Prince Carlo, Duke of Castro

Prince Carlo of Bourbon-Two Sicilies, Duke of Castro (born 24 February 1963) is one of the two claimants to the headship of the former House of Bourbon-Two Sicilies.

Prince Carlo
Duke of Castro
Prince Carlo at the Pallavicini Palace, 2016
Head of the House of Bourbon-Two Sicilies (disputed)
Tenure20 March 2008 – present
PredecessorPrince Ferdinand
Heir apparentPrincess Maria Carolina
Born (1963-02-24) 24 February 1963
Saint-Raphaël, Var, France
Spouse
Camilla Crociani
​
(m. 1998)​
Issue
  • Princess Maria Carolina, Duchess of Calabria and Palermo
  • Princess Maria Chiara, Duchess of Noto and Capri
Names
Italian: Carlo Maria Bernardo Gennaro di Borbone-Due Sicilie
HouseBourbon-Two Sicilies
FatherPrince Ferdinand, Duke of Castro
MotherChantal de Chevron-Villette

Early life

Prince Carlo was born at Saint-Raphaël, Var, France, as the only son of Ferdinand, Duke of Castro, and his wife, Chantal de Chevron-Villette.

Marriage and issue

On 31 October 1998, Prince Carlo married Camilla Crociani, daughter of Italian billionaire Camillo Crociani and his second wife, Italian actress Edy Vessel. Together Carlo and Camilla have two children:

  • Princess Maria Carolina, Duchess of Calabria, Duchess of Palermo (born 2003)[1]
  • Princess Maria Chiara, Duchess of Noto, Duchess of Capri (born 2005)[2]

Claimed headship of the House of Bourbon-Two Sicilies

In 2008, Carlo succeeded to his father's claim as head of the House of the Two Sicilies and use of the title Duke of Castro. This claim is disputed by the Spanish branch of the House of the Two Sicilies. As claimant to the headship of the house, he thus also claims to be sovereign of the Sacred Military Constantinian Order of Saint George as well as the Royal Order of Francis I.

The dispute between the Castroan and Spanish branches of the family began after the death of the last uncontested head of the house, Ferdinand Pius, in 1960. By male primogeniture, the immediate male heir of Ferdinand Pius was his nephew Infante Alfonso, the son of Pius's eldest younger brother Carlos. Carlos married María de las Mercedes, Princess of Asturias, the heir presumptive of Spain, in 1901. As a result of the marriage, his family forced Carlos to renounce his "eventual succession to the crown" of the Two Sicilies, in line with the centuries-old agreement that the crowns of Spain and Two Sicilies were not to unify. Although this renunciation was interpreted by some as removing Carlos and his descendants from the line of succession of the Two Sicilies, supporters of Alfonso argued that the renunciation would only have applied if Carlos's wife or an eventual son had actually become the sovereign of Spain, which did not happen and would have most likely not happened at the time of the signing regardless. Nevertheless, Ferdinand Pius's and Carlos's younger brother, Ranieri, began to regard himself as Pius's heir. Upon Pius's death, both Ranieri and Alfonso claimed to be the legitimate heads of the family.[3]

Alfonso's line of the family (today represented by Carlo's rival claimant, Pedro) has been officially recognized as the legitimate line by the Government of Spain,[4][5] the Spanish royal house,[6] the Parmesan royal house and the Portuguese royal house, whereas Ranieri's line was recognized by a wider share of European dynasts of former monarchies (no current monarch except the king of Spain has officially stated its view on the matter), namely the Count of Paris, Umberto of Italy, Gottfried of Austria-Tuscany, the Duke of Bavaria, the Duke of Württemberg, the Duke of Aosta, the Duke of Genoa, the Duke of Hohenberg, Prince Luiz of Orléans-Braganza and Prince Michael of Greece.[7] It has been argued by some that the Counts of Paris supported the Castro line simply because their own pretence to the French throne depends entirely on the same principle of renunciation as the Act of Cannes, and so it would be against their own interest to support the Castros. The Parises, however, sidelined a branch that renounced the claim on actually ascending a foreign throne and that reigns that throne until today (Bourbons of Spain). Interestingly, most of the other outspoken supporters of the Castro line were either sons-in-law of the Count of Paris or closely related to him. Up until recently, the Italian government only legally recognized Ranieri's line, but from the 1980s onwards, awards and distinctions granted by either line's representatives have been regarded as of equal legality, after careful consideration of the official documents published in 1984 by the Ministry of Justice, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Council of State, the Royal Academy of Jurisprudence and Legislation and the Royal Academy of Heraldry and Genealogy.[8] There has nonetheless been great controversy as to the Italian government's early stance, as several public officials had been accepted into the Constantinian Order by Prince Ferdinand, Duke of Castro. When the senate agreed to revise its attitude to the dispute, it considered the Calabrian line to be the legitimate, but its verdict was eventually softened to simply recognising both branches.[8]

Honours

Dynastic

National

Foreign

In letters dated 21 July 2017, the Governor-General of Antigua and Barbuda issued notice that the Duke of Castro's 2014 appointment to the Order of the Nation had been annulled. The appointment of his wife was likewise annulled.[19] In 2020, the branch of the Constantinian Order led by Prince Carlo was alleged to have influenced the election of Patricia Scotland as Commonwealth Secretary-General, which a spokesman for the Order denied, saying "These allegations are wholly offensive and wrong".[20] It was alleged that Scotland used the Order's awards to influence votes in her favour, even though four of the five honoured national leaders had voted against her appointment.[20]

Awards

Ancestry

References
  1. "HRH Princess Maria Carolina, Duchess of Calabria and Palermo – Real Casa di Borbone delle Due Sicilie".
  2. "H.R.H. Princess Maria Chiara, Duchess of Noto and Capri – Real Casa di Borbone delle Due Sicilie".
  3. Sainty, Guy Stair (2018). The Constantinian Order of Saint George: and the Angeli, Farnese and Bourbon families which governed it. Boletín Oficial del Estado. ISBN 978-8434025066. pp. 288, 347–350
  4. Published in English in Sainty, Op. cit. 1989, pp. 134–191.
  5. The Succession to the Headship of the Two Sicilies Royal House Archived 11 October 2006 at the Wayback Machine
  6. Opfell, Olga S. (2001). Royalty Who Wait: The 21 Heads of Formerly Regnant Houses of Europe. McFarland & Company. ISBN 978-0786409013. pp. 37–38.
  7. Sainty, Guy Stair (2018). The Constantinian Order of Saint George: and the Angeli, Farnese and Bourbon families which governed it. Boletín Oficial del Estado. ISBN 978-8434025066. pp. 359–360
  8. Sainty, Guy Stair (2018). The Constantinian Order of Saint George: and the Angeli, Farnese and Bourbon families which governed it. Boletín Oficial del Estado. ISBN 978-8434025066. p. 392
  9. Constantanian.org.uk, Page in which Carlo's titles and orders are listed
  10. "Illustrious Royal Order of Saint Januarius - Sacred Military Constantinian Order of St. George". Constantinian.org.uk. 4 October 2012. Retrieved 8 June 2020.
  11. Carlo wearing the grand cross set of Januarius
  12. "Le Onorificenze". Website: Presidenza Della Repubblica (in Italian). Office of the President of the Italian Republic. 1 May 2011. Archived from the original on 30 March 2012. Retrieved 5 June 2011. BORBONE DELLE DUE SICILIE S.A.R. il Principe Carlo, Cavaliere di Gran Croce Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana, Data del conferimento: 29 July 1996. English Translation: Borbon of the Two Sicilies, H.R.H. The Prince Carlo, Knight Grand Cross in the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic, Date conferred: 29 July 1996.
  13. wearing the Necklet of malta
  14. "Address by HRH The Duke of Castro on the occasion of the conferring of the Grand Cross pro Merito Melitensi within the Special Class of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta Roma" (PDF). 5 December 2013.
  15. Real, Redazione (31 December 2013). "Duke of Castro honoured by the Order of Malta – Real Casa di Borbone delle Due Sicilie". Realcasadiborbone.it. Retrieved 8 June 2020.
  16. "H.E Charles Savarin And PM Skerrit Awarded Knight Grand Cross of Merit". News.gov.dm. 7 November 2014. Retrieved 8 June 2020.
  17. "Duke of Castro, Duke of Calabria and Cardinal Pompedda receive highest honours from the President of Panama - Sacred Military Constantinian Order of St. George". Constantinian.org.uk. 27 March 2012. Retrieved 8 June 2020.
  18. "Chi Magazine - 7 April 2004 - Sacred Military Constantinian Order of St. George". Constantinian.org.uk. 7 April 2004. Retrieved 8 June 2020.
  19. Office of the Governor-General of Antigua and Barbuda, 7 August 2017, London Gazette
  20. "Order denies allegations it awarded knighthoods for political influence". The Tablet. Retrieved 6 March 2020.
  21. Independent Catholic News
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