Primary elections in Italy

Primary elections were first introduced in Italy by Lega Nord in 1995, but were seldom used until before the 2005 regional elections.

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In January 2005 the centre-left The Union coalition held open primaries in order to select its candidate for President in Apulia. More importantly, in October 2005, The Union asked its voters to choose the candidate for Prime Minister in the 2006 general election: 4.3 million voters showed up and Romano Prodi won hands down. Two years later, in October 2007: 3.5 million voters of the Democratic Party were called to elect Walter Veltroni as their first leader, the party's constituent assembly and regional leaders.

The centre-right (see House of Freedoms, The People of Freedom, centre-right coalition and Forza Italia) has held primary elections only at the local level.

Regulatory rules

There are no laws at country level to govern the conduct of any primary election.

In 2004 Tuscany introduced a regional law[1] regulating primaries, but parties are not mandated to hold primaries. As of today, these rules were used in occasion of the 2005 regional election by the Democrats of the Left and Future Tuscany,[2] and in the 2010 regional election by the Democratic Party and Left Ecology Freedom.[3]

List of primary elections

The list includes the results of (open) primary elections for prime minister, president of region, mayor of a city with 150,000 inhabitants and leader of major party. All the following primaries were funded and ran by parties, with the sole exception of those for the Regional Council of Tuscany.

Highlighted rows denote country-level primary elections.
O : Open primary
C: Closed primary

2000s
Primary date(s) O / C Party/Coalition Position(s) Winner Article
16 January 2005 The Union President of Apulia Nichi Vendola
16 October 2005 O The Union Prime Minister of Italy Romano Prodi link
4 December 2005 The Union President of Sicily Rita Borsellino
29 January 2005 The Union Mayor of Milan Bruno Ferrante
4 February 2007 The Union Mayor of Genoa Marta Vincenzi
4 February 2007 The Union Mayor of Palermo Leoluca Orlando
14 October 2007 O Democratic Party Party leader Walter Veltroni link
14 December 2008 Democratic Party and allies Mayor of Bologna Flavio Delbono
14 February 2009 Democratic Party and allies Mayor of Florence Matteo Renzi
25 October 2009 O Democratic Party Party leader Pier Luigi Bersani link

2010s
Primary date(s) O / C Party/Coalition Position(s) Winner Article
24 January 2010 Democratic Party and allies President of Apulia Nichi Vendola[4]
24 January 2010 Democratic Party and allies Mayor of Venice Giorgio Orsoni[5]
7 February 2010 Democratic Party and allies President of Umbria Catiuscia Marini[6]
14 February 2010 Democratic Party and allies President of Calabria Agazio Loiero[7]
14 November 2010 Democratic Party and allies Mayor of Milan Giuliano Pisapia link
12 December 2010 Democratic Party and allies Mayor of Trieste Roberto Cosolini[8]
23 January 2011 Democratic Party and allies Mayor of Bologna Virginio Merola
23 January 2011 Democratic Party and allies Mayor of Naples Andrea Cozzolino[lower-alpha 1]
30 January 2011 Democratic Party and allies Mayor of Cagliari Massimo Zedda
27 February 2011 Democratic Party and allies Mayor of Turin Piero Fassino
4 December 2011 Democratic Party and allies Mayor of Verona Michele Bertucco[9]
29 January 2012 Democratic Party and allies Mayor of Parma Vincenzo Bernazzoli[10]
12 February 2012 Democratic Party and allies Mayor of Genoa Marco Doria[11]
4 March 2012 Democratic Party and allies Mayor of Palermo Fabrizio Ferrandelli
25 November 2012 O Democratic Party and allies Prime Minister of Italy Pier Luigi Bersani[12] link
15 December 2012 Democratic Party and allies President of Lombardy Umberto Ambrosoli[13]
7 April 2013 Democratic Party and allies Mayor of Rome Ignazio Marino[14]
14 April 2013 Democratic Party and allies Mayor of Brescia Emilio Del Bono[15]
13 July 2013 Democratic Party and allies President of Trentino Ugo Rossi[16]
22 September 2013 Democratic Party and allies President of Basilicata Marcello Pittella[17]
29 September 2013 Democratic Party and allies President of Sardinia Francesca Barracciu[18][lower-alpha 1]
8 December 2013 O Democratic Party Party leader Matteo Renzi[19] link
2 February 2014 Democratic Party and allies Mayor of Padua Ivo Rossi[20]
23 February 2014 Democratic Party and allies Mayor of Bari Antonio Decaro[21]
23 February 2014 Brothers of Italy Party leader Giorgia Meloni[22]
2 March 2014 Democratic Party and allies Mayor of Modena Gian Carlo Muzzarelli[23]
2 March 2014 Democratic Party and allies Mayor of Reggio Emilia Luca Vecchi[24]
9 March 2014 Democratic Party and allies Mayor of Foggia Augusto Marasco[25]
16 March 2014 Democratic Party and allies Mayor of Livorno Marco Ruggeri[26]
23 March 2014 Democratic Party Mayor of Florence Dario Nardella[27]
28 September 2014 Democratic Party President of Emilia-Romagna Stefano Bonaccini[28]
5 October 2014 Democratic Party and allies President of Calabria Mario Oliverio[29]
30 November 2014 Democratic Party and allies President of Veneto Alessandra Moretti[30]
30 November 2014 Democratic Party and allies President of Apulia Michele Emiliano[31]
11 January 2015 Democratic Party and allies President of Liguria Raffaella Paita[32]
1 March 2015 Democratic Party and allies President of Marche Luca Ceriscioli[33]
1 March 2015 Democratic Party and allies President of Campania Vincenzo De Luca[34]
16 March 2015 Democratic Party and allies Mayor of Venice Felice Casson[35]
7 February 2016 Democratic Party and allies Mayor of Milan Giuseppe Sala[36] link
6 March 2016 Democratic Party and allies Mayor of Naples Valeria Valente[37]
6 March 2016 Democratic Party and allies Mayor of Rome Roberto Giachetti[37]
6 March 2016 Democratic Party and allies Mayor of Trieste Roberto Cosolini[38]
5 March 2017 Democratic Party and allies Mayor of Parma Paolo Scarpa[39]
2 April 2017 Democratic Party and allies Mayor of Verona Orietta Salemi[40]
30 April 2017 O Democratic Party Party leader Matteo Renzi[41] link
14 May 2017 C Lega Nord Party leader Matteo Salvini[42]
24 February 2019 Centre-right coalition Mayor of Bari Pasquale Di Riella[43]
24 February 2019 Centre-right coalition Mayor of Foggia Franco Landella[44]
3 March 2019 O Democratic Party Party leader Nicola Zingaretti[45] link
  1. Candidate who was replaced by another candidate without a primary vote in the run-up of the general election.

2020s
Primary date(s) O / C Party/Coalition Position(s) Winner Article
12 January 2020 Democratic Party and allies President of Apulia Michele Emiliano[46] link
12–13 June 2021 Democratic Party and allies Mayor of Turin Stefano Lo Russo link
20 June 2021 Democratic Party and allies Mayor of Bologna Matteo Lepore link
20 June 2021 Democratic Party and allies Mayor of Rome Roberto Gualtieri link
23 July 2022 Democratic Party and allies President of Sicily Caterina Chinnici link

References
  1. "Legge regionale 17 dicembre 2004, n. 70 (in Italian)". Retrieved 2012-10-03.
  2. "Regione Toscana:Banca Dati:Elezioni primarie 20 febbraio 2005 (in Italian)". Archived from the original on 2013-10-29. Retrieved 2012-10-03.
  3. "Regione Toscana:Banca Dati:Elezioni primarie 13 dicembre 2009 (in Italian)". Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2012-10-03.
  4. "Puglia, quasi 200mila al voto per le primarie – Vendola verso la vittoria: "Siamo al 70%"". La Repubblica. January 24, 2010. Retrieved January 24, 2010.
  5. "Orsoni vince le primarie. Sarà lui a sfidare Brunetta. Il ministro: "Ora comincia il vero confronto"". La Nuova. January 24, 2010. Retrieved January 24, 2010.
  6. "Umbria, Marini vince primarie Pd". TGCOM. February 8, 2010. Retrieved February 7, 2010.
  7. "Primarie in Calabria, Loiero candidato ufficiale Pd". La Stampa. February 15, 2010. Retrieved February 15, 2010.
  8. "Primarie a Trieste: Cosolini candidato sindaco del Pd - Messaggero Veneto". Archivio - Messaggero Veneto.
  9. http://www.larena.it/stories/380_in_piazza/312820_primarie_del_centrosinistra_5000_al_voto_vince_bertucco/
  10. "Primarie: ha vinto Bernazzoli con il 48%. Dall'Olio al 36%". Gazzetta di Parma. 29 January 2012. Retrieved 5 March 2012.
  11. "Partito Democratico Genova". www.pdgenova.it.
  12. "Risultati definitivi Ballottaggio | Italia. Bene Comune". Archived from the original on 2012-12-09. Retrieved 2012-12-05.
  13. online, Redazione Milano. "Lombardia, il centrosinistra ha scelto Il trionfo di Ambrosoli con il 57,64%". Corriere della Sera Milano.
  14. De Leo, Carlotta. "Primarie, Marino vince sfiorando 50% dei voti Il senatore:"A Roma cambieremo tutto"". Corriere della Sera Roma.
  15. Brontesi, Italia. "Primarie del centrosinistra, Vince Del Bono". Corriere della Sera Brescia.
  16. Online, Redazione (July 13, 2013). "Pd, oltre 23 mila alle primarie in Trentino Vince l'autonomista Ugo Rossi". Corriere della Sera.
  17. "In Basilicata primarie al fotofinish: Vince Marcello Pittella | Europa Quotidiano". Archived from the original on 2013-11-04. Retrieved 2013-10-15.
  18. "Il centrosinistra sceglie la Barracciu Risultati primarie: l'eurodeputata al 44% - Politica". L'Unione Sarda.it. September 30, 2013.
  19. "Buono in Cucina – Recensioni sugli Elettrodomestici da Cucina". PRIMARIE.
  20. "IN DIRETTA / Primarie del centrosinistra, vince Ivo Rossi". Il Mattino di Padova. February 2, 2014.
  21. "Liveblog - Bari, primarie al veleno: l'ombra del voto inquinato. Vince il deputato Decaro (Pd): "Hanno tentato di rovinarci la festa"". Repubblica.it. February 22, 2014.
  22. Francese, Ivan (26 February 2014). "Fratelli d'Italia, ritorno di fiamma: le primarie scelgono simbolo e presidente nazionale". ilGiornale.it.
  23. Carlino, il Resto del (2 March 2014). "Primarie Pd, Muzzarelli vince con 700 voti sulla Maletti". il Resto del Carlino.
  24. Carlino, il Resto del (2 March 2014). "Primarie, Luca Vecchi è il candidato sindaco del centrosinistra. Caos stranieri". il Resto del Carlino.
  25. "Primarie mettono fine all'era Mongelli: è Marasco il candidato sindaco". FoggiaToday.
  26. "Pd: Livorno, Marco Ruggeri trionfa con il 76,5% a primarie a sindaco". www.liberoquotidiano.it.
  27. "Firenze, alle primarie del Pd si conferma candidato sindaco Nardella". Il Sole 24 ORE.
  28. "Primarie, vince Bonaccini. Renzi: "E' il candidato di tutto il Pd" in Emilia Romagna. Flop affluenza". Repubblica.it. September 28, 2014.
  29. "Oliverio vince le primarie del centrosinistra in Calabria: "Risultato straordinario"". Repubblica.it. October 6, 2014.
  30. Bonet, Marco (November 30, 2014). "Primarie, il Veneto sceglie Moretti "La battaglia inizia adesso"". Corriere del Veneto.
  31. "Primarie Puglia: trionfa Emiliano. Moretti si prende il Veneto". Il Fatto Quotidiano. December 1, 2014.
  32. "Primarie Liguria, vince Raffaella Paita. Cofferati: "Troppe irregolarità"". Il Fatto Quotidiano. January 12, 2015.
  33. "Regionali, primarie del centrosinistra nelle Marche: vince Ceriscioli". Repubblica.it. March 1, 2015.
  34. "Primarie, in Campania vince De Luca: "Sarà una rivoluzione democratica"". LaStampa.it. 2 March 2015.
  35. "Venezia, Casson vince le primarie: sarà candidato sindaco del centrosinistra". Repubblica.it. March 15, 2015.
  36. "Primarie del centrosinistra a Milano, Beppe Sala sarà il candidato sindaco". Corriere della Sera. February 7, 2016.
  37. "Primarie, minoranza Pd polemica su affluenza Roma: "Elettori delusi"". Il Sole 24 ORE.
  38. "Roberto Cosolini vince le primarie del centrosinistra a Trieste - Il Friuli". www.ilfriuli.it.
  39. "Primarie a Parma, vince Scarpa: è il candidato sindaco del centrosinistra". Repubblica.it. March 5, 2017.
  40. S.p.A, Società Editrice Athesis. "Primarie, il Pd lancia Orietta Salemi sindaco". L'Arena.it.
  41. "Primarie | Partito Democratico".
  42. "Matteo Salvini ha vinto le primarie della Lega Nord". Il Post (in Italian). 13 May 2017. Retrieved 11 February 2020.
  43. Sarra, Chiara (25 February 2019). "Primarie centrodestra, Pasquale Di Rella candidato a Bari". ilGiornale.it.
  44. "La Foggia del centrodestra non cambia guida: il candidato sindaco è Franco Landella, ko Miranda e Iaccarino". FoggiaToday.
  45. "Primarie PD: i risultati in diretta". March 3, 2019.
  46. "Primarie Pd in Puglia, vince Michele Emiliano con il 70%: è di nuovo il candidato governatore. Alle urne in 80mila: affluenza in calo". Il Fatto Quotidiano (in Italian). 13 January 2020. Retrieved 11 February 2020.
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