Pterygoplichthys anisitsi

Pterygoplichthys anisitsi[1][2] also known as the Paraná sailfin catfish, southern sailfin catfish, is a species of catfish in the family Loricariidae.[3] Its natural range is the middle Paraná and Uruguay River basins of south-central South America,[4] but it has been introduced to North America and South Asia, probably via the pet trade.[5][6] Like other loricariid catfishes, Pterygoplichthys anisitsi has a ventral mouth modified into a sucking disk and a body covered in bony plates.[4] The species typically has a dark and white spotted body pattern, although some individuals are very dark with few spots.[5] It reaches 55 cm (21.7 inches) in total length and can weigh up to at least 2.3 kg.[7]

Pterygoplichthys anisitsi
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Siluriformes
Family: Loricariidae
Genus: Pterygoplichthys
Species:
P. anisitsi
Binomial name
Pterygoplichthys anisitsi
Eigenmann & Kennedy, 1903
Synonyms[1]
  • Ancistrus anisitsi (Eigenmann & Kennedy, 1903)
  • Liposarcus anisitsi (Eigenmann & Kennedy, 1903)

Gas exchange and respiration

Pterygoplichthys anisitsi is capable of breathing both air and water. During nighttime or when the fish experiences a low-oxygen environment, it will swim to the surface to gulp in air.[8] When breathing air, the species uses its stomach for the diffusion of oxygen into the blood.[9]

References
  1. "Pterygoplichthys anisitsi". Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Retrieved 11 September 2021.
  2. "Pterygoplichthys anisitsi". National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Retrieved 11 September 2021.
  3. Nico, Fuller, Cannister, Neilson (4 September 2013). "Paraná Sailfin Catfish (Pterygoplichthys anisitsi)". U.S. Geological Survey, Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Database. Retrieved 10 September 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  4. WEBER, C (1992). "Révision du genre Pterygoplichthys sensu lato (Pisces, Siluriformes, Loricariidae)". Révision du genre Pterygoplichthys sensu lato (Pisces, Siluriformes, Loricariidae). 19 (1–2): 1–36. ISSN 0399-1075.
  5. Nico, Leo G.; Martin, R. Trent (March 2001). "The South American Suckermouth Armored Catfish, Pterygoplichthys anisitsi (Pisces: Loricaridae), in Texas, with Comments on Foreign Fish Introductions in the American Southwest". The Southwestern Naturalist. 46 (1): 98. doi:10.2307/3672381. JSTOR 3672381.
  6. Orfinger, Alexander Benjamin; Douglas Goodding, Daniel (2018). "The Global Invasion of the Suckermouth Armored Catfish Genus Pterygoplichthys (Siluriformes: Loricariidae): Annotated List of Species, Distributional Summary, and Assessment of Impacts". Zoological Studies. 57 (57): e7. doi:10.6620/ZS.2018.57-07. ISSN 1810-522X. PMC 6517723. PMID 31966247.
  7. Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2022). "Pterygoplichthys anisitsi". FishBase.
  8. da Cruz, André Luis; da Silva, Hugo Ribeiro; Lundstedt, Lícia Maria; Schwantes, Arno Rudi; Moraes, Gilberto; Klein, Wilfried; Fernandes, Marisa Narciso (2012-07-24). "Air-breathing behavior and physiological responses to hypoxia and air exposure in the air-breathing loricariid fish, Pterygoplichthys anisitsi". Fish Physiology and Biochemistry. 39 (2): 243–256. doi:10.1007/s10695-012-9695-0. ISSN 0920-1742. PMID 22825808. S2CID 254504653.
  9. da Cruz, André Luis; Fernandes, Marisa Narciso (December 2016). "What is the most efficient respiratory organ for the loricariid air-breathing fish Pterygoplichthys anisitsi, gills or stomach? A quantitative morphological study". Zoology. 119 (6): 526–533. doi:10.1016/j.zool.2016.08.003. ISSN 0944-2006. PMID 27618705.


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