Proto-Central Pacific language
Proto-Central Pacific (abbreviated as PCP) is the reconstructed ancestor of the Central Pacific languages. It belongs to the Oceanic branch of the Austronesian languages.
| Proto-Central Pacific | |
|---|---|
| PCP | |
| Reconstruction of | Central Pacific languages | 
| Region | Fiji | 
| Reconstructed ancestors | |
| Lower-order reconstructions | |
It was first proposed by George W. Grace in 1959,[1] who also named the subgroup in 1967.[2] It was reconstructed by C.F. Hockett in 1976.[3]
Descendants
    
Proto-Central Pacific, originally spoken by Lapita settlers in Fiji three millennia ago, separated into a dialect network, consisting of what would become a western dialect (ancestral to Rotuman and western Fijian dialects) and an eastern dialect (ancestral to eastern Fijian dialects and Proto-Polynesian). Later, the dialects that remained in Fiji converged back, eventually becoming more similar, leading to the present-day Fijian language.[4]
Phonology
    
The phonology of Proto-Central Pacific, according to Geraghty (1986),[5] are:
- Consonants - Bilabial - Dental - Alveolar - Palatal - Velar - Labiovelar - Glottal - Stop - prenasalized - *ᵐb ⟨*b⟩ - *ⁿd ⟨*d⟩, *ⁿdr ⟨*dr⟩ - *ᵑg ⟨*q⟩ - voiceless - *p ⟨*p⟩ - *t ⟨*t⟩ - *k ⟨*k⟩ - *kʷ ⟨*kw⟩ - *ʔ - Nasal - *m ⟨*m⟩ - *n ⟨*n⟩ - *ɲ ⟨*ñ⟩ - *ŋ ⟨*g⟩ - *ŋʷ ⟨*gw⟩ - Fricative - *β ⟨*v⟩ - *ð ⟨*c⟩ - *s ⟨*s⟩ - *ɟ ⟨*z⟩ - *x ⟨*x⟩ - Affricate - *t͡ʃ ⟨*j⟩ - Approximant - *l ⟨*l⟩, *r ⟨*r⟩ - *j ⟨*y⟩ - *w ⟨*w⟩ 
- Vowels - Front - Back - Close - *i ⟨*i⟩, *iː ⟨*ī⟩ - *u ⟨*u⟩, *uː ⟨*ū⟩ - Close-mid - *e ⟨*e⟩, *eː ⟨*ē⟩ - *o ⟨*o⟩, *oː ⟨*ō⟩ - Open - *a ⟨*a⟩, *aː ⟨*ā⟩ 
The orthography used is similar to that of Fijian.
Example sentence
    
From Kikusawa (2000, 167)[6]
*Na=ᵑgu
PST=1SG.GEN
tirovi=a
see=3SG
i
PRS
aku
1SG
(ʔi
LOC
na
DET
vale).
house
'I saw him (in the house).'
References
    
- Grace, George W. (1959), "The position of the Polynesian languages within the Austronesian (Malayo-Polynesian) language family", Memoir 16
- Grace, George W. (1967), The effect of heterogeneity in the lexicostatistical test list: the case of Rotuman
- Hockett, C.F. (May 1976), "The Reconstruction of Proto-Central Pacific", Anthropological Linguistics, 18 (5): 187–235
- Geraghty, Paul (1996), "Some Problems with Proto-Central Pacific", Oceanic Studies: Proceedings of the First International Conference on Oceanic Linguistics: 83–91
- Geraghty, Paul (1986), "The sound system of Proto-Central Pacific", Focal II: Papers from the Fourth International Conference on Austronesian Linguistics: 289–312
- Kikusawa, Ritsuko (2000), Reconstructing the actancy systems of Proto-Central Pacific and its daughter languages: ergativity, accusativity and their diachronic development