldron
  • The caldron's bronze-sculpted handle
    The caldron's bronze-sculpted handle

Footnotes
  1. He was also called Ε imigi by the Hurrians.[1]

References
  1. Lurker, Manfred (2004). A Dictionary of Gods and Goddesses, Devils and Demons. Routledge. p. 325. ISBN 0-415-03943-6
  2. Piotrovsky, Boris B. (1969). The Ancient Civilization of Urartu: An Archaeological Adventure. Cowles Book Co. ISBN 0-214-66793-6.
  3. Petrosyan, Armen. "Collegiality and Interchange in Armenian Studies". In: Journal of the Society for Armenian Studies Vol. 20 (2011): 145 and footnote nr. 26.

Further reading
  • Badalyan, Miqayel. "Ε iuini: The Urartian Sun God." In Over the Mountains and Far Away: Studies in Near Eastern History and Archaeology Presented to Mirjo Salvini on the Occasion of His 80th Birthday, edited by Avetisyan Pavel S., Dan Roberto, and Grekyan Yervand H., 46–57. Summertown: Archaeopress, 2019. doi:10.2307/j.ctvndv9f0.10.


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