Pataini temple

Pataini temple or Pataini devi temple is a 5th century Jain temple located near Unchehara town in the state of Madhya Pradesh. The temple was constructed during the reign of Gupta Empire.

Pataini temple
Pataini devi temple
Pataini devi temple
Religion
AffiliationJainism
DeityPataini Devi
Location
LocationUnchehara, Satna district, Madhya Pradesh
Geographic coordinates24°26′18.1″N 80°46′32″E
Architecture
StyleGupta architecture
Date established5th century

Location

The temple is located on a lofty hill 12.87 kilometres (8.00 mi) North of Unchehara on Satna-Unchehara road in the state of Madhya Pradesh.[1][2]

History

This temple, discovered by Alexander Cunningham in 1873-74,[2] is noted to date back to Gupta Empire. The temple houses a 10th—11th century inscription that details the name of residing deities.[3][1] The temple is wedged out by 0.3 metres (1 ft 0 in) from the back wall corner indicating an attempt was made to pull down the temple but was possibly interrupted by villagers.[4]

Architecture
Plan of Pataini temple

The temple is a small 2.08 by 1.98 metres (6 ft 10 in by 6 ft 6 in) structure notable for its massive Gupta style single flat slab 2.34 by 2.24 metres (7 ft 8 in by 7 ft 4 in) roof.[note 1][6][1][5][3][7] The temple enshrines a 1.07 metres (3 ft 6 in) idol of Jain Goddess Pataini Devi flanked by two male figures inside a small mandapa.[8][2] The idol originally had 4 arms but are now damaged and thus idol is not recoginsable.[9]

The temple entrance has an ornate door frame and features two remarkable mouldings which is a common feature of Gupta architecture.[10]

Sculptures
Temple entrance with images of Jain and Hindu deities

The mandapa of the temple enshrines an idol of Jain Goddess Pataini Devi flanked by two male figures.[8] The idol is surrounded by small figures, 5 above, 7 to the right and left, and 4 below the idol.[1] Above these figures are carvings of Tirthankaras in lotus position with image of Neminatha seated on a pedestal with symbol Shankha (conch).[2]

According to a 10th—11th century inscription, the figures are named as follows:[1][11]

S. No.AboveLeftRight
1 Bahurupini Aparajita Jaya
2 Chamunda Mahamunusi Anantamati
3 Padmavati Anantamati Vairata
4 Vijaya Gandhari Gauri
5 Saraswati Mansai Kali
6 Jwalamalini Mahakali
7 Manuji Vrijamsakala

The doorway outside has three figures, in the middle is an image of Rishabhanatha seated under a canopy with a bull pedestal. On the left and right sides, there is a five-headed snake hood image of Suparshvanatha and a seven-headed snake hood image of Parshvanatha. The presiding idol of Pataini Devi was identified Jain Goddess based on these three images by Alexander Cunningham.[3] There are carvings of Shiva and Parvati below the images of Tirthankara. The bottom of the door jabs bears images of Goddess Yamuna and Ganga with attendants.[2]

See also

Notes
  1. Gupta period temple with flat roof design includes temples in Tigawa, and Eran.[5]

References

Citation
  1. Cunningham 1879, p. 31.
  2. Archaeological Survey of India 1921, p. 108.
  3. "General view of the Jain Temple of Pataini Devi, Pithaora". British Library. Retrieved 2 July 2022.
  4. Cunningham 1879, p. 33.
  5. Datta & Beynon 2016, p. 49.
  6. Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland 1881, p. 36.
  7. Rawlinson 1881, p. 36.
  8. Beglar 1878, p. 28.
  9. "Statue inside the Pathain Devi Temple, Pithaora". British Library. Retrieved 2 July 2022.
  10. Cunningham 1879, p. 32.
  11. Archaeological Survey of India 1921, pp. 108–109.

Sources

Media related to Pataini temple at Wikimedia Commons

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