Public Health Doctor

Public Health Doctor(Korean: 공중보건의사, 公衆保健醫師) is a service system under the Conscription in South Korea, it is a system that allows those who are person a Subject to Conscription with a Medical license to serve in Doctorless villages(remote islands, etc.), Public hospital or Public health centers without doctors.

Those who are Person of Subject to conscription with a medical license can Selection. The Selection of those Subject to Conscription with a Medical license or In the case of some medical officer candidates, there is no military doctor quota, and they are selected if necessary for private Public hospitals.

History
  • 1979: According to the "Act On Special Measures for Health and Medical services in Nation citizens"(국민보건의료를 위한 특별조치법)[1] enacted and promulgated on the same day as the Military Service Act revised on December 8, 1978, public health work was required for those who were included in the military register of reserve officers with qualified the Doctor from 1979. This is the beginning of a Public Health Doctor, In that year, 604 Public Health Doctors(Doctors 304, Dentists 304) were deployed to farming and fishing villages.[2]
  • December 31, 1980: Abolished the Act On Special Measures for Health and Medical services in Nation citizens, Act on the Basis for Public Health Doctors changed to the "Act On Special Measures for Health and Medical services in Agricultural and Fishing Villages"(농어촌 보건의료를 위한 특별조치법)[3]
  • 1990: Service status and Military rank in Public Health Doctor changed from Reserve officer to Supplementary private for Act on the Regulation of Special Cases of Compulsory Military Service(병역의무의 특례규제에 관한 법률)[4]

Deployed Medical facilities

Medical facilities where Public Health Doctors are deployed are as follows;[5]

  • Public Health Center, Public Hospital
    • Health center, Health Subcenter(Public Health Center, Public Health Center Branch)
    • Public Hospital which is designated by the Ministry of Health and Welfare(Hospital established and operated by the Central government, Local government or Public institution)
  • Research institute for Public Health and Medical service
  • Facilities prescribed in the Enforcement Decree of the Act[6]
    • Hospital Ship
    • A hospital that is supported by the government among private hospitals in the counties and small and medium-sized cities where it is difficult to secure doctors, and is determined by the Minister of Health and Welfare
    • Social Welfare facilities
    • Medical facilities in Detention center and Prison
    • Emergency Medical facilities

Other
  • In a Reuters article titled "South Korea's conscripted doctors feel like 'human shields' in virus battle" among Korea's related articles on COVID-19 quarantine in 2020, "South Korea's conscripted doctors" mean a Public Health Doctors.[7]
  • South Korea Public Health Doctor system violates the International Labour Organization's Forced Labour Convention as part of a system that forces qualified people to work for non-military purposes through Conscription.[8]

References
  1. Act On Special Measures for Health and Medical services in Nation citizens(Act No. 3143, December 5, 1978, Enforced January 1, 1979)
  2. 공중보건의사 배치
  3. (in Korean) Act On Special Measures for Health and Medical services in Agricultural And Fishing Villages (Act No. 3335, December 31, 1980)
  4. (in Korean) Article 2, Subparagraph 3 of Act on the Regulation of Special Cases of Compulsory Military Service(Act No. 4157, December 30, 1989, Enforced April 1, 1990): The term "Public Health Doctor" means a person qualified as a doctor or dentist among Special supplementary services and provides public health service, as prescribed by the Act on Special Measures for Health and Medical Services in Agricultural and Fishing Villages.
  5. Article 5-2 of Act on Special Measures for Health and Medical Services in Agricultural and Fishing Villages:
  6. (in Korean) Article 6-2 of Enforcement Decree of Act on Special Measures for Health and Medical Services in Agricultural and Fishing Villages
  7. Park, Ju-min (October 28, 2020). "South Korea's conscripted doctors feel like 'human shields' in virus battle". Reuters. Retrieved August 3, 2023.
  8. 전투경찰·공익요원은 ‘강제 노동자’? [Combat Police and Public Personnel is 'Forced Labour?'] (in Korean). Hankyoreh. April 5, 2005. Retrieved August 3, 2023.

See also
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