Rice noodles

Rice noodles, or simply rice noodle, are noodles made with rice flour and water as the principal ingredients. Sometimes ingredients such as tapioca or corn starch are added in order to improve the transparency or increase the gelatinous and chewy texture of the noodles. Rice noodles are most common in the cuisines of China, India and Southeast Asia. They are available fresh, frozen, or dried, in various shapes, thicknesses and textures. Fresh noodles are also highly perishable; their shelf life may be just several days.

Look up rice noodle in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Rice noodles
Thin rice noodles in dried form
TypeNoodle
Place of originChina
Region or stateEast Asia and Southeast Asia
Main ingredientsRice flour, water
VariationsBánh canh, bánh phở, khanom chin, kuān tiáo, lai fun, mixian, rice vermicelli, sevai, shahe fen
A rice noodle dish in a pan

History

The origin of rice noodles dates back to China during the Qin dynasty when people from northern China invaded the south. Due to climatic conditions, the northern Chinese have traditionally preferred wheat and millet which grew in cold weather while the southern Chinese preferred rice which grew in hot weather. Noodles are traditionally made out of wheat and eaten throughout northern China so to adapt, northern cooks tried to prepare "noodles" using rice, thus inventing rice noodles. Over time rice noodles and their processing methods have been introduced around the world, becoming especially popular in Southeast Asia.[1] In India, idi-appam, strings of cooked rice, was known in ancient Tamil country around 1st century AD, as per references in the Sangam literature, according to food historian K. T. Achaya.[2]

The shelf life may be extended by drying and removing its moisture content. Studies of drying rice noodles were conducted by the International Food Research Journal.[3]

Varieties
See also: Chinese rice noodle types, Thai rice noodle types, Vietnamese noodle types, and Burmese noodle types

Round thick varieties
  • Bánh canh – thick Vietnamese noodles. The Vietnamese word bánh refers to items such as noodles or cakes that are made from flour, and canh means "soup."
  • Lai fun – a short and thick variety of Chinese noodles, also referred to as bánh canh by Vietnamese
  • Nan gyi – large thick round rice noodles used in Burma
  • Nan lat – medium thick round rice noodles used in Burma[4]
  • Silver needle noodles – a variety of Chinese noodles. It is short, about 5 cm long and 5 mm in diameter. Similar to Lai Fun but has a tapering end resembling a rat's tail. More commonly known as silver needle noodle in Hong Kong and Taiwan, and rat noodle or "mouse tail noodles" in Malaysia and Singapore and Locupan in Indonesia. They are also known as pin noodles.[5] In Thailand they are known as Giam Ee noodles.[6]

Flat thick varieties
  • Bánh phở – thick fresh rice noodle used in popular Vietnamese phở noodle soups.
  • Shahe fen/chao fen/chow fun – wide chinese noodles. Also known as shahe fen / he fen (Mandarin), ho fun, hofoen, hor fun, sar hor fun, etc (Cantonese), kway teow, (literally "ricecake strips" in Minnan Chinese) or Sen Yai
  • Migan – type of rice noodle from the Dai people, a Tai cultural group from Yunnan Province, China. It is made from ordinary non-glutinous rice. It is primarily defined by its relatively broad and flat shape
  • Juanfen – similar to Migan
  • Sen lek – narrow flat rice noodle in Thailand[7] Used in such dishes as pad thai, Sukhothai rice noodles and in noodle soups. Its full name would be kuaitiao sen lek
  • Nan byar – flat rice noodles used in Burma[8] byar/pyar means flat.[9]
  • San see – sticky flat rice noodles from Shan State of Burma[10]
  • Guay jub / kuay jab / kuai chap – Thai rolled rice chips or rice flake sheets[6][11]

Thin varieties
  • Khanom chin – fresh, thin rice noodles in Thai cuisine which are made from rice sometimes fermented for three days, boiled, and then made into noodles by extruding the resulting dough through a sieve into boiling water. Burmese mont bat (မုန့်ဖတ်) or mont di (မုန့်တီ), are similar to this.
  • Rice vermicelli – thin strips, sometimes referred to as rice sticks. Also known as bí-hún, bīfun, bíjon or bihon, bee hoon, bihun, num banh chok, bún, mee hoon, Sevai and Sen Mee

Others
  • Mixian – a type of rice noodle from the Yunnan Province, China, made from ordinary non-glutinous rice. In many areas there are at least two distinct thicknesses produced, a thinner form (roughly 1.5 mm or 0.059 inches in diameter) and a thicker form (roughly 3.5–4 mm or 0.14–0.16 inches in diameter).

Pasta made from brown rice flour is also available (in health food stores in Western nations) as an alternative to wheat flour-based noodles for individuals who react poorly to gluten.

Dishes
Closeup of pad thai, a Thai dish made from rice noodles
Boiled rice noodles
Rice noodles in coconut milk on a plaintain leaf, with jackfruit masala.
Curry rice noodles served at a hotel in Kajang, Malaysia. The curry noodles contain fish balls, red chillies, mung bean sprouts, tofu, star anise, and cloves.

Burmese

Cambodian

Chinese

Filipino

Indonesian

Lao

Malaysian

South Indian/Sri Lankan

Singapore

Thai

Vietnamese

See also

References
  1. Liu, Y.L. (2010). Processing technology of rice and its products. China: China Light Industry Press. pp. 84–85.
  2. K. T. Achaya (November 2003). The Story of Our Food. Universities Press. p. 80. ISBN 81-7371-293-X.
  3. Ismail, M.H.; Law, C.L.; Hii, C.L. (December 2016). "Transparency phenomena of flat-rice noodles (kuew teow) at drying at soaking variation" (PDF). International Food Research Journal. 23 (Suppl): S195–S202. Retrieved 26 June 2018 – via www.ifrj.upm.edu.my.
  4. "Epic Guide to Delicious Local Foods in Mandalay". 7 March 2019.
  5. "pin rice noodles".
  6. "All About Noodles, Sen Guay Tiew – Thai Noodles for the Beginner Episode I".
  7. "Types of noodles in Thailand". 10 October 2016.
  8. "A Burmese Food Pop-Up Hyde-ing In Plain Sight In My Own 'Hood At Jonas On Hyde". 19 March 2014.
  9. Aye, Mimi (13 June 2019). nan-byar-ghi-thoke meaning. ISBN 9781472959508.
  10. "Burmese Food Primer: Essential Dishes To Eat In Myanmar". 22 February 2017.
  11. "Thai Rice Flakes or Rolled Noodles in Five Spice Broth, Guay Jub Nam Kon – Thai Noodles for Beginner Episode VI".
  12. "MYANMAR FRIED STIR NOODLES KYAR ZAN KYAW RECIPE". 23 July 2020.
  13. "Making "kyar san kyaw" Stir-fried Vermicelli". 25 June 2020.
  14. "Shan Khauk Swè". 10 July 2017.
  15. "BEST BURMESE FOOD: WHAT TO EAT IN MYANMAR". 6 January 2017.
  16. "THROUGH TIME & PLACE WITH A BOWL OF NOODLES".
  17. "Eating in Burma".
  18. "21 Most Popular Burmese Foods To Fall In Love With 2022". 4 March 2022.
  19. "Kua Mee (Pad Lao)". 16 May 2021.
  20. "Khua Mee (Fried & Caramelised Rice Noodles)". 30 June 2021.
  21. "KUA MEE". 29 January 2018.
  22. "String Hoppers".
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