Ostrów Tumski, Wrocław

Ostrów Tumski (Polish pronunciation: [ˈɔstruf ˈtumski], lit. 'Cathedral Island', German: Dominsel) is the oldest part of the city of Wrocław in south-western Poland. It was formerly an island (ostrów in Old Polish language) between branches of the Oder River. Today it is known as popular touristic place because of the Lamplighter. Ostrów Tumski is one of the few remaining locations in Europe where a Lamplighter lights the gas street lights every evening. [1]

For other uses, see Ostrów Tumski.
Islands in Wrocław, with the former Cathedral Island on the right

History

Archaeological excavations have shown that the western part of Ostrów Tumski, between the Church of St. Martin and the Holy Cross, was the first area to be inhabited. The first, wooden church (St. Martin), dating from the 10th century, was surrounded by defensive walls built on the banks of the river. The island had approximately 1,500 inhabitants at that time.

The first constructions on Ostrów Tumski were built in the 10th century by the Piast dynasty, and were made from wood. The first building from solid material was St. Martin's chapel, built probably at the beginning of the eleventh century by Benedictine monks. Not long after the first cathedral was raised, in place of the small church. Religious buildings appeared in Ostrów Tumski because during the Congress of Gniezno in AD 1000, it was decided to create a bishopric in Wrocław.

In 1163 the settlement was raided by Boleslaw I the Tall who had returned from his banishment. After taking control of the area and waiting for the political situation in Silesia to stabilize, he chose Ostrów Tumski as his new capital. He began replacing the wooden defenses with brick ones and build a Roman-style residence.

In 1315 Ostrów Tumski was sold to the church. Since the island ceased to be under secular jurisdiction, it was often used by those who had broken the law in Wrocław, as a place of sanctuary. An interesting indication of the special status of the island was a ban on wearing any headdress by men, effective even on Tumski Bridge beyond the border pole of this small "ecclesiastical nation" (the law also applied to royalty).

In 1503-1538 Nicolaus Copernicus was a canon of the collegiate chapter of the Holy Cross at Ostrów Tumski.[2][3]

In 1766 at Ostrów Tumski, Giacomo Casanova lived at the house of Father Bastiani.[4]

  • Ostrów Tumski in the 18th century (by Friedrich Bernhard Werner)
    Ostrów Tumski in the 18th century (by Friedrich Bernhard Werner)
  • St. Giles Church, built in the 1220s
    St. Giles Church, built in the 1220s
  • Wrocław Cathedral
    Wrocław Cathedral
  • Tumski Bridge
    Tumski Bridge
  • John of Nepomuk Monument
    John of Nepomuk Monument
  • Archbishop's Palace
    Archbishop's Palace
  • Ostrów Tumski as seen from the Piasek Island
    Ostrów Tumski as seen from the Piasek Island
  • Wrocław Seminary, built in 1894
    Wrocław Seminary, built in 1894

See also

References
  1. The best 40 things to do in Wroclaw WroclawGuide.com. Retrieved on 21. August 2023.
  2. "Kopernik we Wrocławiu". www.wroclaw.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 2020-12-26.
  3. ""Copernicus", or new sculpture at airport [PHOTOS, VIDEO]". www.wroclaw.pl. Retrieved 2020-12-26.
  4. "Katedralna, ul". Portal of Wrocławiu. Retrieved 6 April 2019.

51°06′56″N 17°02′39″E

This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.