Skyros

Skyros (Greek: Σκύρος, Modern Greek: [ˈs̠ci.ro̞s̠]), in some historical contexts Latinized Scyros (Ancient Greek: Σκῦρος, Attic Greek pronunciation: [skŷː.ros]), is an island in Greece. It is the southernmost of the Sporades, an archipelago in the Aegean Sea. Around the 2nd millennium BC, the island was known as The Island of the Magnetes; later, it was consecutively known as Pelasgia, Dolopia and finally Skyros. At 209 km2 (81 sq mi) it is the largest island of the Sporades, and has a population of about 3,000 (in 2011).

"Skiros" redirects here. For the town of ancient Arcadia, see Skiros (Arcadia).
Skyros
Σκύρος
Chora
Chora
Skyros is located in Greece
Skyros
Skyros
Location within the region
Coordinates: 38°52′21″N 24°31′30″E
CountryGreece
Administrative regionCentral Greece
Regional unitEuboea
Area
 • Municipality223.10 km2 (86.14 sq mi)
Highest elevation
792 m (2,598 ft)
Lowest elevation
0 m (0 ft)
Population
 (2011)[1]
 • Municipality
2,994
 • Municipality density13/km2 (35/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+2 (EET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+3 (EEST)
Postal code
340 07
Area code(s)22x0
Vehicle registrationΧΑ

Municipality

The municipality Skyros is part of the regional unit of Euboea.[2] Apart from the island Skyros, the municipality consists of the small inhabited island of Skyropoula and a few smaller uninhabited islands. The total area of the municipality is 223.10 km2 (86 sq mi).[3]

Etymology

One account associates the name Skyros with skyron or skiron, meaning "stone debris".[4] The island had a reputation for its decorative stone.[5]

History
Early coinage of Skyros, c. 485–480 BC

According to Greek mythology, Theseus died on Skyros when the local king, Lycomedes, threw him from a cliff. The island is also famous in the myths as the place from where Achilles set sail for Troy after Odysseus discovered him in the court of Lycomedes.[6] Neoptolemus, son of Achilles, was from Skyros (or Scyros, as its name is sometimes transliterated), as told in Book Nineteen of the Iliad (lines 326-327) and in the play by Sophocles, Philoctetes (line 239). A small bay named Achili on the east coast of the island is said to be the place from where Achilles left with the Greeks, or rather where Achilles landed during a squall that befell the Greek fleet following an abortive initial expedition landing astray in Mysia.[7]

In c. 475 BC, according to Thucydides (1.98), Cimon defeated the Dolopians (the original inhabitants) and conquered the entire island. From that date, Athenian settlers colonized it and it became a part of the Athenian Empire. The island lay on the strategic trade route between Attica and the Black Sea (Athens depended on supplies of grain reaching it through the Hellespont). Cimon claimed to have found the remains of Theseus, and returned them to Athens.

In 340 BC, the Macedonians took over the island and dominated it until 192 BC, when King Philip V of Macedon and the Roman Republican forces restored it to Athens.

View of the medieval castle
Skyros, 1782
Admiralty Chart of Skyros, surveyed by Thomas Graves, Published 1851

After the Fourth Crusade of 1202–1204, the island became part of the domain of Geremia Ghisi. The Byzantines retook it in 1277. After the Fall of Constantinople, Venetians again ruled the island until 1538, when it passed to the Ottoman Empire. It became part of the new Greek state in 1830.

In 1848, Captain Thomas Graves surveyed Skyros for the British Admiralty in the frigate HMS Volage. He travelled around the island, and a record of his observations was published the following year.[8]

Rupert Brooke, the famous English poet, is buried on Skyros, having died on board a French hospital-ship moored off the island on 23 April 1915, during World War I.[9] Present at Brooke's burial that same evening, were Patrick Shaw-Stewart and William Denis Browne.[10] The tomb that visitors see today when they visit the grave, which is located in the Tris Boukes Bay, is one that was commissioned by Brooke’s mother and was placed after the 1st World War. On the tomb is an inscription of Brooke's famous poem The Soldier.[11]

In 1941 Pulitzer Prize-winning poet Karl Shapiro wrote the World War II poem Scyros, which he set on the island Skyros "because it was a tribute to and irony upon Rupert Brooke."[12]

In 1963 the Archaeological Museum of Skyros was established, with the inauguration taking place 10 years later in 1973. The Faltaits Folklore Museum was founded in 1964[13] - one of the first local folklore museums to operate in Greece.[14]

Spanish flu

In 1918, during the spanish flu, approximately one third of the island's population died in less than 30 days. Specifically, the influenza began on 27 October 1918, and of the 3,200 inhabitants on the island, almost 2,000 were infected and 1,000 died.[15] Konstantinos Faltaits described the dire consequences of the pandemic in a rare chronicle published in 1919, titled Ἡ γρίππη στὴ Σκῦρο 'The flu in Skyros'.[16]

Geography

The north of the island is covered by a forest, while the south, dominated by the highest mountain, called Kochila, (792 m), is bare and rocky. The island's capital is also called Skyros (or, locally, Chora). The main port, on the west coast, is Linaria. The island has a castle (the kastro) that dates from the Venetian occupation (13th to 15th centuries), a Byzantine monastery (the Monastery of Saint George), the grave of English poet Rupert Brooke in an olive grove by the road leading to Tris Boukes harbour. There are many beaches on the coast. The island has its own breed of Skyrian ponies.

Climate

Skyros has a hot-summer Mediterranean climate (Csa) with mild to cool, rainy winters and pleasantly warm, dry summers.

Climate data for Skyros airport (1955-2010) HNMS
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average high °C (°F) 12.3
(54.1)		 12.7
(54.9)		 14.1
(57.4)		 17.7
(63.9)		 22
(72)		 26.3
(79.3)		 27.9
(82.2)		 27.6
(81.7)		 24.7
(76.5)		 20.8
(69.4)		 17.2
(63.0)		 13.9
(57.0)		 19.8
(67.6)
Average low °C (°F) 7.4
(45.3)		 7.4
(45.3)		 8.7
(47.7)		 11.4
(52.5)		 15
(59)		 19.3
(66.7)		 21.7
(71.1)		 21.7
(71.1)		 18.8
(65.8)		 15.5
(59.9)		 12
(54)		 9.1
(48.4)		 14.0
(57.2)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 70.6
(2.78)		 55.3
(2.18)		 49.9
(1.96)		 24.3
(0.96)		 15.4
(0.61)		 6.5
(0.26)		 5.9
(0.23)		 8.4
(0.33)		 19.4
(0.76)		 36.7
(1.44)		 54.6
(2.15)		 81.1
(3.19)		 428.1
(16.85)
Source: HNMS (1955-2010 averages)[17]

Historical population
Year Population
1981 2,757
1991 1,806
2001 2,602
2011 2,994

Transportation

Air travel

Skyros is home to the Skyros Island National Airport, a one-runway airport.

Sea travel

Skyros Shipping Company operates the ferry service to Skyros. During holiday season the ferry runs twice daily from Kymi to Linaria on Skyros. During the winter months the service operates daily.[18] The ship has the name "Achilleas SKYROS SHIPPING CO." (Greek: Αχιλλέας ΣΚΥΡΟΣ ΝΑΥΤΙΚΗ ΕΤΑΙΡΙΑ).

  • View of Chora
    View of Chora
  • Street of Skyros
    Street of Skyros
  • Aerial view
    Aerial view
  • Skyros pony
    Skyros pony
  • Fest during the carnival
    Fest during the carnival
  • Brooke Square
    Brooke Square
  • Traditional dress (Vraka) of Skyros
    Traditional dress (Vraka) of Skyros
  • Traditional costumes of Skyros (PFF's archives)
    Traditional costumes of Skyros (PFF's archives)
  • Archaeological Site of Palamari
    Archaeological Site of Palamari
  • Agios Nikolaos Church in Molos
    Agios Nikolaos Church in Molos
  • Shipwreck on Agalipas Beach
    Shipwreck on Agalipas Beach

References
  1. "Απογραφή Πληθυσμού - Κατοικιών 2011. ΜΟΝΙΜΟΣ Πληθυσμός" (in Greek). Hellenic Statistical Authority.
  2. "ΦΕΚ A 87/2010, Kallikratis reform law text" (in Greek). Government Gazette. Archived from the original on 2021-10-23. Retrieved 2021-09-07.
  3. "Population & housing census 2001 (incl. area and average elevation)" (PDF) (in Greek). National Statistical Service of Greece. Archived (PDF) from the original on 21 September 2015. Retrieved 11 November 2016.
  4. "History of Skyros Island". 2016. Archived from the original on 8 February 2021. Retrieved 9 November 2018. "Skiron" or "Skyron" means "stone debris".
  5. Lazzarini, Lorenzo (1999). "Characterisation and differentiation of the Skyros marbles (Greece) and the Medici's breccias (Italy)". In Max Schvoerer (ed.). Actes de la Conference internationale ASMOSIA, 9-13 Octobre 1995, Archeomateriaux - Marbres at autres roches. Conference internationale ASMOSIA (Association for the Study of Marble and Other Stones used in Antiquity). Vol. 4. Centre de recherche en physique appliquée à l'archéologie. Presses Univ. de Bordeaux. p. 117. ISBN 9782867812446. Archived from the original on 8 February 2021. Retrieved 9 November 2018. The breccias of the Greek island of Skyros were largely used since Roman times for their beauty and low price.
  6. Homer. Iliad. Vol. 19.326.
  7. See scholia (bT) ad Iliad 9.326 for the latter story and the harbor's name.
  8. Graves, Thomas (1849). "The Isle of Skyros". The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London. 19: 152–160. doi:10.2307/1798090. JSTOR 1798090.
  9. "Rupert Brooke". Archived from the original on 5 April 2010. Retrieved 2 January 2010.
  10. Blevins, Pamela (2000). "William Denis Browne (1888–1915)". Musicweb International. Archived from the original on 12 June 2018. Retrieved 9 November 2007.
  11. "Grave of Rupert Brooke". Archived from the original on 8 February 2021. Retrieved 15 November 2019.
  12. Shapiro, Karl (1988–1990). Poet : an autobiography in three parts. Vol. The Younger Son. Algonquin Books of Chapel Hill. pp. 119. ISBN 0912697865. OCLC 17651234.
  13. "museum". users.otenet.gr. Archived from the original on 2019-06-14. Retrieved 2018-11-09.
  14. "Guide to the island of Skyros". Archived from the original on 8 February 2021. Retrieved 23 February 2018.
  15. Mammas, Ioannis N.; Theodoridou, Maria; Thiagarajan, Prakash; Melidou, Angeliki; Papaioannou, Georgia; Korovessi, Paraskevi; Koutsaftiki, Chryssie; Papatheodoropoulou, Alexia; Calachanis, Marcos; Dalianis, Tina; Spandidos, Demetrios A. (June 2019). "A paediatric influenza update 100 years after the Skyros island Spanish flu outbreak - Spandidos Publications". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine. 17 (6): 4327–4336. doi:10.3892/etm.2019.7515. PMC 6507498. PMID 31186675.
  16. Καλαμαράς, Βασίλης Κ. (9 November 2020). "Κωνσταντίνος Φαλτάιτς (1891-1944): Το χρονικό της ισπανικής γρίππης στη Σκύρο". Enetpress (in Greek).
  17. "Climatic Data by City,HNMS, Hellenic National Meteorological Service".
  18. "Skyros Island Beach Guide". Greek Islands Postcards. Archived from the original on 28 March 2020.
  • Media related to Skyros at Wikimedia Commons
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