Peter Manigault

Peter Manigault (October 10, 1731 – November 12, 1773) was an attorney, plantation owner, slave owner, and colonial legislator native to Charleston, South Carolina. He was the wealthiest man in the British North American colonies at the time of his death and owned hundreds of slaves. He was the son-in-law of Joseph Wragg, the largest slave trader of North America in the 1730s.

Peter Manigault
Speaker of the South Carolina House of Commons
In office
1765–1772
Personal details
Born(1731-10-10)October 10, 1731
Charleston, Province of South Carolina, British America
DiedNovember 12, 1773(1773-11-12) (aged 42)
London, England
Spouse
​
​
(m. 1755; died 1773)​
Parent(s)Gabriel Manigault
Ann Ashby Manigault

Early life
Coat of Arms of Peter Manigault

Manigault (pronounced MAN-eh-go) was born in Charleston on October 10, 1731, and was part of a wealthy French Huguenot immigrant family.[1] Manigault was the son of Gabriel Manigault (1704–1781) and Ann (née Ashby) Manigault (1705–1782).[2][3]

His paternal grandparents were Judith (née Jetton-Gitton) Manigault and Pierre Manigault, a French Huguenot who settled in the Santee area and became a successful rice planter.[4] His maternal grandparents were John Ashby and Constantia (née Broughton) Ashby (whose brother Thomas Broughton was Governor of South Carolina).[5]

He was privately educated in the Province of South Carolina and in England, traveled extensively in Europe, studied law at London's Inner Temple, and was called to the English bar in 1752.[6]

Career
Mr. Peter Manigault and Friends. Folk art depicting Manigault and his friends drinking around his table, c. 1760.

He returned to South Carolina in 1754, where he practiced law, became a successful merchant and banker, and managed his family's extensive plantation holdings. By 1774 Manigault was the wealthiest person in the British North American colonies, with a net worth - that included hundreds of slaves - of approximately £33,000 in 1770, which was equal to approximately $4 million in 2016.[7]

Manigault served in the South Carolina House of Commons in 1755, and again from 1765 to 1773.[8] From 1765 to 1772 he was Speaker of the House.[9], citing [10] He actively opposed the British Stamp Act of 1765, and was identified with what became known as the Patriot cause.[11]

Letters

During Manigault's studies in London and travels in Europe, he exchanged frequent letters with his parents. This correspondence was published as part of several articles over several years in the South Carolina Historical and Genealogical Magazine.[12]

A caricature drawn by George Roupell circa 1760 was entitled "Mr. Peter Manigault and his Friends" and depicts Manigault and several of his friends and acquaintances taking part in a drinking party.[lower-alpha 1]

Personal life
Portrait of his wife, Elizabeth, c. 1757, by Jeremiah Theus.

In 1755, Manigault was married to Elizabeth Wragg (1736–1773).[13] She was the daughter of Judith (née Dubose) and Joseph Wragg, an English-born American who was one of the largest slave traders in British North America.[14] Their children included:[15]

In 1773, Manigault's health worsened, and he left South Carolina for England in an effort to find a cure.[17] His wife died on February 19, 1773. Manigault's health did not improve, and he died in London on November 12, 1773.[18] He was buried at French Protestant Huguenot Church Cemetery in Charleston.[19]

Descendants

Through his son, he was the grandfather of Elizabeth Manigault Morris (1785–1822), who married Col. Lewis Morris (a grandson of Lewis Morris, a signer of the Declaration of Independence), and were the parents of Capt. Charles Manigault Morris of the Confederate States Navy;[16] Gabriel Henry Manigault (1788–1834); and Charles Izard Manigault (1795–1874).[20][21]

The Manigault family has remained prominent in Charleston, including as owners of the city's daily newspaper, The Post and Courier, which was first purchased by Peter Manigault's great-grandson Arthur in 1896.[22]

See also

Notes
  1. The caricature depicts several South Carolina Huguenots and British officers of the 42nd Regiment of Foot (then the South Carolina Independent Company) at Manigault's Steepbrook home. The event must have occurred in 1754, which was the only year that all were alive and physically in South Carolina. Clockwise, the subjects are identified as: Captain Raymond Demeré (1702-1766); "Success to Carolina, g-d damn!" Captain Massey; "This one bumper, dear Isaac." Isaac Godin; "I shall be drunk, I tell ye Massey." Captain Richard Coytmore (d. 1760); "Squire Isaac, your wig you Dog." Lieutenant Colonel Probert Howarth; "Hey to the midnight, Hark a way, hark a way." George Roupell; "Pray less noise, gentlemen." Peter Manigault; "Your tost [sic] Howarth." Lieutenant Charles Taylor; "Whose tost [sic] is it?"

References
  1. Garraty, John Arthur (1999). American National Biography. Vol. 14. London, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press. p. 411. ISBN 9780195206357.
  2. Gardner, Albert Ten Eyck; Feld, Stuart P. (1965). American Paintings: A Catalogue of the Collection of The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Vol. I. Greenwich, CT: New York Graphic Society. p. 17.
  3. Gardner, Albert Ten Eyck (1965). American Paintings: A Catalogue of the Collection of The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Vol. 1, Painters Born by 1815. Metropolitan Museum of Art. p. 17. Retrieved 24 April 2020.
  4. Ingham, John N. (1983). Biographical Dictionary of American Business Leaders. Vol. 2. Greenwood Press: Greenwood Press. p. 851. ISBN 978-0-313-23908-3.
  5. Lucas, Silas Emmett (1959). Genealogy of the Dodson (Dotson) Lucas, Pyles, Rochester, and allied families. p. 237. Retrieved 24 April 2020.
  6. Salley, A. S., Jr. (1902). The South Carolina Historical and Genealogical Magazine. Vol. 3. Charleston, SC: South Carolina Historical Society. p. 87.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  7. Walter B. Edgar (1998). South Carolina: A History. Univ of South Carolina Press. p. 153. ISBN 9781570032554.
  8. Board of Managers, Society of Colonial Dames of the State of New York (1913). Register of the Colonial Dames of the State of New York, 1893-1913. New York, NY: Frederick H. Hitchcock. p. 348.
  9. Woodmason, Charles (1953). The Carolina Backcountry on the Eve of the Revolution. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press. p. 269. ISBN 978-0-8078-4035-1.
  10. Dictionary of American Biography, Volume 12, page 235
  11. Ramsay, David (1809). The History of South-Carolina. Vol. 2. Charleston, SC: David Longworth. pp. 504–505.
  12. Haw, James (1997). John & Edward Rutledge of South Carolina. Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press. p. 357. ISBN 978-0-8203-1859-2.
  13. Hain, Pamela Chase (2005). A Confederate Chronicle: The Life of a Civil War Survivor. Columbia, MO: University of Missouri Press. p. 2. ISBN 978-0-8262-1599-4.
  14. Friedman, Saul S. (1999). Jews and the American Slave Trade. Milton Park, UK: Routledge (Taylor & Francis). p. 165. ISBN 978-1-3515-1075-2.
  15. The North Carolina Historical Review. Vol. 47. Raleigh, NC: North Carolina Historical Commission. 1970. p. 17.
  16. "Manigault, Morris, and Grimball Family Papers, 1795-1832". finding-aids.lib.unc.edu. Wilson Library at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Retrieved 14 December 2017.
  17. Webber, Mabel Louise, South Carolina Historical Society (1 July 1914). "Six Letters of Peter Manigault". The South Carolina Historical and Genealogical Magazine. Charleston, SC: Walker, Evans & Cogswell. XV (3): 113.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  18. McDonough, Daniel J. (2000). Christopher Gadsden and Henry Laurens: The Parallel Lives of Two American Patriots. Cranbury, NJ: Associated University Press. p. 301. ISBN 978-1-57591-039-0.
  19. Laurens, Henry (1981). The Papers of Henry Laurens. Vol. 9. Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press. p. 151. ISBN 978-0-87249-399-5.
  20. "Charles Izard Manigault and His Family in Rome - Ferdinando Cavalleri - Google Arts & Culture". Google Cultural Institute. Retrieved 14 December 2017.
  21. "Charles Izard Manigault | Gibbes People's Choice". www.gibbespeopleschoice.org. Retrieved 14 December 2017.
  22. "Focus on the Community". About Us: Evening Post Publishing Newspaper Group. Charleston, SC: Evening Post Industries. Retrieved 13 June 2022.
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