Uruguayan peso

Uruguayan peso (Spanish: peso uruguayo) has been a name of the Uruguayan currency since Uruguay's settlement by Europeans. The present currency, the peso uruguayo (ISO 4217 code: UYU) was adopted in 1993 and is subdivided into 100 centésimos, although centésimos are not currently in use.

This article is about present currency of Uruguay. For previous Uruguayan currencies known as "peso", see Currency of Uruguay.
Uruguayan peso
peso uruguayo (Spanish)
ISO 4217
CodeUYU (numeric: 858)
before 1993: UYN, UYP
Subunit0.01
Unit
Symbol$ or $U‎ [1]
Denominations
Subunit
 1⁄100centésimo
Banknotes$20, $50, $100, $200, $500, $1000, $2000
Coins
 Freq. used$1, $2, $5, $10
 Rarely used$50 (commemorative)[2]
Demographics
User(s) Uruguay
Issuance
Central bankCentral Bank of Uruguay
 Websitewww.bcu.gub.uy
Valuation
Inflation8%
 SourceUruguay, December 2009.

Introduction

Uruguay obtained monetary stability in 1896, based on the gold standard. This favorable state of affairs ended after World War I. An unsettled period followed. Economic difficulties after World War II produced inflation, which became serious after 1964 and continued into the 1970s.

The peso moneda nacional was replaced on 1 July 1975 by the nuevo peso (new peso; ISO 4217 code UYP) at a rate of 1 new peso for 1000 old pesos. The nuevo peso was also subdivided into 100 centésimos.

After further inflation, the peso uruguayo (ISO 4217 code UYU) replaced the nuevo peso on March 1, 1993, again at a rate of 1 new for 1000 old.

Inflation

Uruguayans became accustomed to the constant devaluation of their currency. Uruguayans refer to periods of real appreciation of the currency as atraso cambiario, which literally means that "the exchange rate is running late" towards future devaluement. As a consequence of the instability of the local currency, prices for most big-ticket items (real estate, cars and even executives' salaries) are denominated in U.S. dollars.

During the military rule, the peso was on a crawling peg to the dollar. A table of the future value of the dollar was published daily by the government (called the tablita). In 1982, the currency was abruptly devalued ("the tablita was broken"), throwing thousands of companies and individuals into bankruptcy. In the 1990s, a new mechanism to provide predictability was introduced, this time in the form of a sliding range, with top and bottom margins, at which the government would intervene. In 2002, after a banking crisis and amid a huge budget deficit, the currency was again allowed to float, losing almost 50% of its value in a couple of weeks, and, again, throwing into bankruptcy thousands of companies and individuals who held debts denominated in US dollars.

In 2004 a phenomenon completely new to most Uruguayans developed: the currency appreciated in nominal terms against the US dollar, going from 30 to 24 pesos to the dollar. By 2008 the peso reached 19 to the US dollar, recovering more than half of its loss during the crisis. This revaluation brought protests from the industrial sector, which felt that it lost competitiveness, but by July 2020, the peso had inflated to over 40 to the dollar. The government hopes that a floating currency will "de-dollarize" the economy. Uruguay does not seem to have found a mechanism that provides the exchange rate some level of predictability, while at the same time allowing the country to adapt its prices so that its exports remain competitive.

Coins

In 1994, stainless-steel 10, 20 and 50 centésimos and brass 1 and 2 pesos uruguayos were introduced. 5 and 10 pesos uruguayos were introduced in 2003 and 2004, respectively. The coins replaced same value notes. Coins in circulation are:

Value Image Obverse Reverse Weight Diameter Thickness Material Edge Issued
1 U$ José Artigas Un Peso Uruguayo 3.5 g 20 mm 1.5 mm Aluminium-bronze Smooth 1994
Uruguayan coat of arms Armadillo Brass plated Steel 2011
2 U$ José Artigas Dos Pesos Uruguayos 4.5 g 23 mm 1.6 mm Aluminium-bronze 1994
Uruguayan coat of arms Capybara Brass plated Steel 2011
5 U$ José Artigas Cinco Pesos Uruguayos 6.3 g 26 mm 1.7 mm Aluminium-bronze 2003
Uruguayan coat of arms Greater Rhea Brass 2011
10 U$ José Artigas with the dates of his birth and death "SEAN LOS ORIENTALES TAN ILUSTRADOS COMO VALIENTES",

Signature of José Artigas

 10.4 g 28 mm 2.45 mm Bimetallic: aluminium-bronze center in stainless steel ring 2000
Uruguayan coat of arms Puma in front of rising sun with 19 rays Bimetallic 2011
50 U$ Radiant sun with face, "BICENTENARIO DE LOS HECHOS HISTORICOS"

• 1811-2011 •

 José Artigas Copper plated steel Reeded 2011

In July 2010, 50 centésimos coins were withdrawn from circulation.

New 1, 2, 5, and 10 pesos coins were introduced in January 2011.[3]

Banknotes

In 1995–1996, banknotes in denominations of, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 200, 500 (all modified versions of 5,000, 10,000, 20,000, 50,000, 100,000, 200,000 and 500,000 nuevo peso banknotes respectively) and 1000 pesos uruguayos were introduced, followed by new models of 5 and 10 pesos uruguayos notes in 1999. In 2003, 5 and 10 pesos uruguayos notes have been replaced by coins and 2000 pesos uruguayos were introduced. A new series of banknotes were introduced in 2014–2015, the same as the previous issue without the vertical word "URUGUAY" on the left side. Banknotes in circulation are:

Images ValueDescriptionIssue
ObverseReverseObverseReverseWatermark
$20 Juan Zorrilla de San Martín La leyenda patria 20 and electrotype 20, Veinte 2015
$50 José Pedro Varela Monumento a José Pedro Varela 50 and electrotype 50, Cincuenta 2015
$100 Eduardo Fabini God Pan 100 and electrotype 100, Cien 2015
$200 Pedro Figari "Baile Antiguo" (Old Dance) 200 and electrotype 200, Doscientos 2015
$500 Alfredo Vásquez Acevedo University of the Republic, Montevideo 500 and electrotype 500, Quinientos 2014
$1000 Juana de Ibarbourou Ibarbourou Square, books 1000 and electrotype 1000, Mil 2015
$2000 Dámaso Antonio Larrañaga National Library, Montevideo 2000 and electrotype 2000, Dos Mil 2015
Current UYU exchange rates
From Google Finance: AUD CAD CHF CNY EUR GBP HKD JPY USD ARS BRL
From Yahoo! Finance: AUD CAD CHF CNY EUR GBP HKD JPY USD ARS BRL
From XE.com: AUD CAD CHF CNY EUR GBP HKD JPY USD ARS BRL
From OANDA: AUD CAD CHF CNY EUR GBP HKD JPY USD ARS BRL

Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC)

Although in many parts of the world, the amount of cash in circulation has risen over the last decade, there are some countries that buck the trend. In this small club of jurisdictions, a few have considered general purpose CBDCs that would be a complement to cash. Sweden and Uruguay are notable not just for the advanced stage of their work but the amount of information their central banks have made publicly available about their respective projects.[4]

Unidad Previsional (UP)

Uruguay maintains a currency account unit named Unidad Previsional (UP), ISO 4217 code UYW.[5]

Unidad Indexada (UI)

Unidad Indexada (UP), ISO 4217 code UYI, is a consumer price indicator for Uruguay.[6]

See also

References
  1. "XE.com. World Currency Symbols." Accessed 23 Feb 2011.
  2. "BCU".
  3. "Coins minted in accordance with Law 18.135" (PDF) (in Spanish). Central Bank of Uruguay. January 11, 2011. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-05-15.
  4. "Proceeding with caution – a survey on central bank digital currency" (PDF). January 2019.
  5. "Unidad Previsional". Instituto Nacional de Estadística. Retrieved 2022-11-08.
  6. "Unidad Indexada". Instituto Nacional de Estadística. Retrieved 2022-11-08.
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