Saturn Club

Saturn Club is a private social club, founded in 1885, in Buffalo in Erie County, New York that currently operates out of an National Register of Historic Places-listed building at 977 Delaware Ave. in Buffalo, New York.

Saturn Club
Saturn Club, April 2009
Saturn Club is located in New York
Saturn Club
Saturn Club is located in the United States
Saturn Club
Location977 Delaware Ave., Buffalo, New York
Coordinates42°54′38″N 78°52′13″W
Area1.7 acres (0.69 ha)
Built1922
ArchitectBley & Lyman; Williams, Harry
Architectural styleTudor Revival
NRHP reference No.05000444[1]
Added to NRHPMay 19, 2005

History

In 1885, The Saturn Club was founded by thirteen young men who wanted to congregate in a less formal setting than their father's traditional clubs.[2] The first three founders were: Carlton Sprague, William F. Kip, and Francis Almy. They recruited the ten others including John B. Olmsted and Ansley Wilcox.[3] They first congregated on Saturdays, hence the name, to socialize and play cards. Dues were US$10 (equivalent to about $326 in 2022) a month, and the initiation fee was a chair. With a nod to the many "University Clubs" of the time, Saturn's founders patterned their board of directors after that of a small college, including:[2]

  • Faculty
  • Dean
  • Registrar
  • Bursar

Initially, the members met in a house owned by Sprague's grandfather but by 1886, the members decided to rent three rooms at the rear of a dwelling at 640 Main Street. In 1887, they moved to another rented house, a small Second Empire style home at 331 Delaware Avenue, before relocating to a larger, Italianate cottage at 393 Delaware Avenue, opposite the Buffalo Club.

In 1889, the club and its 150 members formally incorporated in Erie County and decided to construct their own building. By February, the directors had purchased a lot, 417 Delaware Avenue, at the southeast corner of Delaware Avenue and Edward Streets, not far from the Buffalo Club. On this site, they constructed a three-story brick building, designed by Herbert C Burdett of the Buffalo firm of Marling & Burdett. The building was dedicated on December 13, 1890.[3]

Beginning in the 1890s, the club added baseball games, lectures, costume balls, and vaudeville shows to the club's programming. A library was initiated and debates were held on the important issues of the time. These debates often included participation with other area clubs, including the Buffalo Club, the University Club, and the Garret Club.[4]

In 1900, then Gov. Theodore Roosevelt visited and had dinner at the club during his visit to Buffalo.[5]

In 1985, women were officially admitted as full members, however, in the immediate years preceding the change, women had full use of the club, through a relationship with the Garret Club, as well as through their spouses or other connections.[4]

1922 building

In December 1920, only 30 years after the original buildings dedication, a new building committee suggested selling the existing clubhouse and erecting a new building elsewhere. Club member Duane Lyman, of Bley & Lyman, was asked to develop new plans for a clubhouse along with Ralph Plumb, a club member. The club purchased property at 977 Delaware Avenue and approved Lyman's plans for the present day Tudor style building, by February 1921.[3]

On October 21, 1921, the cornerstone of the new building was laid and exactly one year later, on October 21, 1922, the clubhouse was dedicated. The Tudor Revival structure featured an enclosed open courtyard.[6] By completion, the project ended up totaling US$500,000 (equivalent to $8,741,551 in 2022).[3]

The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.[1]

Renovations

In 2002, the club underwent a $1 million (equivalent to $1,627,000 in 2022) renovation that added two squash courts as well as general upgrades to its athletic facilities. The Saturn Club already had one international regulation doubles court and two singles courts. The new courts allow the club to host competitions. The other renovation work includes improvements to both the men's and women's locker rooms and the addition of exercise equipment. Hamilton Houston Lownie Architects, PC designed the additions and Integrated Realty & Development Corp. served as construction manager.[7]

In 2014, the interior was remodeled by Michael Donnelly Interiors and focused on two rooms: The Delaware Room and The Red Room. The Red Room features a fireplace and is accented by dark wood paneling along with a rich red covering. Panel draperies with 12-inch-wide, red fabric bands were added to frame the leaded windows. New furniture, chandelier covers and brown paisley carpeting with a red background were also added. The Delaware Room has a more clean look showcasing the oversized historic wall panels that depict seaside life. The fabrics are striped with blues and beiges that are intended to complement the murals.[8]

Prohibition
Front page of the Buffalo Courier from August 29, 1923

During the early years of Prohibition, Saturn had a bar and a bartender, but did not provide drinks. On advice from its lawyers, members could keep items, unquestioned, in private lockers and order all the ingredients for a drink, without spirits, to be passed into the club's rooms through a small sliding door.[9]

On August 29, 1923, Federal agents under William J. Donovan, who himself was a member of the club, raided both the Saturn Club and the Country Club of Buffalo.[10] Agents found at least sixty quarts of whisky, a similar amount of gin, five gallons of moonshine, bottles of champagne, vermouth, and other liquors inside the organization's lockers, according to court documents. The chair of the club's house committee told reporters the night of the raid that the liquor “evidently was smuggled in by bootlegging employees of the club.”[9]

A listing of those charged with dry law violations was published in the newspaper[10] After the names were published, the members and the club had little option but to agree to a settlement and do away with the sliding doors.[9]

Notable members

Notable former members of Saturn Club include:

■ Indicates that the individual was named in the newspaper during the 1923 raid[11][12]

References
  1. "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. March 13, 2009.
  2. "The Saturn Club - Home". saturnclub.org. The Saturn Club. Retrieved 24 February 2016.
  3. LaChiusa, Chuck. "Saturn Club". buffaloah.com. Buffalo Architecture and History. Retrieved 24 February 2016.
  4. Licata, Elizabeth. "The Ever-Evolving Saturn Club". Buffalo Spree (Nov./Dec. 2001). Retrieved 24 February 2016.
  5. "GOV. ROOSEVELT AT BUFFALO". The New York Times. February 23, 1900. Retrieved 24 February 2016.
  6. "Cultural Resource Information System (CRIS)" (Searchable database). New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation. Retrieved 2016-02-01. Note: This includes Claire L. Ross (January 2005). "National Register of Historic Places Registration Form: Saturn Club" (PDF). Retrieved 2016-02-01. and Accompanying eight photographs
  7. Buffalo Business First Staff (February 19, 2002). "Saturn Club spending $1 million on renovation". Buffalo Business First. Retrieved 24 February 2016. {{cite news}}: |last1= has generic name (help)
  8. Marley, Karen (March 4, 2014). "UPDATING THE GOOD LIFE AT THE SATURN CLUB". Design NY Magazine. Retrieved 24 February 2016.
  9. Purdy, Kevin (6 May 2013). "Leaders of the Pack: On the trail of Buffalo's most elusive organization". Buffalo Spree (May 2013). Retrieved 24 February 2016.
  10. Powell, Stephen. "William J. Donovan (a.k.a. "Wild Bill") Takes on Buffalo". Buffalonian (Winter 2003). Retrieved 24 February 2016.
  11. Buffalo Courier Staff (August 29, 1923). "REVEAL SATURN CLUB LIQUOR LIST". Buffalo Courier.
  12. One Hundred Years, 1985, George F. Goodyear, Partners Press
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