Santa Maria della Scala, Milan

The church was built on the site called della Case Rotte, where the ruins of the palace of the Della Torre family lay, demolished by Matteo Visconti after he had defeated them at the beginning of the 14th century.[2]

The church's construction began on September 7, 1381, with the groundbreaking ceremony attended by Regina Della Scala, the Milan archbishop Saluzzo, and the Visconti court. Beatrice della Scala died in 1384 after having recommended to her husband that she promptly complete her work. The church was consecrated in 1385.[3][4][5] Initially known as Santa Maria alle Case Rotte, it later assumed the name of Santa Maria della Scala after the name of its founder.[6]

The building was erected in the Lombard Gothic style.[7] The interior was divided into three naves, with vaults supported by four pairs of pillars.[8][9] The façade was gabled and vertically divided into three sections, corresponding to the three internal naves. The portal opened in the central section, and a large rose window above gave light to the central nave. Still above, there was a mullioned window with trefoil arches and a central oculus. In correspondence with the lateral naves, two other small rose windows were on both sides of the central rose window.[7]

The naves of the church were oriented along the current Via Manzoni.[10] Seven buttresses, four of which corresponded to the four pillars of the inner bays, divided the outer lateral walls.[11]

The church had a bell tower polygonal with reinforced edges. Mullioned windows with trefoil arches and a central oculus opened the belfry.[10]

Fresco of Virgin and Child, now in the church of San Fedele

In the 16th century, the apse was rebuilt with polygonal architecture and reinforced corners, occupying the land behind the church.[12]

The apse space's increase allowed for the addition of an inlaid wooden choir, completed in 1560. Preserved until today, since it was transferred to the nearby church of San Fedele before the church's demolition, the choir had a horseshoe shape reproducing the apse's form.[8][13]

In 1776, Empress Maria Theresa confirmed the decision to demolish the Church of Santa Maria della Scala to build a new theater in that area. The decision seems to have also been determined by the precarious static conditions of the church, seriously compromised by a streamlet that flowed nearby.[14]

A series of activities for the passage of the canons to the nearby church of San Fedele and the preservation of frescoes, paintings, and sculptures kept in the church preceded the demolition of Santa Maria alla Scala.[15]

A fresco of the Virgin and Child was detached from the wall and transferred with other paintings on wood and sculptures to the church of San Fedele. The wooden choir was transferred to the church of San Fedele and adapted to its apse. Some other sculpture elements were transferred to the Sforza Castle Museum.[16]