Demetrius of Rostov

He was born into a Cossack family in 1651. Soon thereafter his family moved to Kyiv, and he entered the Kyiv-Mohyla Academy at the age of 11. On 9 July 1668 he took his religious vows at St. Cyril's Monastery in Kyiv and was given the monastic name of Demetrius (after Saint Demetrius of Thessalonika). After a brief period in Chernihiv, Demetrius went to venerate the Byzantine Slavic Christian shrines of Belarus (at the time property of the Byzantine Rite Belarusian and Ukrainian Catholic metropolitans of the Uniate churches), still located in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth at that time. In 1678 he returned from Vilno to Baturyn and settled at the court of the hetman Ivan Samoylovych.

During the 1680s, Demetrius lived mostly at the Kyiv Pechersk Lavra, while his sermons against hard drinking and lax morals made his name known all over Russia. He was appointed hegumen (superior) of several major monasteries of Ukraine, but concentrated his attention upon the ambitious project of integrating all the lives of Russian saints into a single work, which he published as Monthly Readings (Четьи-минеи) or Menologion in 1684-1705. He also found time to study ecclesiastical history of the Russian Orthodox Church.

Statue of Demetrius of Rostov in front of the Rostov-on-Don cathedral.

In 1701 Demetrius was appointed Metropolitan of Siberia but, pleading ill health, preferred to stay in Moscow until he was invested with the archbishopric of Rostov. During his life in Russia, Demetrius opposed both the Old Believers' and Peter the Great's ecclesiastical policies, gradually drifting towards the party of Eudoxia Lopukhina and Tsarevich Alexis. Shortly before his death he forged a document to undermine the Old Believers by portraying them as adherents of heresy. He also made invaluable contributions to the Russian education, opening a school and a small theatre in Rostov, where his own plays could be staged.

Demetrius was also active as a composer, although his musical education is undocumented aside from the standard music curriculum established by Feofan Prokopovich at the Kyiv-Mohyla Academy. Many of his Penitential Psalms achieved wide circulation, not only in the Ukraine but in the Balkans too, and many have become an integral part of Ukrainian folk-song tradition through the kobzari, itinerant blind singers.

Demetrius is credited as composer or compiler of the first Russian opera, the six-hour-long Rostov Mysteries of 1705. Though this has been staged, notably by Boris Pokrovsky's Moscow Chamber Musical Theatre, in Moscow and at the Brighton Festival (1993), it may best be judged an oratorio on the lives of Russian saints. Its basis is the "Cheti-Minei" (Четьи-Минеи), published in four volumes in 1689, 1690, 1700 and 1705[4] — the same source that inspired Pushkin in 1825 to write Boris Godunov.

Upon Demetrius' death, on 28 October 1709, his relics were placed at St. Jacob's Monastery, which his followers would rebuild as Demetrius' shrine. A fortress on the Don River was named after him; today it is known as Rostov-on-the-Don.

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  Saint Demetrius of Rostov (18th-century painting from the Museum of Ukrainian Art in Kyiv).
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  Church of St. Demetrius in Rostov (photo 1913).
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  Reliquary with Dmitry's remains (photo 1913).
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  Crozier of Demetrius of Rostov (photo 1913).

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary (in Russian). 1906. {{cite encyclopedia}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)

Wikisource has original works by or about:
Dimitry of Rostov

• Chrysostom Press Translations of St Demetrius' Lives of the Saints
• Repose of St Demetrius, Metropolitan of Rostov Orthodox icon and synaxarion
• Works by Demetrius of Rostov at LibriVox (public domain audiobooks)
• Uncovering of the relics of St Demetrius the Metropolitan of Rostov icon and synaxarion
• Prelate Demetrius of Rostov www.fatheralexander.org