Pocito Department

In Pocitanas land, there once lived an old Huarpe Indian called Mariana, whose only company and defense was a faithful dog. She lived under a carob tree and invariably smoked a cigar. She occupied the time telling stories of fabulous adventures to children who visited her, and sold "brilliant pebbles" to travelers and neighbors. These were nuggets of gold, which she always maintained came from the "pocito".

One dark night, some Spaniards wandering nearby were attracted by the glow of a lit cigarette. Great was their surprise when, approaching the carob tree, they were attacked by the faithful dog baring his canines. The robbers fled in fear, pursued by the woman who came out laughing from under the tree. That night an earthquake rocked the region and Mariana was seen no more. Her pocito was eagerly sought, but the source of the gold was never found.

According to some testimonies, it was Cantoni Federico who, as an officer of that time, visited France and had the "Statue of Liberty" created as ordered by national authorities. That is why the date 1810-1910 and the Argentine shield are seen on the left of the statue.

Federico Cantoni ordered that the statue be sent to the province of San Juan, its intended location being the park. This was done on the centenary of the "First Cry of Freedom", in May, 1810. On July 9, 1931, the engineer Mark Zalazar Pocito moved the statue and had it placed in the square that now bears the name "Freedom Square".

A church in the Valdivia hills located in the south of the department

The mountainous area located in the western sector is a series of ridges with a general north–south direction. These include the Cordon de Las Lajas, the hills of La Rinconada and the Cordon of the Arrow. These are in turn attached to the main range, the Mountains of Zonda. The maximum elevation of over 2000 meters is on the western boundary of the department and the ground generally slopes towards the east. The formation of the Cerro Valdivia is isolated geologically. It is one of the foothills of the Sierras pampeanas formed in the Paleozoic era.

In the rest of the department there is deep soil resulting from water erosion of the mountainous area. Further eastward the soil is shallower and composed of fine material from the canal zone of the Quinto Cuartel division. This area is used as arable land and is irrigated through a network of channels that flow from the San Juan River.

The flora is composed of carob, jarilla (in the lower parts of the mountains), chañares, aragua (on the slopes), tuscas, chilcas and pichanas (in the wet valleys).

Among the animals living here are guanacos, vicunas, foxes, mice, Andean condors, lechuzos, chimangos, partridges, martinetas, hares and wild rabbits.

Canal regadio

The irrigation network originates from channels that run from north to south and draw their water from the right bank of the San Juan River. This water is used by farmers in growing areas.

The climate is dry with a maximum temperatures of 40 °C in summer and minimum below zero in winter. The atmospheric pressure and humidity are generally low and are at a minimum during the months of August and September due to the dry Zonda wind that blows down from the mountains.