Riserva Naturale di Monte Salviano

The Riserva Naturale di Monte Salviano or Riserva naturale guidata Monte Salviano is a nature reserve in Abruzzo, Italy, established in 1999.[1] It lies in the territory of the comune (municipality) of Avezzano, in the Province of L'Aquila. The reserve is named after Monte Salviano, a massif that extends northwest to southwest dividing the Fucine basin from the Palentine Plains, in the Marsica sub-region.

Riserva Naturale di Monte Salviano
Riserva naturale guidata Monte Salviano
View from Monte Salviano
Map showing the location of Riserva Naturale di Monte Salviano
Map showing the location of Riserva Naturale di Monte Salviano
Location of the nature reserve
LocationProvince of L'Aquila, Abruzzo, Italy
Nearest cityAvezzano
Coordinates42°00′50.7″N 13°24′14.2″E
Area722 ha (1,780 acres)
Governing bodyMunicipality of Avezzano
Websiteriservamontesalviano.it

History and description
Information signs at the entrance in the Via dei Marsi (Marsi Road)
Panoramic binoculars along the Via Crucis

The reserve, formerly a peri-urban park, comprises an area of about 722 hectares (1,780 acres), entirely situated in the territory of the municipality of Avezzano, Abruzzo.[3] It was strongly wanted and created thanks to the commitment of the association "Il Salviano", of the project inventor and co-ordinator Sergio Rozzi and of a group of ecologists devoted to this project starting from the 1960s. It became a concrete reality in 1993 with the creation of the Salviano Peri-Urban Park, which since 1999 has been officially recognized by the Region of Abruzzo as the Riserva naturale guidata del monte Salviano.[4][5]

A site of community importance,[6] the reserve has been managed since 2007 by the association Ambiente e/è Vita Abruzzo ("Environment and/is Life Abruzzo"), together with the municipality of Avezzano.

In 2010, the municipality enlarged the protected area by identifying an outer, lessened protection strip of about 800 hectares (2,000 acres) comprised between the Fucine basin and the Palentine Plains, established with the purpose of protecting the environmental, historical and cultural aspects of the whole area, including the Tunnels of Claudius, the Cave of Ciccio Felice, the river park of the Inlet, some zones and structures of the former Avezzano sugar mill and the Rafia Torrent (or La Raffia) near Cese dei Marsi.[7]

The pinewood represents the most characterized area of Monte Salviano, especially along the route leading to the Sanctuary of the Madonna di Pietraquaria. In 1916, the first pines were planted by the prisoners of war of the Austro-Hungarian concentration camp established north of Avezzano after the 1915 earthquake and during the Great War. In the summer of 1993, part of the territory was hit by a violent fire which almost completely destroyed its vegetation, mostly made up by black pines. Among the animals living in the protected area, the squirrel (the nature reserve symbol[8]), the badger, the fox, the polecat, the weasel, the hare, the griffon and several chaffinches can also be found.[9]

The sanctuary devoted to the Madonna di Pietraquaria and situated at 1,000 metres (3,300 ft) MSL is known for the miraculous image which is venerated there.

On the slopes of Monte Salviano, in a protected area, the memorial of the 1915 earthquake rises, also devoted to the youths that, having survived the earthquake, died on the front of World War I. The obelisk of the memorial was built by artist Pasquale Di Fabio in 1965. A shelter for the recovery of the protected species of ill or wounded wild animals, coming from Abruzzo mountains, is housed in a two-hectare (five-acre) land located behind the sanctuary on the slopes of Monte Cimarani. The centre of protected species shows two watering places, two mangers and a shelter.[10]

The Crocione

On the eastern side sloping down to the Fucine plain south Avezzano, the entrances to the Tunnels of Claudius are visible, whose first construction traces back to the 1st century AD. The work features the underground emissary that pierces the mountain belly as far as the intersection with the Liri River, under the old town of Capistrello and through the service tunnels which allowed to drain and reclaim the Fucine area through the water drainage beyond the mountain. In 1877, firstly thanks to the enlargement of the Roman emissary, banker Alessandro Torlonia made it possible the definitive and full draining of the Fucine plateau.[11][12] Since 1977, the tunnel area has been equipped with an archaeological park with the purpose of protecting and exploiting them.[13]

Trail of Monte Salviano

A trail in the heart of the reserve was dedicated by the Avezzano Scout Group to Lord Baden Powell. Not far from there rises the Crocione (in Italian literally "Big Cross"), a giant wooden cross placed among the trees in 1902. In May 2006, with its blessing, a long and complex restoration phase ended.[14]

The Salviano mountain area on the western side sloping down to Capistrello was at the centre of the event of the Massacre of the 33 Martyrs, who during World War II were caught on the mountain slopes and subsequently shot by German troops.[15]

Theatre of Germination

In 2000, the work entitled Theatre of Germination (Italian: Teatro della Germinazione), a sculpture by artist Pietro Cascella, was installed on the pass. The work, built in 1998 with Carrara and partly Majella stone, was initially conceived to be exhibited in the National Park of Abruzzo, Lazio and Molise. After being placed for a couple of years in some Pescasseroli storehouses waiting to be assembled, it was placed on the Monte Salviano pass thanks to the Avezzano mayor, Mario Spallone, and the park manager, Franco Tassi. After visiting the pass, Tassi and Cascella gave their assent for the definitive exhibition of the work.

The sculpture is made up of a central, spherical-shaped high relief depicting an egg surrounded by water, and four panels positioned in a circle with the celestial sphere and other associated elements in the centre. Germination represents the creation of nature and man in a metaphorical sense.[16]

The Pilgrim's House

Not far from the Sanctuary of the Madonna di Pietraquaria, near the former stone bar, the cultural centre named "Pilgrim's House" (Italian: Casa del Pellegrino) was set up, where the photographs of local fauna and mountain herbs, plants and fruits are exhibited. Here meetings and conferences on environmental problems, needs and proposals take place.[17]

The Marsi Road

Near the pass a panoramic route departs that climbs up the "Marsi Road" (Italian: Via dei Marsi), an ancient trail already existing in the Pre-Roman Age which is part of the E1 European long distance path and connects Monte Salviano, through the Cunicella route (939 metres (3,081 ft) MSL) and the Lucus Angitiae wood, to the Abruzzo National Park.[18] The project related to the trail, named "The Marsi Road: the Marsican Green Thorn (An Environmental, Historical, Cultural, Religious, and Tourist Route)" (Italian: La via dei Marsi: la spina verde marsicana (Itinerario ambientale, storico, culturale, religioso e turistico)), obtained the important, special mention ERCI team Onlus on the occasion of the "Landscape Prize 2012-2013" established by the Council of Europe.[19][20]

The caves

At a short distance from the entrances to the Tunnels of Claudius the Cave of Ciccio Felice opens, which was explored for the first time in 1948 by Piero Barocelli together with Antonio Mario Radmilli. Diggings and research allowed to reconstruct the habits of the populations from the Upper Paleolithic and the subsequent historical periods who inhabited them.[21] Nearby are the Afra and La Difesa Caves.

Instead, between the territories of Cese dei Marsi and Cappelle dei Marsi, on the eastern side of the Monte Salviano range (Monte d'Aria, Monte Cimarani and Monte San Felice), are the Palentine Caves. They are small caves used by shepherds and, during World War II, as a hideout by the Italian partisans and Allied prisoners escaped from Abruzzese concentration camps.[22]

Biology and ecology

Flora

In spring the sunny valleys and ridges are covered with the yellow flowers of the Jerusalem sage (known as salvione in Italian) which, being present in abundance, characterizes the whole mountainous territory. Sage, mountain cornflower, juniper, lady orchid, dog rose, common laburnum, Marsican lady's mantle and Iris marsica can also be observed.

The rich biodiversity of dendroflora features black pines, chestnuts, downy oaks and other spontaneous autochthonous species typical of the reserve woods. In the summer of 1993 a fire seriously damaged the floro-faunistic heritage. The slow ecological restoration, carried out through the reforestation of autochthonous and indigenous species and favouring the process of spontaneous renaturalization, consolidated the Monte Salviano ecosystem.[23]

Fauna

See also

Note
  1. "Regional Law 23 December 1999, no. 134" (in Italian). Regione Abruzzo.
  2. "Scrigno di biodiversità". Tesoridabruzzo.com.
  3. "Riserva Naturale Regionale del Monte Salviano". www.parks.it. Retrieved 11 September 2016.
  4. "Riserva Naturale Regionale Guidata Monte Salviano" (in Italian). Sergio Rozzi. Archived from the original on 19 March 2016.
  5. "Valorizzazione ambientale ed economica per il parco attrezzato del Salviano". Provinciaoggi (in Italian). L'Aquila. pp. 19–25.
  6. "Sito di interesse comunitario" (in Italian). riservamontesalviano.it. Retrieved 26 October 2016.
  7. Pietro Guida (2 October 2010). "Ampliati i confini del Salviano" (in Italian). Il Centro. Retrieved 16 August 2018.
  8. "Riserva il progetto Silvano lo scoiattolo del Salviano" (in Italian). Marsica Live. Retrieved 6 September 2016.
  9. "Riserva naturale guidata del monte Salviano" (in Italian). Agraria.org. Retrieved 23 November 2018.
  10. "Il centro delle specie protette" (in Italian). Marsica Live. Retrieved 29 September 2015.
  11. "Cunicoli di Claudio" (in Italian). Regione Abruzzo. Retrieved 19 May 2017.
  12. "Dalla Riserva Monte Salviano ai progetti di biodiversità del Perù" (in Italian). Fausta Crescia e Fernando Di Fabrizio - Cogecstre. Retrieved 23 November 2018.
  13. "L'Emissario romano" (in Italian). Terre Marsicane. 18 October 2011. Archived from the original on 25 October 2016. Retrieved 5 July 2016.
  14. "Il libro del Crocione" (PDF) (in Italian). SOMS AZ. Retrieved 23 November 2018.
  15. Antonella Venditti (18 October 2011). "Memorie di Quirino Stati, capo partigiano di Capistrello" (in Italian). Terre Marsicane. Archived from the original on 3 October 2016. Retrieved 27 September 2016.
  16. Filippo Fabrizi (2010). "Speciale approfondimento: intervista al pittore Marcello Ercole". A2 (in Italian).
  17. "Casa del Pellegrino" (in Italian). riservamontesalviano.it. Retrieved 23 April 2018.
  18. "La Via dei Marsi" (PDF) (in Italian). Centro sportivo educativo nazionale. Retrieved 10 July 2017.
  19. "Progetto La Via dei Marsi: La Spina Verde Marsicana" (in Italian). CSEN Centro Sportivo Educativo Nazionale. Retrieved 29 September 2015.
  20. "Articoli su "La Via dei Marsi"" (in Italian). Erciteam.it. Retrieved 15 April 2016.
  21. Giuseppe Grossi. "Dal paleolitico all'età del bronzo" (in Italian). Comune di Avezzano. Retrieved 27 December 2017.
  22. "Grotte Palentine e la via del latte. Percorso storico-naturalistico" (in Italian). Marsica Live. 26 December 2017. Retrieved 27 December 2017.
  23. "Piano di Assetto Naturalistico (2010)" (PDF) (in Italian). Sergio Rozzi. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 October 2015. Retrieved 27 July 2015.
  24. "Avifauna Salviano" (in Italian). riservamontesalviano.it. Retrieved 22 August 2016.
  25. "Mammiferi del Salviano" (in Italian). riservamontesalviano.it. Retrieved 22 August 2016.
  26. "Orsetto avvistato sul Monte Salviano, nessuna traccia trovata dai Biologi ma la riserva esulta" (in Italian). Marsica Live. 14 April 2017. Retrieved 10 July 2017.
  27. "Weitere Informationen" (in German). lepiforum.de. Retrieved 4 January 2017.
  28. "Invertebrati" (in Italian). riservamontesalviano.it. Retrieved 4 January 2016.
  29. Franco Tassi (6 November 1997). "Hesperia (Sloperia) proto". Progetto Biodiversità (in Italian). Penne: Centro Parchi - Cogecstre edizioni. p. 1.
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