Robert Keith Leavitt

Robert Keith Leavitt (1895–1967) was a Harvard-educated New York City advertising copywriter who turned to non-fiction writing. He was the author of many books, including a history of Webster's Dictionary and "The Chip on Grandma's Shoulder" (1954.) 'Bob' Leavitt was also the longtime historian of the original The Baker Street Irregulars, devoted to all things Holmesian, about which he wrote in his "The Origins of 221B Worship."[1]

Sherlock Holmes statue, Edinburgh, Scotland. Bob Leavitt, longtime historian, Baker Street Irregulars

Background

Leavitt was born on August 20, 1895, in Cambridge, Massachusetts, to Dr. Robert Greenleaf Leavitt, a Harvard-trained botanist, researcher, author and later college and high school teacher, and his wife Janet.[2] Dubbed "the fiscal Holmes" by another member of the Baker Street Irregulars,[3] Robert Keith Leavitt showed an early aptitude for ferreting out information. He attended the State Model School in Trenton, New Jersey, where his father was teaching, and graduated from Harvard College in 1917. Shortly afterwards, Leavitt joined the armed forces as 2nd Lieutenant in the 302nd Infantry, where he commanded the Prisoners of War Escort Company 223, with custody of 425 German prisoners.[4]

After the war Leavitt returned home, and found work writing copy for a New York City advertising agency. He spent 13 years in advertising, including a stint as Secretary-Treasurer of the Association of National Advertisers, before turning to a career as a freelance writer. From the beginning Leavitt focused on historical, offbeat subjects. He wrote for a range of publications, including a 1933 article for Business Week – during the height of the Depression – on What we shall sell when the upturn comes – and to whom? [5] Leavitt sold articles to many publications, including Forum and Century, Advertising and Selling, The American Magazine, Forbes and others. In 1946 he wrote a 66-page booklet entitled Your Pay Envelope – and how it gets that way. To make ends meet, Leavitt wrote corporate histories, including that of the Pennsylvania Salt Manufacturing Company, and he wrote for publications of the Great Northern Railway. The former copywriter also continued to dabble in advertising and public relations.

The corporate biographies Leavitt wrote to garner a paycheck included titles like Prologue to Tomorrow: A History of the First Hundred Years in the Life of the Pennsylvania Salt Manufacturing Company (1950); Goods Roads about the General Motors Overseas operations (1949); Foundation for the Future: History of the Stanley Works for Stanley Tools (1951); and 1954's Life at Tung-Sol 1904–1954: An Informal Story of the First Half-century of Tung-Sol Electric Inc. Leavitt also found time to produce books on lighter subjects, notably The Chip on Grandma's Shoulder, a memoir about his Maine grandmother Susan C. (Blazo) Keith,[6] published by J. B. Lippincott in 1954, and Common Sense About Fund Raising (Stratford Press, 1949).

But the book for which Leavitt is remembered is Noah's Ark, New England Yankees, and the Endless Quest: A Short History of the Original Webster Dictionaries, with Particular Reference to Their First Hundred Years as Publications of G. & C. Merriam Company. Although a corporate history—published by G. & C. Merriam Company of Springfield, Massachusetts, in 1947 -- Noah's Ark explores the history of Noah Webster and his competitor Joseph Emerson Worcester. The book's first half examines Webster's life and lexicography; the second half etches the "War of the Dictionaries", the struggle for supremacy between Webster's and his competitor Worcester's dictionaries. Leavitt laid out the history of Webster's publishing house after its eponymous title was sold to the Merriam family (today's Merriam-Webster).[7]

In Noah's Ark Leavitt plumbed the shoals of international lexicography and usage. "In considering the influence of Webster's American Dictionary outside the United States", writes David Micklethwait in Noah Webster and the American Dictionary, "Leavitt says that Webster was 'increasingly the arbiter of definitions in British life', until the appearance of John Ogilvie's Imperial Dictionary in 1850, 'itself largely indebted to the American source.'"[8] Leavitt's work remains the definitive history of Noah Webster and his legacy.[9]

When not writing articles and books, Leavitt indulged his passion for Sherlock Holmes, helping found, with his friend Christopher Morley, The Baker Street Irregulars, an informal group of Arthur Conan Doyle devotees. Records do not reflect when the author's affinity for Sherlock Holmes began, but his works show he was a close reader of Sir Arthur Conan Doyle's oeuvre.[10] It was in Leavitt's writings as historian of the Irregulars that he seemed most at home, his imagination prowling Arthur Conan Doyle's intricate plots, sniffing for clues about the Scottish-born author and his fictional sleuth. In an article entitled Annie Oakley in Baker Street, for instance, Leavitt examined Sherlock Holmes's choice of handgun: Leavitt theorized from Doyle's description that Holmes's sidearm was a Webley Metropolitan Police Model, with 2+1⁄2-inch barrel – the smallest handgun available, and subject to concealment without a holster.[11]

The voracious Leavitt mined Holmes's adventures for monographs of his own. He authored The Curious Matter of the Anonymous Latin Epitaph, The Cardboard Box and others. In an essay in The Baker Street Journal, the Baker Street Irregulars's periodical,[12] Leavitt thought fit to question the marksmanship of the revered detective. In Annie Oakley in Baker Street, Leavitt claimed that Dr. Watson's revolver shot had toppled the villain Tonga from the deck of the Aurora into the River Thames, and not Holmes's. In another piece Leavitt explored the hazy question of whether Dr. John Watson had remarried.[13] Leavitt was a frequent contributor to The Baker Street Journal, published by Ben Abramson, proprietor of Manhattan's Argus Book Shop and a Holmes aficionado, who published musings of the best-known Sherlockians.

Within the close-knit Irregulars, Leavitt was known for his expertise in ballistics,[14] optics and finances, sometimes combining them to examine the deeds of Conan Doyle's legendary hero.

When not writing about Holmes, Leavitt chose the company of friends like fellow Baker Street Irregulars Christopher Morley and Elmer Davis,[15] as well as other writers, reporters, advertising men and artists of the day.

Leavitt had one brother, Russell Greenleaf Leavitt, who graduated from Harvard College in 1917, and who subsequently received a deferment from the military for poor eyesight. But Russell Leavitt joined the U.S. Navy and eventually wangled an assignment driving an ambulance for the U.S. Army Ambulance Corps during the First World War.[16] Russell Leavitt drove his ambulance on the front lines for 11 months, piloting his vehicle at Verdun and Flanders, and eventually serving in the Chemical Warfare Service Laboratory at Paris.[17]

In a piece called The Christmas Miracle, Bob Leavitt recalled tramping through the small Massachusetts town of Stoughton on Christmas Eve at age six with his father Robert and brother Russell, searching for a Christmas tree. Leavitt's father stopped periodically and cut several tiny balsam seedlings. "Our father was a botanist Ph.D., given to plucking all manner of specimens wherever we walked, with the offhand explanation, 'A fine Tsuga canadensis, or whatever it was," Leavitt wrote. 'By nightfall we had forgotten all about the walk." At home that evening, wondering about their tree, the two boys were shown a jar of earth devoid of plant life. If they sang 'O Little Town of Bethlehem' particularly well, their mother told them, the trees might grow.

The youngsters left the room, and began to sing. When they looked again, the seedlings had grown a foot. They repaired to the other room and sang some more. When they came back, the trees had grown again. "We went out and tried harder on that song," wrote Leavitt, "and when we re-entered the sitting room, the Tree had grown to perhaps a foot or so in height.... We went out and tried harder on that song. And sure enough this Time the tree was taller than either boy.... To this day I cannot hear 'O Little Town of Bethlehem,' from however cracked a curbside organ, without hearing through and beyond it the clear, true voice of my mother."[18]

Bob Leavitt died at Scarsdale, New York, in 1967. He was 72. His botanist father had died in 1942 while walking in Parsonsfield, Maine. His mother, Janet (Shumway) Leavitt, died of pneumonia in 1902 when Leavitt was seven.

Quotes

"People don't ask for facts in making up their minds. They would rather have one good soul-satisfying emotion than a dozen facts."

—Robert Keith Leavitt, Voyages and Discoveries, 1939[19]

See also

References
  1. The Origin of 221B Worship, Sherlock Holmes by Gas-lamp: Highlights from the First Four Decades of the Baker Street Journal, Philip A. Shreffler, Fordham University Press, 1989 ISBN 0-8232-1221-1 ISBN 978-0-8232-1221-7
  2. Secretary's Report, Harvard College Class of 1889, No. IV, Edward W. Wheeler, Cambridge, Mass., 1901
  3. Irregular Records of the Early 'forties: An Archival History of the Baker Street Irregulars, page 22, January 1941-March 1944, Jon L. Lellenberg, Edgar Wadsworth Smith, Baker Street Irregulars, Jon L. Lellenberg, Edgar Wadsworth Smith, Published by Baker Street Irregulars, 1991
  4. Thirtieth Anniversary, Harvard College Class of 1889, Eighth Report of the Class Secretary, June 1919
  5. Business Week magazine, 1933, page 27, McGraw Hill, New York
  6. A Letter from East Stoughton, Stoughton Historical Society, stoughtonhistory.com
  7. Noah Webster and the American Dictionary, David Micklethwait, Published by McFarland, 2005 ISBN 0-7864-2157-6 ISBN 978-0-7864-2157-2
  8. Noah Webster and the American Dictionary, David Micklethwait, Published by McFarland, 2005 ISBN 0-7864-2157-6 ISBN 978-0-7864-2157-2
  9. After the Revolution: Profiles of Early American Culture, Joseph J. Ellis, W. W. Norton & Company, 2002 ISBN 0-393-32233-5 ISBN 978-0-393-32233-0
  10. Robert Keith Leavitt in Morley's Studio, Photo, The Standard Doyle Company: Christopher Morley on Sherlock Holmes, Christopher Morley, Steven Rothman, Fordham University Press, 1990 ISBN 0-8232-1292-0 ISBN 978-0-8232-1292-7
  11. Ms. Holmes of Baker Street: The Truth about Sherlock, C. Alan Bradley, William Antony S. Sarjeant, University of Alberta, 2004 ISBN 0-88864-415-9 ISBN 978-0-88864-415-2
  12. The Baker Street Irregulars began publishing The Baker Street Journal, "an irregular quarterly of Sherlockiana", in 1946.
  13. In Bed with Sherlock Holmes: Sexual Elements in Arthur Conan Doyle's Stories of the Great Detective, Christopher Redmond, Published by Dundurn Press Ltd., 1984 ISBN 0-88924-142-2 ISBN 978-0-88924-142-8
  14. The Standard Doyle Company: Christopher Morley on Sherlock Holmes, by Christopher Morley, Steven Rothman, Fordham University Press, 1990 ISBN 0-8232-1292-0 ISBN 978-0-8232-1292-7
  15. Don't Let Them Scare You: The Life and Times of Elmer Davis, by Roger Burlingame, published by Lippincott, 1961, p.10
  16. Harvard Alumni Bulletin, Vol. XX, Number 1, Harvard Alumni Association, Harvard Bulletin Inc., Boston, Mass., 1917
  17. Harvard College Class of 1889, Thirtieth Anniversary, 1889-1919, Eighth Report of the Class Secretary, June, 1919
  18. The Christmas Miracle, Robert Keith Leavitt, Christmas: A Time for Family, Lois L. Kaufman, Illustrated by Barbara Chiantia, Peter Pauper Press, Inc., 1998 ISBN 0-88088-403-7 ISBN 978-0-88088-403-7
  19. Dictionary of Quotations in Communications, Lilless McPherson Shilling, Linda K. Fuller, Greenwood Publishing Group, 1997 ISBN 0-313-30430-0 ISBN 978-0-313-30430-9

Further reading
  • Noah's Ark, New England Yankees, and the Endless Quest: A Short History of the Original Webster Dictionaries, with Particular Reference to Their First Hundred Years as Publications of G. & C. Merriam Company, Robert Keith Leavitt, Noah Webster, Published by G. & C. Merriam Co., Springfield, Mass., 1947
  • The Chip on Grandma's Shoulder, Robert Keith Leavitt, Published by Lippincott, Philadelphia, Penn., 1954
  • Common Sense about Fund Raising, Robert Keith Leavitt, Published by Stratford Press, New York, 1949
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