PARM 1 mine
The PARM 1 (DM12) and PARM 2 (DM22) are German off-route mines that fire small fin stabilized rockets. PARM stands for PanzerAbwehrRichtMine, anti-tank directional mine.
| PARM 1 | |
|---|---|
 An inert, training version of the PARM1 DM-12 | |
| Type | Off-route anti-tank mine |
| Place of origin | Germany |
| Service history | |
| In service | 1988–present |
| Used by | Germany, Ukraine[1] |
| Production history | |
| Variants | PARM 2 |
| Specifications | |
Detonation mechanism | Fibre-optic crush sensor, or by command |
1600 DM22 mines were delivered to Ukrainian armed services in early May 2022.[2]
Development
The mine was developed in the early 1980s to meet the US MIL-STD-331A and US MIL-STD-810C requirements. Trials of the mine were conducted between March 1983 and March 1988. In June 1988 it was accepted into service with the Bundeswehr, with the Army receiving the first batch of 25,000 between 1991 and 1994. The PARM 2 was a development of PARM 1 incorporating an infra-red sensor and an improved rocket.
PARM 1
The PARM 1 is mounted on a small tripod, allowing it to be traversed through 360 degrees, elevated to 90 degrees and depressed to −45 degrees. The mine is manually emplaced and incorporates an arming delay of five minutes. It can be detonated either by command or by a fibre optic trigger cable, which triggers the mine when it is crushed.
The mine has an effective range of between 2 and 40 metres (7 and 131 ft). The rocket has a velocity of approximately 120 metres per second (390 ft/s; 270 mph), and has a claimed armour penetration of 600 millimetres (24 in).
PARM 2
The PARM 2 incorporates an infra-red sensor, the SAPIR, which acts to accurately fire the rocket to ranges up to 100 metres (330 ft). The warhead of the PARM 2 has been upgraded, with armour penetration of 750 millimetres (30 in) and a capability against reactive armour. It can be programmed to be active for between several hours and 30 days.
Specifications
| Model | PARM 1 | PARM 2 |
|---|---|---|
| Length | 640 mm | ? |
| Height | 391 mm | 300 to 700 mm |
| Warhead diameter |
132 mm | 110 mm |
| Weight | 10 kg | 20 kg |
| Warhead | 1.4 kg | 1.9 kg |
| Range | 2 to 40 m | 4 to 100 m |
See also
References
- Ukraine is Using Unique 'PARM 2' Mine Against Russian Armor, Here's How it Works., Soldier of Fortune, July 15, 2022
- Nikolov, Boyko (19 May 2022). "Germany delivers to Ukraine 4600 DM22/DM31 mines, 2450 RGW 90 ATGMs". bulgarianmilitary.com. Publico Limited. Retrieved 13 February 2023.