R v Bryan

Justice Bastarache pointed to the Supreme Court case Harper v. Canada (Attorney General) (2004), which had also considered the Canada Elections Act. The Harper decision stated that the Court should be deferential to the government with respect to election legislation,[7] and that the Court should consider the context of the law, citing Thomson Newspapers Co. v. Canada (Attorney General) (1998) to say that this involves considering why someone guarded by the law is at risk and why someone would perceive oneself to be at risk.[8] In this case, Bastarache found the purpose of section 329 was to promote the idea of each voter in Canada knowing as much as each other, as it may be unfair if some voters already know election results in other ridings while earlier voters do not know of any outcomes. This idea of section 329 would also build public trust in elections.[9] Bastarache felt that voters aware of some results may base their own choices on that knowledge,[10] and Bastarache recognized without demand for much proof that it is a principle of democracy that a person cannot base their choice in voting on special knowledge.[11] In this case, Bastarache did not really emphasize the idea that Canadian voters from Western Canada were at risk of being swayed by special knowledge, saying that Canadian voters should be trusted to have some "maturity and intelligence."[12] Instead, Bastarache said what was at stake was the view that Canadian elections are fair, and pointed to polls to reinforce this idea.[13]

On the topic of freedom of expression, Bastarache questioned the value of spreading election results, and said that there was no evidence this could outweigh the principles of democracy of section 329.[14] On whether a violation of freedom of expression could be justified under section 1 of the Charter, Bastarache found that fairness in elections should be a sufficient objective of the law,[15] as should building public trust in elections.[16] Additionally, banning the publishing of election results was needed to achieve this objective, and Parliament considered this to be the best method.[17]

Justice Fish states election results from other ridings should not be published in a riding before its polls close so voters can vote without knowing how other voters have voted.[18] Fish says section 329 of the Canada Elections Act does violate section 2(b) of the Charter of Rights for a short while,[19] but section 329 is constitutional because it "relates to a pressing and substantial concern in a free and democratic society",[20] thus satisfying one part of section 1 of the Charter[20] which can limit the rights of Canadians. Section 329 is also constitutional because according to Fish, the court is dealing with "an important element of Canada’s electoral system"[21] so section 1 of the Charter of Rights can be invoked. Fish refers to both a Royal Commission on Electoral Reform and Party Financing publication[21][22] and a 2005 joint Decima Research-Carleton University Poll;[23] both state Canadians do not want to know election results before their polls close. Fish believes even if there is no harm in releasing results early, the information release would create a "perception" of unfairness, which in itself is a problem.[24]