Sandu Shui Autonomous County
Sandu Shui Autonomous County (Chinese: 三都水族自治县; pinyin: Sāndū Shuǐzú Zìzhìxiàn; Bouyei: Sanyduy Suijzuf Ziqziqxianq) is an autonomous county in the southeast of Guizhou province, China. It is under the administration of the Qiannan Buyei and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, and the only Shui Autonomous County in China; 63% of Shui in China live in this county, which is the heartland of the Shui people.[4] Per a 2022 county government publication, Sandu has a population of 381,000, 97% of whom belong to ethnic minorities, and 67% of the total population are Shui.[5]
Sandu County
三都县 · Sanyduy xianq | |
|---|---|
| 三都水族自治县 Sanyduy Suijzuf Ziqziqxianq Sandu Shui Autonomous County | |
 Shui ethnic houses | |
  Sandu Location of the seat in Guizhou  Sandu Sandu (Southwest China) | |
| Coordinates (Sandu County government): 25°59′01″N 107°52′10″E | |
| Country | China |
| Province | Guizhou |
| Autonomous prefecture | Qiannan |
| County seat | Sanhe Subdistrict |
| Area | |
| • Autonomous county | 2,384 km2 (920 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 675 m (2,215 ft) |
| Highest elevation [1] (Gengding Mountain) | 1,665.5 m (5,464.2 ft) |
| Lowest elevation [1] (Duliu River) | 303 m (994 ft) |
| Population (2020 census)[2] | |
| • Autonomous county | 276,347 |
| • Density | 120/km2 (300/sq mi) |
| • Urban | 177,882 |
| • Ethnic minorities | 367,100 |
| • Shui people | 261,300 |
| Time zone | UTC+8 (China Standard) |
| Postal code | 558100 |
| Area code | 0854 |
| Website | www |
It is one of the poorest counties of Guizhou. Most of the county is forested and it is noted for its clean air.[6]
Administrative divisions
Sandu administers the following 2 subdistricts and 6 towns:[7]
Geography
Sandu County's urban center is located 68 kilometres (42 mi) from Duyun, the administrative center of the Qiannan Buyei and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, and 177 kilometres (110 mi) from the provincial capital of Guiyang.[6]
All of Sandu belongs to the watershed of the Liu River which flows into the Pearl River. The Duliu River has its source in Sandu and flows into the Liu River. The county is rather mountainous with Karst landscape resulting in large locale temperature and climate differences. Antimony is mined commercially in Sandu.[1]
Climate
| Climate data for Sandu (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–2010) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 25.8 (78.4) |
32.3 (90.1) |
35.6 (96.1) |
37.1 (98.8) |
36.4 (97.5) |
37.5 (99.5) |
39.2 (102.6) |
38.8 (101.8) |
38.4 (101.1) |
35.7 (96.3) |
32.0 (89.6) |
28.1 (82.6) |
39.2 (102.6) |
| Average high °C (°F) | 11.8 (53.2) |
15.1 (59.2) |
19.0 (66.2) |
24.6 (76.3) |
28.0 (82.4) |
30.2 (86.4) |
32.2 (90.0) |
32.6 (90.7) |
30.0 (86.0) |
24.7 (76.5) |
20.4 (68.7) |
14.8 (58.6) |
23.6 (74.5) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 7.9 (46.2) |
10.6 (51.1) |
14.1 (57.4) |
19.2 (66.6) |
22.7 (72.9) |
25.2 (77.4) |
26.7 (80.1) |
26.3 (79.3) |
23.8 (74.8) |
19.3 (66.7) |
14.8 (58.6) |
9.8 (49.6) |
18.4 (65.1) |
| Average low °C (°F) | 5.5 (41.9) |
7.7 (45.9) |
11.1 (52.0) |
15.7 (60.3) |
19.2 (66.6) |
22.2 (72.0) |
23.4 (74.1) |
22.8 (73.0) |
20.2 (68.4) |
16.1 (61.0) |
11.6 (52.9) |
6.9 (44.4) |
15.2 (59.4) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −2.9 (26.8) |
−1.9 (28.6) |
−0.5 (31.1) |
5.7 (42.3) |
7.2 (45.0) |
12.5 (54.5) |
15.4 (59.7) |
17.1 (62.8) |
11.9 (53.4) |
6.4 (43.5) |
0.3 (32.5) |
−3.5 (25.7) |
−3.5 (25.7) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 37.0 (1.46) |
36.9 (1.45) |
69.7 (2.74) |
118.7 (4.67) |
205.1 (8.07) |
278.8 (10.98) |
224.5 (8.84) |
162.1 (6.38) |
90.5 (3.56) |
76.9 (3.03) |
47.3 (1.86) |
27.4 (1.08) |
1,374.9 (54.12) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 13.2 | 11.7 | 16.0 | 16.7 | 18.1 | 18.3 | 17.1 | 15.1 | 10.6 | 11.7 | 9.8 | 9.7 | 168 |
| Average snowy days | 1.9 | 0.7 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.5 | 3.2 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 78 | 76 | 78 | 78 | 80 | 83 | 82 | 81 | 80 | 81 | 79 | 76 | 79 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 34.0 | 48.8 | 62.5 | 87.6 | 103.2 | 87.0 | 139.1 | 161.6 | 129.0 | 90.3 | 82.8 | 63.0 | 1,088.9 |
| Percent possible sunshine | 10 | 15 | 17 | 23 | 25 | 21 | 33 | 40 | 35 | 25 | 26 | 19 | 24 |
| Source: China Meteorological Administration[8][9] | |||||||||||||
Demographics
As of 2021, Sandu Shui Autonomous County has a registered hukou population of 380,871, of which, 96,869 belong to urban areas, and the remaining 284,002 belong to rural areas, giving the autonomous county an urbanization rate of 25.43%.[10]
Per a 2022 county government publication, 67% of the autonomous county's population is ethnically Shui, another 30% belong to other recognized ethnic minorities, and just 3% of the population is ethnically Han Chinese.[5]
The average annual disposable income for urban residents as of 2021 totaled 35,874 renminbi (RMB), a 9% increase from the previous year, and the second highest among county-level divisions in the Qiannan Buyei and Miao Autonomous Prefecture.[10]
Transport
Sandu is served by the Guiyang–Guangzhou high-speed railway, with a travel time of 50 minutes to Guiyang.[6] It is also connected by G76 Xiamen–Chengdu Expressway and several provincial expressways.
References
- "三都水族自治县".
- "黔南州第七次全国人口普查公报（第二号）——地区人口情况" (in Chinese). Government of Qiannan Prefecture. 2021-05-26.
- "三都水族自治县人民政府门户网站-城镇建设".
- "全国唯一的水族自治县——三都宣告脱贫-新华网". www.gz.xinhuanet.com. Archived from the original on August 9, 2020. Retrieved 2021-02-24.
- 行政区划 [Administrative divisions] (in Chinese). Sandu Shui Autonomous County People's Government. 2022-05-17. Archived from the original on 2022-07-26. Retrieved 2022-07-26.
- "三都水族自治县人民政府门户网站-三都简介". www.sandu.gov.cn. Retrieved 2021-02-24.
- 2021年统计用区划代码（三都水族自治县） [2021 Statistical Division Codes (Sandu Shui Autonomous County)] (in Chinese). National Bureau of Statistics of China. 2021. Archived from the original on 2022-07-14. Retrieved 2022-07-26.
- 中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 28 April 2023.
- 中国气象数据网 (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 28 April 2023.
- 人口就业 [Population and employment] (in Chinese). Sandu Shui Autonomous County People's Government. 2022-05-17. Archived from the original on 2022-06-27. Retrieved 2022-07-26.