Saturnina Hidalgo

Saturnina Rizal Mercado de Hidalgo (June 4, 1850 – September 14, 1913; née Rizal Mercado y Alonso Realonda), or simply Saturnina Hidalgo, was the eldest sister of Philippine national hero José Rizal. She was married to Manuel T. Hidalgo, a native and one of the richest persons in Tanauan, Batangas. She was known as Neneng.

This name uses Spanish naming customs: the first or paternal family name is Mercado, the second or maternal family name is Realonda, and, for married women, the optional marital name is de Hidalgo.
Saturnina Hidalgo
Born
Saturnina Rizal Mercado y Alonso Realonda

(1850-06-04)June 4, 1850
Calamba, Laguna, Captaincy General of the Philippines, Spanish Empire
DiedSeptember 14, 1913(1913-09-14) (aged 63)
Tanauan, Batangas, Philippine Islands
NationalityFilipino
Other namesSaturnina Rizal
Saturnina Mercado
SpouseManuel T. Hidalgo
Parent(s)Francisco Rizal Mercado (father)
Teodora Alonso Realonda (mother)
RelativesJosé Rizal (brother)
Paciano Rizal (brother)
Trinidad Rizal (sister)

Because of his early interest in obstetrics, Saturnina, along with her mother and eight sisters, shared health concerns and sought medical advice from her brother José. While he ultimately chose a different path, the females of the family encouraged Rizal in the direction of gynecology and obstetrics because of the high rates of maternal death and sickness from various women's diseases Filipinas experienced. In one letter, Hidalgo wrote:

I am sending you news that I now have two children, the eldest is Alfredo, next is Adela, and now I am eight months pregnant. Study well how you may be of assistance to our situation, certainly with so many of us there will always be someone suffering the hardships of this sickness.[1]

An article documenting the emergence of Western medicine in the Philippines and healthcare consumption among wealthy Filipinas around the turn of the 20th century discussed gynecologist Felipe Zamora's diagnosis that Hidalgo possessed a "swollen, out of place, and dirty" uterus.[2]

While, in 1890, she initially begged her brother, José, to remedy the political situation in which her husband, whom she called Maneng, became deported to Bohol for his alliance with Rizal, a letter from later that year revealed her change of heart. When her husband was sent into exile a second time, this time to Mindoro, she assured Rizal she had refrained from crying. She wrote: "I have been inured to the pain of separation, especially when I consider that all this cruelty and misfortune will be for the good of all. My faith has become stronger because of everything you told me."[3]

Oil painting of the young Saturnina by brother José Rizal.

In 1909, Hidalgo published the first Tagalog/Filipino translation (by Pascual H. Poblete) of her brother's revolutionary novel Noli Me Tángere, thus ensuring Rizal's words became accessible, beyond elite Spanish-speaking circles, to the common Filipino.[4]

She died on September 14, 1913.

Media portrayal

Ancestry

References
  1. Reyes, Rachel A.G. (August 1, 2017). "José Rizal and birth control". The Manila Times.
  2. REYES, RAQUEL A. G. (2012). "Modernizing the Manileña: Technologies of conspicuous consumption for the well-to-do woman, circa 1880s—1930s" (PDF). Modern Asian Studies. 46 (1): 193–220. doi:10.1017/S0026749X1100062X. ISSN 0026-749X. JSTOR 41330659. S2CID 145190752.
  3. Llanes, Ferdinand C. (1999-03-01). "Propagandista and Deportado: Return to the Motherland, Ca. 1888–1892". Asian and Pacific Migration Journal. 8 (1–2): 83–100. doi:10.1177/011719689900800105. ISSN 0117-1968. S2CID 145777012.
  4. TESTA-DE OCAMPO, ANNA MELINDA (2011). "The Afterlives of the Noli me tángere". Philippine Studies. 59 (4): 495–527. ISSN 0031-7837. JSTOR 42634694.


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