Ponsonby, New Zealand

• 1840 3,000 acres of land, including Ponsonby, was exchanged between Apihai Te Kawau (Ngati Whatau) and Governor William Hobson.[4][5][10]
• 1841 Jane Griffin (Lady Franklin), wife of Sir John Franklin the Governor of Tasmania, visits and walks up a track in the Ponsonby area subsequently named for her as Franklin Road.[7]
• 1848 The area now known as Ponsonby is included in the "Hundred of Auckland".
• 1851 The "Suburban West Ward" is created which includes what is now Ponsonby.[11]
• 1854 James O'Neill's house (built in 1852[5]) becomes St. Anne's School for Māori Girls run by the Sisters of Mercy, who arrived from Ireland in 1850.[12][13] Their first school and orphanage was situated near St Patrick's Cathedral.
• 1854 St Mary's College for Catechists on the North Shore is transferred to St Mary's Bay, St. Marys School for Boys & a Seminary are built on 5 acres (20,000 m²) of Crown Grant land at the end of Waitemata St.
• 1858 The Church of the Immaculate Conception is built (it is demolished in 1869 – 70, the site is now the Pompallier Tennis Club).
• 1859 New Street is put through the middle of the St Mary Mount estate and Bishop Pompallier presents land on the eastern side of the street for the creation of St. Mary's College.
• 1860s Many Roman Catholics buy land in the new subdivisions in order to be near the Catholic centre with its Church, Convent & Schools. Names such as "Dublin" & "Green" reflect this development.
• 1860 Bishop Pompallier returns from Europe with a group of French nuns. Under his direction they form the Congregation of the Holy Family, which concentrates on teaching Māori girls.
• 1862 The Convent on New Street is completed. The new order of the Holy Family takes over teaching at the school. The order now consists of Māori as well as French Sisters.
• 1862 The Bishop takes over O'Neill's former house as his official residence.
• 1863 The Bishop sells more land, retaining the 4 acres (16,000 m²) with the Bishop's House, The Church of the Holy Family and the Convent of the Holy Family. The Nazareth Institute for Maori and Half-Caste Girls is founded.[4]
• 1863 The 1863 map of Auckland shows the road from Karangahape Rd to Franklin Rd labelled as Ponsonby Rd. At this time Jervois Rd is also called Ponsonby Rd. The map does not show the piece of road from Franklin Rd to College Hill that is called Vandeleur Rd.
• 1866 All Saints Parish is formed and a Sunday School opened.[5][14]
• 1866 The St Mary's Convent Chapel was constructed by Edward Mahoney for £1100.[15]
• 1865-68 The Suffolk Hotel (now the Cavalier Tavern) is built on College Hill.
• 1869 - 70 The Convent of the Holy Family is destroyed by fire. The Catholic Bishop is forced by his mortgagee to sell his remaining land, including the Bishop's House. The buyer is a Mr. Bennett who demolishes the Church of the Immaculate Conception. The Bishop resigns and leaves, leading to the dissolution of the order he had formed; the Order of the Holy Family. St. Mary's Convent remains.
• 1870s The water reservoir at the corner of Karangahape Road and Ponsonby Road is built.[5]
• 1871 The Ponsonby and Dedwood Highway District is formed.
• 1871 Dedwood Post office is opened.
• 1872 The Anglican parish of All Saints is officially defined.
• 1872 The Ponsonby Anglican householders meet with local Education Board. The schoolroom of All Saints Church is rented at 30 per year to house Dedwood District Church Street School.[16] By 1874, the school was attended by 100 girls and 74 boys.[16]
• 1873 The name of the area is officially changed from Dedwood to Ponsonby.[5][17]
• 1873 Bishop Croke, the second Catholic Bishop of Auckland, buys back the land with the Bishop's house on it. In 1893, the wooden house is moved to its present location at 57 St. Mary's Road.[18]
• 1873 A contest for the design of City Park (now known as Western Park) is held.[19] Sir George Grey and Judge Thomas Gillies donate specimen trees.
• 1876 Ponsonby becomes part of the Newton Constituency.
• 1877 St Johns Church, Ponsonby Road, is established as a small weatherboard chapel, the current building was opened on 30 April 1882.[20]
• 1879 St Stephens Presbyterian Church, Jervois Rd, is opened on 28 December 1879.[21]
• 1879 Western Park opens. However work on the project continues for several decades.
• 1879 A school opens in Beresford St known as Harrison's School named after its headmaster.
• 1882 Ponsonby is amalgamated with the Auckland City Council area.
• 1883 Lieutenant-General Sir William Jervois becomes Governor of New Zealand, part of Ponsonby Road, then Jervis Street is renamed Jervois Road after him.[22]
• 1884 The first horse tram service from Queen Street to Ponsonby is started.[5] The route is from Three Lamps to Queen St via Karangahape Road, Pitt St, & Grey St. The fare is threepence. Trams ran every 15 minutes from 6.30am to 10.30pm at an average speed of 5 miles (8.0 km) an hour.
• 1885 to 1890 An economic slump follows the stock market crash, and E. Earle Vaile noted that "whole streets such as John Street and Clarence Street had not a soul living in them. Workmen's cottages handy to Queen Street brought half a crown per week: further out, say Ponsonby, such cottages were gladly let free of rent."[23]
• 1886 The Ponsonby Baptist Church is built.[24] The 1778 Avery pipe organ is said to be originally from Windsor Castle, a gift from Queen Victoria to Old St. Pauls, Emily Place, which had been demolished the previous year.
• 1886 The Ponsonby Seventh Day Adventist Church in Mackelvie Street is opened, initially as a tent.[25]
• 1887 The Catholic Church of the Sacred Heart is built on the corner of O'Neill St and Ponsonby Road.[26] This took over the role of Parish Church from St Mary's Chapel.
• 1889 The Grey Lynn Borough Council Chambers & Volunteer Fire Station in Williamson Avenue is built by John Mitchell.[27]
• 1893 The Ponsonby Catholic Parish School building in O'Neill St is opened; in 1913 when the school is moved to Vermont St the building became a hall.
• 1894 The New Bishop's House is constructed to the designs of Peter Paul Pugin, which was partly funded by donations from all over the world, raised by Bishop Luck.[28]
• 1897 The Ponsonby Community Centre, initially an infant's school was built on Ponsonby Terrace.[5][29]
• 1897 The Catholic Order of the Little Sisters of the Poor is established in NZ. They were first located in a two-storey house in Hepburn St and from 1904 in Tweed St.[30]
• 1902 The Ponsonby Fire Station in St Marys Road is built.[31] It was designed by Goldsbro' and Wade.
• c.1902 The brick building housing the Auckland Gas Company in Beaumont St is constructed.[32]
• 1903 3 December after a blazing row the Ponsonby Yacht club take up residence at the Rob Roy Hotel.
• 1905 Victoria Park is created. John Court, proprietor of the John Court Department Store donates money for Playground equipment.
• 1905 Construction of the City Council Works Depot, now Victoria Park Market, is started.[33]
• 1910 The kindergarten in Victoria Park is built and opened.[34][35] When it encounters financial difficulties in 1910, Logan Campbell purchases it to rescue the institution.
• 1912 The Ponsonby Post Office is built.[36] John Campbell, the Government Architect, designed the building.[36]
• 1914 The Auckland City Council allocates £3000 for six municipal houses in Clarence Street.[37] This is the council's first venture into public housing.
• 1918 The wooden grandstand in Victoria Park is used as a temporary morgue during the great influenza epidemic.[5] From here, the corpses are taken to the train station at the bottom of town and transported out to Waikumete cemetery in West Auckland. In Auckland almost 1,700 people perish.
• 1920 Augustus Braithwaite, the Ponsonby postmaster, is murdered at his home in Shelly Beach Rd. The murderer Dennis Gunn was hanged as a result of the first use of fingerprint evidence in a trial in New Zealand.[38]
• 1928 The ASB Bank in Jervois Rd is built.[39]
• 1942-1945 Victoria Park is occupied by a military camp for WWII American troops.[5] Air-raid drills and black outs are commonplace.
• 1956 The electric tram service is discontinued, the tracks are torn up, the overhead wires continue to be used for the electric trolley buses.
• 1959 The Auckland Harbour Bridge opened following five years of construction. Several small commercial boat-yards were forced to close and private boat-slips fell into disuse in St Mary's Bay. The Auckland Harbour Board planned to fill in Westhaven completely, but a group of local residents including engineers and architects donated their services to create Westhaven Marina.[40][41]
• 1960s The motorway viaduct over Victoria Park is constructed.
• 1970s The electric trolley bus system is discontinued – the overhead wires are taken down.
• 1979 The New Zealand Muslim Association starts construction work on the first mosque in New Zealand at 17 Vermont Street, Ponsonby.[5]
• 1980s Assembly of God Church is erected next to the Harbour Bridge approaches at Victoria Park.
• 1983 Inactive since 1972, the Destructor at Victoria Park [1915] is saved from demolition by being converted into use as Victoria Park Market.
• 1984 Ponsonby Shopping Village is established by Gene and Maneeka Campbell (founders of the Auckland Motor Show). The New Zealand Herald's front-page article for the completion and opening of this building was titled, "Ponsonby's on the move again".
• mid 1980s Two high rise apartment blocks are constructed on Jervois and Shelly Beach Roads. Following this, the Auckland City Council amends the height restrictions to make it impossible for similar buildings to be erected in the future.[42]
• 1992 The Franklin Road Christmas lights begin.[43]
• 1990s The LGBT presence in the Ponsonby area is expressed by various annual events, such as Coming Out Day parades & The Hero Parade.
• 1996 The Hero Parade moved from Queen Street to Ponsonby Road.[44]
• 1990s Less restrictive liquor laws result in a large increase in small restaurants & bars. Auckland City Council's relaxation of bylaws prohibiting pavement cafes encourages large numbers of cafes to appear.
• 1990s Grey Lynn is granted heritage protection under the building laws. Grey Lynn is the largest concentration of wooden Victorian buildings in the world.
• 1990s the Link bus service commences.
• 1999 A Supermarket is built on the site of the gasholders at the bottom of College Hill.[45]
• 2002 The Auckland Gas Company buildings in Beaumont street are converted into a retail & residential apartment complex.
• 2013 The Auckland Pride Festival Parade returns to Ponsonby.[46]

From as early as the 1850s St Mary's Bay and Herne Bay were favoured by several prosperous Aucklanders for their harbour views. They built elegant "marine villas" with extensive gardens and private jetties from which they commuted to the bottom of Queen Street. These were largely accessible only from the water as the Ponsonby and Jervois ridges and the area beyond were mostly coarse scrubland. A number of these 'marine villas' still stand, now surrounded by later Edwardian suburban developments.

As College Hill was too steep for horse-drawn vehicles, all traffic from the centre of Auckland came via Karangahape Road (which is why the numbering starts at the K Road end). After the establishment of the horse bus service in the 1880s a small shopping centre developed at the end of the route {what is now Three Lamps but then called Dedwood}. This shopping centre prospered as it was able to serve the larger properties in Herne Bay, the small workers cottages in College Hill and the new middle-class houses of Grey Lynn. Eventually the tram route (first horse drawn and then electric) was extended along Jervois Road, which saw more residential and retail development.

The area now called Three Lamps was originally a farm called "Dedwood", apparently named after a friend of the first owners; a Captain Dedwood, who may, or may not, have served in the armed forces in New Zealand. What is now called Jervois Road was at that time called Ponsonby Road. There was apparently both a Dedwood Road Board and a Ponsonby Road Board as well as references to both a Dedwood District Board and a Ponsonby District Board. Ponsonby definitely sounded more elegant than Dedwood so by the 1870s Ponsonby was apparently used by many people to refer to the whole area. Around 1873 the name was changed from Dedwood to Ponsonby although throughout the mid-1870s public announcements refer to 'Dedwood and/or Ponsonby' just to be safe.

The name change may have sounded better in real estate advertisements, but it initially caused problems; in the New Zealand Herald, it is mentioned that the change caused problems with the area's membership of both the Harbour Board and the Domain Board as their legal documents specified the Dedwood Road Board and Dedwood District Boards:

(The) Superintendent, should have intimated to the rate-payers of the Dedwood district, that by their adopting a less funereal name they would disfranchise themselves.[5][47]

This problem was eventually sorted out and in any case in 1882 Ponsonby, along with Karangahape and Grafton was amalgamated with Auckland City.

In the 1950s and 1960s a combination of people moving to new outer suburbs, Auckland City Council policy of "slum" clearances and the construction of the motorway through Freemans Bay, led to plummeting rents and a drastic downturn in the economic fortunes of the area directly west of the CBD. The 1950s and 1960s saw many Pacific Islanders arriving in the country and they tended to take up residence in low cost areas - Ponsonby was one of them. By the 1970s, the combination of artists, bohemians, gays and lesbians, and Polynesian migrant workers,[5] attracted by the low rents created a distinct culture in the area, with which the area is still largely identified in the popular imagination of Auckland.

However, beginning in the 1980s a process of gentrification and ethnic transition took place in the area. This was reflective of patterns in other Western cities, but here it dramatically altered the suburb by the late-1990s, as the apparent predominant population of Polynesians was replaced by Pākehā as described in the Ian Middleton novel Mr Ponsonby. By the early 2000s, Ponsonby became widely perceived as a spatial centre of Auckland's so-called creative class.

Upper Middle Class Professionals, usually working in the better-paid professions, as well as the culture industry became an obvious (if not dominant) presence in the area. This also reintroduced many more children into the area; the local schools, which through the 1970s and 1980s had had shrinking roles now started growing in size and the children attending them were now predominantly white rather than brown.

The retail shops changed in character as well. Ponsonby Road was previously lined with second hand appliance & furniture stores, junk shops, Pacific Island fruit & vegetable shops and cheap eateries. By the late 1990s these had been largely replaced with flash bars, restaurants, 'gorgeous things' shops, dress boutiques and upmarket hairdressers. In the 1960s most people regarded Ponsonby as little better than a slum; now it is seen as a place of consumption of up-market consumer goods (particularly clothing) and dining and drinking experiences for the city's upper middle classes.

The 2000s saw a number of traffic accidents (including one death) along Ponsonby Road, which is both an important traffic arterial route and a favourite nightspot. As a result, the speed limit along Ponsonby Road was lowered to 40 km/h zone in 2009.[48]

• The Three Lamps that gave the area its name stood in the centre of the intersection of Ponsonby Road, St Marys Road, Jervois Road and College Hill.[5] It was removed in the 1930s as a traffic hazard.[49] Three lamps of another design were placed on the corner of the former Gluepot Tavern, and the old lamp post was rebuilt next to the Gluepot, and on 10 August 2012 the relighting of the lamps was celebrated.[49]
• Gluepot Tavern (340 Ponsonby Road), officially The Ponsonby Club Hotel and later known as the Gluepot, was an art deco building that replaced an 1875 wooden structure.[5] In the 1970s, it had a rough reputation.[5] The downstairs bar was known as a popular spot for the gang, the King Cobras, and upstairs was a popular music venue with acts including The Radars, Hello Sailor, Dragon, Supergroove, Che Fu, Mick Jagger and Peter Garrett.[5][50] It closed in 1994, the façade remains, however, the interior was demolished and replaced with apartments upstairs and shops downstairs.[5][50]
• Former Ponsonby Post Office (1-3 St Marys Rd) was designed by John Campbell, the Government Architect, and construction began in 1912.[51] It is no longer owned by New Zealand Post, and has had numerous businesses based in the building since its sale in 1992.
• Former Ponsonby Fire Station (15 St Marys Road) was erected in 1902, and was used as a fire station until 1923.[5] Since then has been a nightclub, a funeral parlour, a soft toy factory, the offices of the City News newspaper, and Raffles and later Plusone Restaurants.[5][52]
• The Leys Institute (20 St Marys Road) was a gift of local residents William & Thompson Leys in 1905.[5] It includes a public library now part of Auckland Council Libraries, recreation room, lecture hall and gymnasium.[5]
• ASB Bank: Jervois Road. This small neo-classical building is one of the many buildings commissioned by the Auckland Savings Bank from the architect Daniel B. Patterson. Similar buildings appear in Auckland suburban centres and in provincial towns throughout the Auckland Province.
• Plunket Rooms and Memorial Drinking Fountain. Jervois Road. Behind the unassuming 1940s modernist Plunket Rooms is a small grassed area with a memorial drinking fountain dedicated to local politician Michael Joseph Savage. Savage was MP for the area as well as local resident. He died suddenly in 1940 while in office as Prime Minister.
• Former Britannia Theatre (283 Ponsonby Road) was originally built in 1905 as a skating rink and converted to a theatre in 1910.[53] In 1969, the theatre shut down and in 1981-1982 it was converted into a shopping plaza, Three Lamps Plaza.[53]
• Renall Street. A Heritage Area. In the 1970s this whole street was demarcated by the Auckland City Council as a special heritage area. The street contains a representative collection of buildings; 19th century workers cottages, Edwardian villas, 1920s bungalows & 1930 houses with an Edwardian Freemasons Hall.
• All Saints Church. Architect; Prof Richard Toy. An award-winning building from the 1950s which replaced an earlier wooden Victorian church.

• Former Letholite Luggage Factory: 239 Ponsonby Road. Erected in 1919 for the firm of Palmer, Collins & Whittaker. The factory was extended in 1929 and in the 1970s the business employed 50 workers, making it an important employer for this area. Letholite was a major supplier of good quality luggage to the New Zealand public. From the 1980s to the late 1990s the building was the location of Joes Bargain House, after which the building was extensively renovated as office/retail space.
• St John's Methodist Church. 229 Ponsonby Road. Architect; Edward Bartley. Built in the 1880s this is a fine example of a wooden church in the Gothic style. This building includes carved detailing by Anton Teutonberg the first European sculptor in New Zealand.
• Doctor's House, 225 Ponsonby Road. From 1908 to 1920 Florence Keller and her husband Martin ran their doctors surgery from this location. The American Florence Keller was a Seventh-day Adventist, who, when she died in her mid 90s was the oldest practising surgeon in the world.
• Terrace Houses, 203–209 Ponsonby Road. Built for E. Marian Edger (sister of Kate Edger and Lilian Edgar). An interesting development dating from around 1900 these brick built houses with cement stucco finish are a half-way point between the London Town houses and the contemporary wooden villas of New Zealand.

• Vermont Street Shops. 222-224 Ponsonby Road. Fine sey of Edwardian shops - recently restored.
• Ponsonby Mosque. 17 Vermont Street. Built in 1979, this is the first mosque in New Zealand.
• Holmdene - Gentleman's residence in the Italianate style from the 1880s built for shipping magnate Alexander McGregor. This was run as a Boarding House in the 1980s and was popular with Transvestites.
• Braemar Building. Designed by William Holman and built around 1911 for M.G McGregor and Captain J. Smith.
• Franklin Road. The London Plane Trees lining this street were part of the first beautification scheme undertaken by Auckland City Council in the early 1870s. Three streets were planted with trees; Lower Symonds Street, Grey Street (now Greys Ave) and Franklin Road.
• Gloucester Court, 1 Franklin Road. 1935 Art-Deco Apartment building by Horace Massey.

• Fairfield Terrace 117-131 Ponsonby Rd. Stuccoed brick retail development from around 1910.
• Ponsonby Central. Built as the Allans Calendar Printing Works in the 1950s.
• Leys Block. Queen Anne / Art Nouveau building erected in 1911 for the Leys family. From the early 1980s to the late 1990s this was the location of the popular "Open Late Cafe".
• Former Vogels Bakery. 120-128 Ponsonby Road. In the 1940s a German Jewish refugee and doctor of Philosophy named Max Reizenstein established a bakery. Later sold to Johan Klisser the firm has grown into a major manufacturer of baked goods and specifically Vogel's Bread.

Western Park

Allendale House, 50 Ponsonby Road

• Former Newton Borough Council Chambers & Fire Station (1 Williamson Avenue): In 1889, the Council Chambers and Fire Station were designed by John Mitchell.[5] In 1914, the later Grey Lynn Borough was amalgamated into the Auckland City Council and the local government function of this building ceased.[5]
• Western Park is the city's oldest park, the result of a competition in 1872. Some of the large specimen trees were donated by notable people such as Sir George Grey and Sir Maurice O'Rorke. Park furniture designed in the 1990s by Micheal Von Sturmer, sculptures by John Radford and mosaic panels by Mark Davidson.
• Allendale House (50 Ponsonby Road) was built for wealthy saddler George Allen in the 1890s and became a boarding house by 1900s.[5] It has been a doctors offices, hostel, refuge, restaurant and is now the office of the Auckland Savings Bank Community Trust.[5]
• The Palace. A group of three Italianate town houses built for Alfred Adams in the 1890s. Adams occupied the middle house for a short time. In the 1970s and 1980s this was the location of "The Palace" Massage Parlour during which time it was painted a bright pink. These houses were built with double storied wooden verandahs similar to nearby Allandale house. Now bereft of these verandahs the houses look slightly bare but actually more italianate in style.

• Former ASB Bank. 8 Ponsonby Road. Architect Edward Bartley. Erected in 1884 as a single storeyed building for the Auckland Savings Bank, in 1886 a second storey was added. Currently an Art Gallery. Of special note is the original Gas Street Lamp, one of only three remaining in Auckland.
• Unitarian Church. 1a Ponsonby Road. Architect Thomas White. Built in 1901 and apparently based on a church in Johannesburg, South Africa.
• Former Newton Police Station (1 Ponsonby Road) was designed by the Government architect John Campbell.[5] It was built in 1905, and since the 1970s it has housed the community arts centre, Artstation.[5]
• Ponsonby Water Reservoir (Corner of Ponsonby and Karangahape Roads) dates to at least the 1870s.[5] The first reservoir on this site was designed by the City Engineer William Errington.[54][55] It was rebuilt in the 1950s when the adjoining Pumping Station and Turncock's house were demolished.
• The VAANA Peace Mural (Ponsonby Water Reservoir) was painted on large panels in 1985 by eight founding VAANA (Visual Artists Against Nuclear Arms) artists: Pat Hanly, Margaret Lawlor-Bartlett, Jill Carter-Hansen, John Nicol, John Eaden, Claudia Pond Eyley, Nigel Brown and Vanya Lowry in the main gallery at Outreach (now Artstation) with members of the public giving verbal encouragement.[56] Master potters Peter Lange and Lex Dawson worked with Master Builder Matt Stafford to fix the panels to the wall.[56] The mural was recreated in 2006 and 2014 with extra panels being added.[57]