Prefectures of Greece

The "Prefectural Self-Governments" were formed in 1994[2] and replaced the previous prefectures, whose councils and prefects were appointed by the government.

Prefectures were governed by a Prefectural Council (νομαρχιακό συμβούλιο) made up of 21 to 37 members,[3] led by the Prefect (νομάρχης) and presided by a Council President (πρόεδρος).

Other organs of the prefectures were:

• The Prefectural Committee, consisted of the Prefect or an assistant appointed by him and 4 to 6 members, elected by the Prefectural Council.[4]
• The Provincial Council and
• The Eparchos (Sub-prefect/eparch, έπαρχος).

Super-prefectures had their own organs (Council, Committee and Super-prefect).

Prefectural councillors were elected via public election every four years. Three-fifths of all seats went to the combination winning a majority and two-fifths of the seats going to remaining parties based on a proportional system. Prefect became the president of the victorious electoral combination. Victorious is a combination which attains more than 42% in the first round of the prefectural elections. If no combination passes this threshold, a second round takes place between the two combinations that took the most votes in the first round.[5]

The State ultimately oversees the actions of local governments, including the prefectures, but the Constitution of Greece[6] and the Code of Prefectural Self-Government[7] still provide communities and municipalities with legal control over the administration of their designated areas.

The Code of Prefectural Self-Government does not include a non-restrictive list of prefectural duties, but a general rule, according to which the newly formed Prefectural Self-Governments have all the duties of the previous prefectures, which are related to their local affairs.[8] Nonetheless, the affairs of "(central) state administration" belonging to the prefects before 1994 are now exerted by the Presidents of the Regions (περιφερειάρχης).[9] The current Prefectural Self-Governments have kept the "local affairs of prefectureal level" not belonging to the "(central) state administration".[10]

With certain laws specific affairs of certain ministries were transferred to the Prefectural Self-Governments (sanitary committees, urban-planning services etc.).[11]

The following prefectures have been part of the Greek state since independence:

Notes:

1. Many of the prefectures were originally combined in pairs:
   1. Attica and Boeotia formed the Attica and Boeotia Prefecture
   2. Phthiotis Prefecture and Phocis Prefecture formed the Phthiotis and Phocis Prefecture (in 1833–1836 the Phocis and Locris Prefecture)
   3. Corinthia Prefecture and Argolis Prefecture formed Argolis and Corinthia Prefecture
   4. Achaea Prefecture and Elis Prefecture formed the Achaea and Elis Prefecture
2. Aetolia-Acarnania originally also included Evrytania. Unlike the rest mentioned above, the prefecture never broke up into two prefectures, thus being the only one left with a composite appellation.
3. Messenia originally included the southern half of what is now Elis.
4. Laconia originally included the southern-eastern half of what is now Messinia.
5. Euboea originally included the Sporades, which now belong to Magnesia.
6. The territory of Phthiotis Prefecture did not originally include the Domokos Province, which was part of Thessaly (under Ottoman rule until 1881). The area currently constituting the Domokos Province of the Fthiotis Prefecture only became a part of the Greek state in general, and of Phthiotis in particular, after the annexation of Thessaly to Greece in 1881.
7. Arcadia Prefecture and the Cyclades Prefecture are the only prefectures to have their borders unchanged since independence.
8. The capital of Argolis Prefecture, Nafplion was the first capital of the modern Greek state (1828–1834), before the move of the capital to Athens by King Otto.

There were several short-lived prefectures in areas of present Albania and Turkey, during the Greek occupation of those areas during World War I and the Greco-Turkish War (1919–1922) respectively:

• Argyrokastron (1915–1916), in Northern Epirus (southern Albania)
• Korytsa (1915–1916), in Northern Epirus (southern Albania)
• Adrianople (1920–1922), in Eastern Thrace (European Turkey)
• Kallipolis (1920–1922), in Eastern Thrace (European Turkey)
• Rhaedestos (1920–1922), in Eastern Thrace (European Turkey)
• Saranta Ekklisies (1920–1922), in Eastern Thrace (European Turkey)

• ISO 3166-2:GR

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Prefectures of Greece.

• Map of Greece at archive.today (archived 2012-12-04)
• "Nomarchy" . New International Encyclopedia. 1905.