Our Lady of Consolation
Our Lady of Consolation or Mary, Comforter of the Afflicted (Latin: Nostra Domina de Consolatricis Afflictorum)[1] is a title of the Blessed Virgin Mary and venerated in the Roman Catholic Church.
History
The origin of this invocation is derived from the Augustinian friars who propagated this particular devotion. Along with Saints Augustine, and Monica, Our Lady of Consolation is one of the three patrons of the Augustinian orders. The title Consolatrix Afflictorum (Comforter of the Afflicted) is part of the Litany of Loreto, and is Augustinian in origin.[2] Devotion to Our Lady of Consolation was propagated by the Augustinian monks. By the early 18th century the custom of asking for the final blessing before death in the name of Our Lady of Consolation was very popular.[3]
In congregations of the Augustinian Order, the "Augustinian Rosary" is sometimes called the "Crown of Our Mother of Consolation". The traditional depiction of Our Mother of Consolation in Augustinian houses show Mary holding the Child Jesus on her lap. They both hold the Augustinian cincture in their hands.[4]
 |
| Part of a series on the |
| Mariology of the Catholic Church |
|---|
 |
 Catholicism portal |
Archconfraternity
The oldest and most celebrated of these Confraternities of the Cord is probably the Archconfraternity of Our Lady of Consolation, also called the Archconfraternity of the Cincture of Saint Monica, Saint Augustine and Saint Nicholas of Tolentino.[5] In 1439, the Augustinian Order obtained the faculty to set up the Confraternity of the Cincture for lay people.[6] Later on, it was adopted by the Hermits of Saint Augustine as a distinctive part of their habit.[7]
The confraternity of Our Lady of Consolation was founded in 1495 in Bologna, Italy. In 1575 both confraternities merged in a single Archconfraternity of Our Lady of Consolation and Cincture.[6] Other similar confraternities were aggregated to the Archconfraternity in Bologna.[8]
The annual feast of the Archconfraternity is 4 September.[9] Members are obliged to wear a black leather belt, to fast on the vigil of the feast of Saint Augustine and to recite daily the "Little Rosary of Our Lady of Consolation" which is composed of thirteen couplets of beads. The essential prayers to be said are Our Father and Hail Mary repeated thirteen times after which is recited the Hail Holy Queen.[10]
For the erection of and reception into this archconfraternity, special faculties must be had from the prior general. The headquarters of the society is the Church of Sant'Agostino, Rome where the body of Saint Monica lies.[5]
Marian Cult and Veneration
The feast of Our Lady of Consolation is observed in several Catholic countries within orders or religious institutes.
- The Order of Saint Augustine observe it on September 4.[11]
- The Order of Friars Minor Conventual observe it on May 25[1]
- The Order of Saint Benedict on July 5.
In Malta, the feast is celebrated on the last Sunday of October with pyrotechnic displays by Our Lady of Consolation Fireworks Factory.[12] The Feast Day in Rome for Our Lady of Consolation is January 31; in the United States it is the Saturday after the Feast of Saint Augustine (August 28).
Argentina
Pope Benedict XVI granted a decree of canonical coronation for the venerated 17th-century image of Our Lady of Consolation in Sumampa, Argentina, on 21 November 2009.
Belgium
Pope Pius X granted a decree of pontifical coronation on 19 June 1907 towards a Pietà image dating from 1535 in the Franciscan church of Leuven. The image, also known as “Our Lady of Koorts” or “Our Lady of Fever” due to its longstanding claim to heal the sick, was renamed Our Lady of Consolation of the Afflicted by popular demand.[13]
France
Stanbrook Abbey was founded in 1623 at Cambrai as the monastery of "Our Lady of Consolation", for English Catholic expatriates.
- Pope Innocent X encouraged the devotion to Our Lady of Consolation by establishing a French confraternity in 1652.
- Pope Pius IX granted a canonical coronation to an image with the title of "Our Lady, Consoler of the Afflicted" in Verdelais on 2 July 1856.
- Pope Pius X granted a decree of coronation to another image of Our Lady of Consolation in Hyeres on 21 June 1909.
- Pope Pius XI raised the shrine in Verdelais to the status of Minor basilica via the Pontifical decree Exstat in Civitate on 1 February 1924.
The dioceses of Vannes, Valence, Montpelier, Laval, Nantes, Périgueux, Tours and many others, dedicated churches or chapels to Our Lady of Consolation.[14]
Germany
Our Lady Comforter of the Afflicted is venerated in the Marian Basilica of Kevelaer. In 1642 a copperplate engraving, representing Our Lady of Luxembourg, was installed in a sanctuary erected the same year. It is one of the best visited Catholic pilgrimage locations in north-western Europe.
- Pope Benedict XIV — granted its pilgrims abundant indulgences on 24 August 1740.
- Pope Gregory XVI — extended more titles to the image on 14 June 1840.
- Pope Leo XIII — granted a decree of pontifical coronation on 20 July 1890 and was crowned on 1 June 1892.
- Pope Pius XI — issued a Pontifical decree In Civitate Appellata which raised her sanctuary to the status of Basilica on 23 April 1923, the decree was signed by Vatican Secretary of State, Cardinal Pietro Gasparri.
- Pope John Paul II — visited the shrine on 2 May 1987.[15]
Italy
In Turin
A church at the site, probably dedicated to the Blessed Virgin Mary, stood adjacent to the ancient Roman walls of the city. Pious legends claim that Saint Eusebius of Vercelli brought back an icon of Our Lady of Consolation when he was returning from exile in Egypt in 363 A.D. This venerated icon was presented to the city of Turin. Later on Bishop Maximus of Turin established a small shrine to house the icon in a church dedicated to Saint Andrew the Apostle.
Pope Pius X granted a decree of pontifical coronation for the image on 18 June 1904. Its ensemble of twenty-four stars was donated by former Queen of Italy, Margherita of Savoy while the rest of its regalia were donated from the princes of Savoy and noble ladies of Turin. The rite of coronation was granted and executed by the Prefect of the Sacred Congregation of the Index, Cardinal Vincenzo Vannutelli in a public religious event.
The icon became the object of great veneration, and the church was later dedicated as Santuario della Consolata, later raised to the status of Minor Basilica by Pope Pius X on 7 April 1906.
A famed Catholic priest, Joseph Marello (Age 19), contracted the Typhus disease. He attributed his recovery to Our Lady of Consolation and recovered. In 1878, he founded the Oblates of Saint Joseph.[16]
In the 20th century, the rector of the Santuario della Consolata, Giuseppe Allamano, founded the Congregation of Clerics of Consolata Missionaries in 1902. These Christian missionaries later brought the devotion of Our Lady of Consolation to the peoples of Africa.
In the Palatine Hill
Another namesake image in Rome is enshrined since 23 June 1385, a condemned prisoner named Giordanello degli Alberini was in the Campidoglio waiting to be executed, entrusts his testamentary dispositions to the Roman notary Pietro Mancini. Among which he donates two gold florins to have an image of the Madonna painted to be placed in the place of executions in front of the gallows, next to "Santa Maria delle Grazie under Mount Campidoglio". The painting was created and placed on the wall of some barns of the Mattei family in Vico Jugario. It represents the Virgin seated with the child standing on her knees in the act of benediction and supporting her globe. The image was restored and repainted by the Roman artisan Antoniazzo Romano several times in 1465.
In 7 June 1470, the miracle of Our Lady of Consolation took place. According to Giovanni Antonio Bruzio, on that road corresponding to the ancient vico iugario there were the granaries of the Mattei Roman patricians. In their portico there was an image of the Holy Virgin, to whom a pious mother recommended herself, whose innocent son had been imprisoned and sentenced to death for evildoings, the Virgin told him, consoling her, that her son would not die, but miraculously saved from the forces. After this the faithful often offered gifts to this image and it was entrusted to the confraternity of Santa Maria in Portico. Near those granaries there was also a small hospital, near which a namesake church, the Santa Maria della Consolazione was later built.
Pope Sixtus V recognized the pious association under this Marian title on 3 June 1585 and issued a Pontifical decree titled Licet ex Debito which elevated their status to an Archconfraternity.
Pope Urban VIII further approved the venerated image recognized by the Vatican Chapter, which was promoted by Count Alessandro Sforza and Pontifically crowned on 7 December 1634.[17]
In Reggio Calabria
The devotion started when the Bishop of Cavaillon, Girolamo Cancelli invited twelve friars of the Order of Capuchins to the site donated by the Italian nobleman Giovanni Bernardo Mileto where an existing smaller statue of the “Madonna of Consolation” was already enshrined. They finished a cloister in 1569 using the new rules of the Franciscan Order.
The Italian nobleman Lord Camillo Diano tasked the artisan Nicolò Andrea Capriolo in 1547 to make a larger image under this title. The canvas depicts Mary seated on a throne holding the Child Jesus and flanked by Saint Francis of Assisi holding a cross and a Bible and Saint Anthony of Padua holding a Lily flower and Christian book while a pair of Angels crown the head of the Madonna.
According to pious legend, this large painting mysteriously disappeared from its original place in Reggio Calabria Cathedral, only to be re-discovered by a young shepherd on the nearby hill of Eremo. The painting was brought back to the cathedral, only to be found again on the same hill. The faithful took this as a supernatural sign from the Blessed Virgin Mary and built a church on the exact site where the icon had appeared. The image remains today in what is known as the Basilica of Our Lady of Consolation in Eremo, Calabria. The first organized procession was recorded in 1636. The local townspeople decorated the image with silver crowns on their own accord on 10 November 1693 in thanksgiving for the earthquake relief in January 1693. These crowns are now located on the backside panel of the framed image.
Pope Innocent XIII granted the image a canonical coronation on 15 September 1722 with ornate crowns offered by the Vatican Chapter, currently installed on the image.
The local government further decreed the Marian title as their city patroness on 26 August 1752. The church was originally dedicated to Saint Theodore the Martyr and Saint Catherine of Alexandria but the enshrinement of the image dedicated it to the Madonna by popular demand. It was completely damaged due to earthquake in 1908 and was rebuilt in 1965. A new altar was made and modern bronze panels were crafted by Italian artist Alessandro Monteleone (1897—1967).
Pope Paul VI raised the shrine to the status of Minor Basilica via the decree Rhegium Urbs on 28 November 1971. The image was stolen from its shrine on 17 August 1982 but was returned a few days later due to public outcry.
In Salerno
Another image was honored a canonical coronation by Pope Pius X decreeing the coronation on 16 July 1905. The ceremony took place on 1 October 1906 for the image venerated in the Church of Our Lady of Consolation in San Valentino Torio.
Japan
The Augustinian church located in the Shiroyama district of Nagasaki, Japan, is dedicated to Our Mother of Consolation.[18]
Luxembourg
The devotion to Our Lady of Luxembourg, Comforter of the Afflicted, was initiated by the Jesuits in 1624 and led to the election of Our Lady as the protectress of the city in 1666 and of the duchy in 1678.
After the destruction of the old pilgrimage chapel at the time of the French Revolution, the namesake statue of Our Lady of Luxembourg was moved to the high altar of the former Church of Saint Peter, today renamed as the Notre-Dame Cathedral in Luxembourg City.[19]
Statues depicting her can be found in niches in buildings throughout the city of Luxembourg.[20] From there the devotion was adopted by the English Benedictine nuns of Cambrai. It is solemnly celebrated during the Oktav.
This devotion was later expanded in 1875 to Carey, Ohio, United States where a basilica enshrines a namesake statue today.
Malta
In the 1700s, members of the Augustinian Order introduced the devotion to Our Lady of Consolation to the island of Malta. On 1 December 1722, the Prior General of the Augustinian Order, Thomas Cervioni, issued the decree for the erection of the Confraternity of Our Lady of Consolation in the Church of Saint Mark, operated by the Augustinian Order at Rabat, Malta.
By this time the pious custom of asking for the final benediction before death in the name of this Marian title became very popular, and the friars were given a dispensation to leave the monastery at any time to confer it. Eventually, Marian processions were suspended during the French occupation of 1798 to discourage the gathering of crowds.[21]
A venerated namesake image is enshrined at the Church of Saint Augustine in Valetta, Malta which features the Marian apparition to Saint Monica receiving the Holy Cincture. The image was painted in 1786 by the Maltese artisan Hermenegildus Grech.
The Philippines
In Manila
Pious accounts claim that the image arrived sometime in the 17th century. Accordingly in 1607, the Confraternity of the Cofradia de la Nuestra Señora de la Consolacion y Correa was founded in Intramuros, Manila being one of the oldest Marian confraternities in the country. The image survived the Second World War being hidden for safekeeping.[22]
Pope John Paul II issued a pontifical decree of canonical coronation towards the image on 12 June 1999. The rite of coronation was executed by the former Archbishop of Manila, Cardinal Jaime Sin on 4 September 2000.[23]
On 13 February 2004, the original image of the Child Jesus attached to the Madonna was stolen.[24]
In Palawan
The Marian devotion in Cuyo, Palawan began when the namesake image is brought by the Augustinian Recollects in 1623. Pious claims of a Marian apparition about a woman being seen along the scenic shore of Capusan, which is just a stone's throw away from the fortress parochial church. It is said by the town's Gurang Gurangs that the said woman have wavy long hair and that she carries with her a young boy by her side. On checking the retablo inside the church, they would later find out that the image of Our Lady of Consolation atop the altar was missing and thought that she might be that lady they saw along the shores of Capusan.
This image was episcopally crowned on 27 August 2022, coinciding with the fourth centenary of Christianity in the island province of Palawan.[25]
In Bulacan
The once visita in the town of Paombong was established as a parish in 1639, in which the Augustinian friars would introduce and propagate the devotion to Our Lady of Consolation and Cincture. In 1974, with the permission from the Archbishop of Manila, the Cofradia de la Nuestra Señora de la Consolación y Correa was established in Paombong to further strengthen the devotion, with its feast being celebrated every first Sunday of September. In 1988, the image was proclaimed as the Secondary Patroness or "Patronang Pandangal" of the town and the devotion was further streghtened at that time. However, the devotion faced a decline with the death of most of the Cofradia's members.
Another contributing factor of the decline was when it was discovered that the image was made of ivory when a finger of the Child Jesus was broken. Out of fear of theft and for safekeeping measures, the image was kept in a well guarded glass altar-vault and it remained there for decades since 1993. To compensate, a replica was commissioned for processions and other parish functions. Though the safekeeping measure is understandable, the devotees felt that there was a wall that separated them with their patroness which led to the waning of the devotion.
In recent years, there was a renewed interest to revive the waning devotion to Nuestra Señora de la Consolacion y Correa de Paombong in line of the 400th founding anniversary of Paombong and the 380th anniversary of establishment of the parish and the arrival of the Virgin. Since 2009, a series of programs and activities were carefully planned for the revival of the devotion.
On 28 December 2019, after nearly 26 years, the original image was reintroduced to public veneration and was vested with a new regalia which gained much momentum. The parish are working and organizing documents to formally petition its episcopal coronation.[26][27]
Poland
Several images of the Blessed Virgin Mary under the title of Our Lady of Consolation have been honored by several popes and are venerated throughout Poland.
- Pope John XXIII — granted a decree of coronation for Nowy Sącz on 10 August 1963.
- Pope Paul VI — granted a decree of coronation for the namesake Marian images:
- in Dąbrówka Kościelna, canonically crowned on 15 June 1969.
- In Golina, canonically crowned on 23 August 1970.[28]
- In Szamotuły, canonically crowned on 20 September 1970.[29]
- In Jodłowa, canonically crowned on 31 August 1975.
- In the Parish of the Nativity of Stara Blotnica, canonically crowned on 21 August 1977.
- Pope John Paul II — granted a decree of coronation for the namesake Marian images:
- In Orchówek crowned by pontifical decree on 2 September 1990.[30]
- In Pasierbiec, canonically crowned on 28 August 1993.[31]
- In the Franciscan Church and monastery of Gniezno, image canonically crowned on 3 June 1997.[32]
- In the Church of the Annunciation of Miedzna, icon under the title "Comforter of the Afflicted", canonically crowned on 22 June 1997.[33]
- In the Church of the Holy Trinity in Lubiszewo Tczewskie, canonically crowned on 31 August 1997.[34]
- In the Church of Saint Catherine of Alexandria of Kraków, image canonically crowned on 9 December 2000 (Great Jubilee Year).[35]
- Pope Francis — granted a decree of coronation for the namesake Marian images:
Spain
In Utrera, Sevilla
The venerated image of Our Lady of Consolation is a small carving of the seated virgin in the late Byzantine style, which dates back to the end of the 14th century, although its external appearance was later modified to adapt it to the tastes of the baroque prevailing in lower Andalusia. Despite this change to being upright and covered in rich fabrics, the great centuries-old devotion that it received since the beginning of its veneration in this Sevillian countryside was not diminished.
On 7 July 1963, Pope Paul VI signed the decree officially granting the canonical coronation of the statue. With much prompt, the coronation ceremony was carried out on 1 May 1964 on the Plaza del Altozano.[39]
On 7 March 1989, under this Marian title, was declared as the patroness of Utrera.[40]
In Valdepeñas, Ciudad Real
According to legend, the image was discovered in 1212, when the province of La Mancha was reconquered after the Christian victory in Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa and a chapel was later built in her honor. On 30 November 2016, Pope Francis granted an official decree of canonical coronation towards the image which took place on 1 June 2019.[41]
United Kingdom
The Shrine of Our Lady of Consolation in West Grinstead, in the Diocese of Arundel and Brighton dates from 1876 and is the first shrine in honour of the Blessed Virgin Mary to be established in England since before the Protestant Reformation.
Pope Leo XIII granted this venerated image a decree of pontifical coronation on 12 July 1893.[14]
United States of America
In 1848, Luxembourgish immigrants began to settle in the area around Dacada, Wisconsin. The eldest statue of Our Lady of Consolation in the United States was brought by a Luxembourg immigrant, Anna Margaret Deppiesse, in 1849 and later donated to Saint Nicholas Church.[42]
During the American Civil War, three parishioners of Saint Augustine's Parish in Leopold, Indiana, fought for the North and were imprisoned at Andersonville Prison. Former Belgian nationals, Henry Devillez, Isidore Naviaux and Lambert Rogier, vowed that if they survived, one of them would make a pilgrimage to Luxembourg and obtain a copy of the statue of Our Lady of Consolation that stood in their ancestral church. Rogier went to Luxembourg in 1867 and upon his return in 1875 then enshrined it in Saint Augustine Church, where it now stands to the left of the main altar. In September 2013, the Archbishop of Indianapolis, Cardinal Joseph William Tobin dedicated a larger outdoor garden shrine.[43]
One of the two main celebrations held each year in the Tacony section of Philadelphia were Our Lady of Consolation's Feast Day Parade. (The other is Memorial Day.) Each July statues of the saints were paraded through the streets of the neighborhood.[44]
Pope Paul VI raised the namesake Marian shrine to the status of Minor Basilica in Carey, Ohio via his Pontifical decree Quam Prope Assit on 21 October 1971. The decree was signed and notarized by the Dean of the College of Cardinals and Grand Chancellor of the Apostolic Briefs, Cardinal Luigi Traglia. Today, the Basilica and National Shrine of Our Lady of Consolation is administered by the Order of Saint Francis.
Venezuela
A namesake image dating from the sixteenth century is also enshrined in Tariba, Venezuela. The image of the Madonna and child is framed in solid gold with jewels donated by pious Marian devotees from the country.
Pope John XXIII raised the Marian shrine to the status of Minor Basilica via his Pontifical Decree Solacium ac Levationem on 20 October 1959. The same Pontiff later granted a pontifical decree of coronation titled Alacres Dei on 9 November 1959 towards the namesake image enshrined at the Basilica of Our Lady of Consolation, Táriba, Venezuela. The rite of coronation was executed on 12 March 1967 by the Archbishop of Caracas, Cardinal José Humberto Quintero Parra.[45]
Associations to Film
In the fictionalized film Elizabeth (1998), Queen Mary I of England requests her cousin the Princess Elizabeth I, the retention of the Roman Catholic Church as the state religion after her passing, mentioning the “Consolations of the Blessed Virgin, (their) Holy Mother” with a Marian statue of the namesake image featured in the background.
Gallery
.JPG.webp)
References
- "Our Lady of Consolation – Conventual Franciscan Friars, Province of Our Lady of Consolation". franciscansusa.org.
- "Our Lady of Consolation", Marian Library, University of Dayton
- ""The Augustinian Friars and Devotion to Our Lady in the Maltese Islands", Malta Historical Society". Archived from the original on January 31, 2016. Retrieved August 17, 2014.
- "Our Mother of Consolation". Midwest Augustinians.
- Hilgers, Joseph. "Sodality." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 14. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1912. 17 Aug. 2014
- Augustinian Recollects
- Heckmann, Ferdinand. "Confraternities of the Cord." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 4. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1908. 17 Aug. 2014
- "Cofradia de Neustra Señora de la Consolacion y Correa"
- "Mary – Mother of Consolation", Augustinians of the Province of Australasia
- Roten, S.M., Johann. "Chaplets: The Little Rosary of Our Lady of Consolation", Marian Library, University of Dayton
- "OSA : Mary - Mother of Consolation". www.osa.org.au.
- "FEAST OF OUR LADY OF CONSOLATION - Visitmalta - The official tourism website for Malta, Gozo and Comino". www.visitmalta.com.
- belgiansculptures.be
- "Our Lady of Consolation of West Grinstead - Introduction". www.consolation.org.uk.
- "City of Kevelaer - Wallfahrt". www.kevelaer.de.
- "Saint Joseph Marello" Long Island Catholic, May 16, 2012
- "Santa Maria della Consolazione".
- "Daughters of St. Paul --Catholic Churches in Japan". english.pauline.or.jp.
- "INSTITUT GRAND-DUCAL DE LUXEMBOURG". www.institutgrandducal.lu.
- "Our Lady of Consolation". mavweb.mnsu.edu.
- "Schembri, Henry. The Augustinian Friars and Devotion to Our Lady in the Maltese Islands, p. 313, Malta Historical Society". Archived from the original on January 31, 2016. Retrieved August 6, 2017.
- "Nuestra Señora de la Consolacion y Correa de Intramuros".
- "Intramuros' San Agustin Church launches Our Lady of Consolation pilgrim image". May 8, 2023.
- Aravilla, Jose (February 20, 2004). "San Agustin Church loses 300-year-old 'Niño' image". Philstar.com.
- Elivera, Rev. Fr. Eugene (August 27, 2022). "Our Lady of Cuyo". PALAWAN NEWS.
- "Nuestra Señora de la Consolacion y Correa de Paombong".
- Panganiban, Kendrick Ivan B. (January 2, 2020). "After 26 years, Paombong patroness brought out for veneration". CBCPNEWS.
- "Koronacja obrazu - Sanktuarium Maryjne w Golinie". Retrieved November 22, 2022.
- "Rok temu minęło 50 lat od koronacji cudownego obrazu Matki Bożej Szamotuł Pani". szamotuly.naszemiasto.pl (in Polish). September 5, 2021.
- "Saepe nos - Littera apostolica | Ioannes Paulus II". www.vatican.va. March 26, 1987.
- "Notum est - Littera Apostolica | Ioannes Paulus II". www.vatican.va. August 4, 1992.
- "Mater Iesu - Littera apostolica | Ioannes Paulus II". www.vatican.va. November 20, 1996.
- "Lucis Matrem - Littera apostolica | Ioannes Paulus II". www.vatican.va. September 5, 1996.
- "Vivens est - Littera apostolica | Ioannes Paulus II". www.vatican.va. March 6, 1997.
- "4 września: Najświętszej Maryi Panny Matki Pocieszenia" (in Polish).
- "Matka Boża Pocieszenia z Wiela otryzmała papieskie korony - Radio Głos". Retrieved February 27, 2022.
- "Papieskie Korony dla Matki Bożej z Miejsca Piastowego i Komborni". Archidiecezja Przemyska (in Polish). June 11, 2017.
- "W drugim dniu Świąt Bożego Narodzenia". gdansk.tvp.pl (in Polish). Retrieved March 5, 2022.
- "Aniversario Coronación Virgen de Consolación". Caminos de Pasion. May 1, 2023.
- "UTRERA. NUESTRA SEÑORA DE CONSOLACIÓN" (in Spanish). January 3, 2014.
- "La Virgen de Consolación de Valdepeñas será coronada pontificalmente". Lanza Digital (in Spanish). February 21, 2017.
- "St. Nicholas Church, Dacada, Wisconsin". Travel Photos by Galen R Frysinger.
- Cornwell, Patricia Happel. "Archbishop rededicates Marian shrine at St. Augustine Parish in Leopold", The Criterion, September 20, 2013
- "c". www.nephillyhistory.com.
- "Documentos". Retrieved July 20, 2023.