Lake Seminole

Lake Seminole is a reservoir located in the southwest corner of Georgia along its border with Florida, maintained by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. The Chattahoochee and Flint rivers join in the lake, before flowing from the Jim Woodruff Lock and Dam, which impounds the lake, as the Apalachicola River. The lake contains 37,500 acres (152 km2) of water, and has a shoreline of 376 mi (605 km).[1] The fish in Lake Seminole include largemouth bass, crappie, chain pickerel, catfish, striped bass and other species. American alligators, snakes and various waterfowl are also present in the lake, which is known for its goose hunting.[2][N 1]

For the lake in St. Petersburg, see Lake Seminole (Pinellas County, Florida).
Lake Seminole
Jim Woodruff Lock and Dam. This earthen dam is over one mile (1.6 km) long but this photograph shows only the concrete and steel lock and water control structure of the dam. Sneads, FL is on the left and Chattahoochee, FL is on the right.
Location of Lake Seminole in Florida, USA.
Location of Lake Seminole in Florida, USA.
Lake Seminole
Location of Lake Seminole in Florida, USA.
Location of Lake Seminole in Florida, USA.
Lake Seminole
LocationGeorgia–Florida border,
United States
Coordinates30°43′12″N 84°52′12″W
Primary inflowsChattahoochee, Flint River
Primary outflowsApalachicola River
Catchment area17,200 sq mi (44,548 km2)
Basin countriesUnited States
Max. length35 mi (56 km)
Max. width2 mi (3.2 km)
Surface area37,500 acres (152 km2)
Average depth10 ft (3.0 m)
Max. depth30 ft (9.1 m)
Shore length1376 mi (605 km)
Surface elevation77.5 ft (23.6 m)
1 Shore length is not a well-defined measure.

History

Authorized by the United States Congress in the Rivers and Harbors Act of 1946 as the Jim Woodruff Lock and Dam Project,[4] construction began the following year. With the dam completed in 1952,[5] in 1957 the lake was opened.[4] The project was expected to cost $29 million USD,[6] but when completed had required $46.5 million USD.[7] The lake is named after the Seminole Indians.[8]

Jim Woodruff Dam
Main article: Jim Woodruff Dam

The Jim Woodruff Dam, located about 1,000 feet (300 m) south of the original confluence of the Chattahoochee River, Flint River and Spring Creek to form the Apalachicola River[9] and with a spillway 2,224 feet (678 m) wide,[5] is a hydroelectric and navigational dam named in honor of James W. Woodruff, Sr., a Georgia businessman who spearheaded the development of the Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint Project.[9]

The dam crosses the state line between Georgia and Florida, with the eastern end of the dam being located in Georgia and the majority, including the locks, gates, spillway, and powerhouse, all being within Florida, just 100 feet south of the southwest corner of Georgia.

The Jim Woodruff Dam has a single lock, 450 feet (140 m) in length and 82 feet (25 m) wide,[5] that provides navigational access to the lake and the upstream rivers from the Apalachicola River and Gulf of Mexico. Lake Seminole extends upstream along the Chattahoochee River for 30 miles (48 km) and up the Flint River for 35 miles (56 km).[7]

Parks

The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers maintains 10 parks along the shore of the lake,[10] with 35 parks in total available for recreation, including five campgrounds.[11] Seminole State Park covers 604 acres (244 ha) of lakeshore in Georgia, while Three Rivers State Park covers 686 acres (278 ha) of wetland[12] north of Sneads, Florida.

San Carlos de los Chacatos

The West Bank Overlook at the western end of the dam is the location of the Spanish mission San Carlos de los Chacatos, established in 1674 following a revolt by the Chacato.[13][14] Used by both Marcos Delgado and Don Laureano de Torres y Ayala on their expeditions,[14] the mission was attacked by Alibamu warriors in 1696,[14] then later by English forces led by Colonel James Moore during Queen Anne's War and abandoned.[13]

Resettled during the Creek War in 1813 by Uchee refugees, the site was abandoned again in 1818 during the First Seminole War, and was not rediscovered until 1948 during archaeological work by the Florida Park Service supporting the construction of Lake Seminole.[14]

Fort Scott

Fort Scott was built in 1816 on the west bank of the Flint River, just before it empties into the Apalachicola. The intent was to protect what was then the southern border of the United States (the border between Georgia and Florida), subject to various types of invaders operating through or out of Spanish territory. The Fort was abandoned after Florida became a U.S. territory in 1821 and there was no longer a border to defend. The area around the site was flooded due to the creation of the lake, thus the land which the fort resided became an island.

Notes

Lake Seminole is known for its large bass fishing during the summer and duck hunting in the early winter. It has also been a location of preference for the well-renowned Bass Anglers Sportsman Society (B.A.S.S.) fishing tournaments.

  1. For many years, The Canada goose was protected throughout most of Florida, with one exception, it was legal to hunt the goose on Lake Seminole.[2] However, increases in the feral population has led to the season being opened statewide.[3]

References
Notes
  1. Lake Seminole page, main page, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers website
  2. FWCC: Waterfowl and coot season dates set (2007)
  3. FWC Hunting Regulations 2009-2010
  4. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers: Corps Lakes Gateway
  5. Lakes Online: Lake Seminole
  6. Palm Beach Post, 4 October 1947
  7. Lake Seminole page, Information page, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers website
  8. Krakow, Kenneth K. (1975). Georgia Place-Names: Their History and Origins (PDF). Macon, GA: Winship Press. p. 203. ISBN 0-915430-00-2.
  9. Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint River System History page
  10. Lake Seminole page, parks page, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers website
  11. Great Lakes in Georgia
  12. Three Rivers State Park brochure
  13. ARROW: History: Jackson County
  14. Jackson County, Florida Historic Sites and Research site
Bibliography
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