Polygonum delopyrum

Polygonum delopyrum (synonym Polygonella ciliata),[1] the fringed jointweed[2] or hairy jointweed,[3] is a plant species endemic to Florida. It is found in pinelands and sandy pine barrens at elevations less than 50 m, in central and southern parts of the state.[2][4][5]

Polygonum delopyrum
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Order: Caryophyllales
Family: Polygonaceae
Genus: Polygonum
Species:
P. delopyrum
Binomial name
Polygonum delopyrum
Synonyms[1]
  • Delopyrum ciliatum (Meisn.) Small
  • Polygonella ciliata Meisn.

Polygonum delopyrum is an annual herb up to 110 cm tall, branching above the base. Leaves are narrow and linear, up to 5 cm long, with cilia (long flexible hairs) along the margins. Inflorescence is up to 45 mm long. Flowers are white, some hermaphroditic (male and female together) but others pistillate (female only). Achenes are brown, triangular in cross-section, up to 4 mm long.[2][6][7][8][9]

Taxonomy

The species was first described in 1856 by Carl Meissner as Polygonella ciliata.[10] It was later placed in the genus Polygonella (under the name Polygonella ciliata) by John Kunkel Small, but in 2015, following a series of molecular phylogenetic studies, this genus was subsumed into Polygonum.[11][12] However, the name "Polygonum ciliata" had already been used, so the replacement name Polygonum delopyrum was published.[11][13]

Polygonum basiramia has been treated as a variety of P. delopyrum (under the name Polygonella ciliata var. basiramia) by some authors,[14] but is classed as a separate species by the Flora of North America, Plants of the World Online and other recent publications. It is very similar but branches mostly at or below ground level.[2]

References
  1. "Polygonum delopyrum T.M.Schust. & Reveal". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 2019-02-28.
  2. Flora of North America v 5
  3. USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Polygonella ciliata". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 12 October 2015.
  4. Horton, J. H. 1963. A taxonomic revision of Polygonella (Polygonaceae). Brittonia 15: 177-203.
  5. Ronse Decraene, L.-P., Hong S. P., and E. F. Smets. 2004. What is the taxonomic status of Polygonella? Evidence from floral morphology. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 91: 320-345.
  6. Candolle, Alphonse Louis Pierre Pyramus de. 1856. Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis 14(1): 81.
  7. Long, R. W. & O. K. Lakela. 1971. Flora of Tropical Florida i–xvii, 1–962. University of Miami Press, Coral Cables.
  8. Wunderlin, R. P. 1998. Guide to the Vascular Plants of Florida i–x, 1–806. University Press of Florida, Gainesville.
  9. Small, John Kunkel. 1913. Flora of Miami, being descriptions of the seed-plants growing naturally on the everglade keys and in the adjacent everglades southern peninsular Florida. page 65.
  10. "Plant Name Details for Polygonella ciliata Meisn". The International Plant Names Index. Retrieved 2019-02-28.
  11. Schuster, T.M.; Reveal, J.L. & Kron, K.A. (2011). "Evolutionary Relationships within Polygoneae (Polygonaceae: Polygonoideae)". Taxon. 60: 1653–1666. doi:10.1002/tax.606010., cited in Schuster et al. (2015)
  12. Schuster, Tanja M.; Reveal, James L.; Bayly, Michael J. & Kron, Kathleen A. (2015). "An updated molecular phylogeny of Polygonoideae (Polygonaceae): Relationships of Oxygonum, Pteroxygonum, and Rumex, and a new circumscription of Koenigia". Taxon. 64 (6): 1188–1208. doi:10.12705/646.5.
  13. "Plant Name Details for Polygonum delopyrum T.M.Schust. & Reveal". The International Plant Names Index. Retrieved 2019-02-28.
  14. Horton, James Heathman. 1963. Brittonia 15(3): 195.
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