Nitridosilicate

The nitridosilicates are chemical compounds that have anions with nitrogen bound to silicon. Counter cations that balance the electric charge are mostly electropositive metals from the alkali metals, alkaline earths or rare earth elements. Silicon and nitrogen have similar electronegativities, so the bond between them is covalent. Nitrogen atoms are arranged around a silicon atom in a tetrahedral arrangement.[1]

Related compounds include pnictogenidosilicates :phosphidosilicates, arsenidosilicates and antimonosilicates; pnictogenidogernamates: phosphidogermanates. By replacing silicon, there are also nitridogermanates, nitridostannates, nitridotantalates and nitridotitanates.

Use

Nitridosilicates are used as host substances for europium in LED phosphors. Examples include CASN (calcium aluminium silicide nitride) (CaAlSiN₃), SCASN (SrCaAlSiN₃) and SCSN (SrCaSiN₃). These fluoresce red.[2]

Production

Nitridosilicates can be made in a solid state reaction by heating silicon nitride with metallic nitrides in a nitrogen atmosphere at over 1300°C. If the mixtures are exposed to oxygen or air, then oxides or oxynitridosilicates are produced instead. Instead of metal nitrides, ammine complexes, amides or imides can be used instead. In place of the highly stable silicon nitride, silicon diimide can be used.[3] Carbothermal reduction involves using a metal oxide or carbonate heated with carbon in a nitrogen atmosphere.[4]

Properties

The ratio of silicon to nitrogen varies from 1:4 to 7:10 (0.25 to 0.7) with increased condensation, and fewer sites for metals with high silicon content. At a ratio of 3:4 (0.75) there is no longer capacity for metal, as that is silicon nitride.[5] The more condensed substances, with lower nitrogen content, have greater number of silicon atoms surrounding the nitrogen. This coordination number can vary from one to four, with the most common being three. The silicon atom always is coordinated by four nitrogen atoms. In the silicates, silicon is surrounded by four oxygen atoms, but each oxygen is only connected to one or two silicon atoms, and only very rarely three. So nitridosilicates can form more diverse structures than the silicates.[6]

Nitridosilicates with higher proportion of silicon (more condensed) are more resistant to attack by water and oxygen, and so can be exposed to the atmosphere without decomposition.[6] These condensed nitridosilicates are mechanically strong, and resistant to heat, acids and alkalis.[1]

SiN₄ tetrahedra can be connected to each other via vertices or edges. This differs from SiO₄ which only connects via vertices.[1]

Use

Nitridosilicates have been used to make abrasives, turbine blades, cutting tools and phosphors.[4]

Nitridosilicates

name	formula	formula weight	crystal system	space group	unit cell	volume	density	comments	ref
	LiSi₂N₃								[5]
	Li₂SiN₂								[7]
	Li₅SiN₃								[7]
	Li₈SiN₄								[8]
	Li₁₈Si₃N₁₀								[7]
	Li₂₁Si₃N₁₁			I4	a=9.4584 c=9.5194			antifluorite structure	[7]
	BeSiN₂								[9]
	MgSiN₂								[5]
	NaSi₂N₃								[9]
	Ca₂Si₅N₈	332.64	monoclinic	Cc	a = 14.3280 b = 5.61165 c = 9.69406 β = 112.1484 Z=4	721.92	3.06	Eu orange fluorescence	[5][10][4]
	CaSiN₂								[5]
	Ca₃SiN₃H		monoclinic	C2/c	a = 5.236 b = 10.461 c = 16.389 β = 91.182° Z = 8			semiconductor: band gap 3.1 eV	[11]
	Ca₄SiN₄								[5]
	Ca₅Si₂N₆								[5]
	Ca₁₆Si₁₇N₃₄								[5]
	Li₄Ca₃Si₂N₆	288.24	monoclinic	C2/m	a=5.787 b=9.705 c=5.977 β=90.45	335.7	2.852		[5][12]
	Li₂CaSi₂N₄								[5]
	Li₂Ca₂Mg₂Si₂N₆								[5]
	Li₂Ca3MgSi₂N₆								[5]
	CaMg₃SiN₄								[9]
	CaAlSiN₃		orthorhombic	Cmc2₁				Eu yellow fluorescence	[13]
	CaAlSi₄N₇		orthorhombic	Pna2₁	a = 11.6819, b = 21.0193, c = 4.9177 Å				[14]
	Ca₅Al₂Si₂N₈								[9]
	CaScSi₄N₇								[5]
Manganese silicide dinitride	MnSiN₂		orthorhombic	Pna2₁	a = 5.271, b = 6.521, and c = 5.0706 V=174.26			intense red	[8]
	Fe₂Si₅N₈	364.23	monoclinic	Cc	a= 14.0408 b = 5.32635 c = 9.5913 β = 110.728 Z=4			decompose 1370K; brown	[10]
	ZnSiN₂								[9]
	SrSiN₂								[5]
	Sr₂Si₅N₈		orthorhombic	Pmn2₁	a = 5.71006 b = 6.81914 c = 9.33599 Z=2	363.52	3.908	Eu red fluorescence	[5][4][15]
	SrSi₆N₈								[5]
	SrSi₇N₁₀								[14]
	Li₂SrSi₂N₄		cubic		a=10.69 Z=12	1220			[5][16]
	Li₄Sr₃Si₂N₆		monoclinic	C2/m	a = 6.127, b = 9.687, c = 6.220, β = 90.24° Z=2	369.1	3.876		[12]
	SrMg₃SiN₄								[9]
	SrAlSiN₃			Cmc2₁					[13]
	SrAlSi₄N₇			Pna2₁					[14]
	SrScSi₄N₇								[5]
	CaYSi₄N₇								[5]
	SrYSi₄N₇								[5]
	Ca₈In₂SiN₄		orthorhombic	Ibam	a = 12.904 b = 9.688 c = 10.899 Z = 4			metallic	[11]
	BaSiN₂								[5]
	Ba₅Si₂N₆								[9]
	Ba₂Si₅N₈		orthorhombic	Pmn2₁				Eu red fluorescence	[5][4]
	BaSi₆N₈			Imm2	a = 7.9316, b = 9.3437, c = 4.8357, Z = 2	358.38			[5][17]
	BaSi₇N₁₀		monoclinic		a = 6.8729, b = 6.7129, c = 9.6328, β = 106.269, Z = 2			most condensed	[5][18]
Carbodiimide	Ba₆Si₆N₁₀O₂(CN₂)			P6	a = 16.255, c = 5.469, Z = 3			yellow, grown in liquid sodium	[19]
	Ba₅Si₁₁Al₇N₂₅			Pnnm	a = 9.5923, b = 21.3991, c = 5.8889 Å Z = 2			with Eu yellow emission	[20]
	BaSi₄Al₃N₉			P2₁/C	a = 5.8465, b = 26.726, c = 5.8386 Å, β = 118.897° and Z = 4			with Eu blue emission	[20]
	BaScSi₄N₇								[5]
	BaYSi₄N₇								[5]
	LaSi₃N₅								[5]
	La₃Si₆N₁₁								[5]
	La₅Si₃N₉								[9]
	La₇Si₆N₁₅								[9]
calcium lanthanum nitridosilicate	CaLaSiN₃							Ca can be substituted by Yb or Eu	[21]
	CaLaSi₄N₇								[5]
	CeSi₃N₅								[9]
	Ce₃Si₆N₁₁								[9]
	Ce₃Si₅N₉								[9]
	Ce₇Si₆N₁₅		triclinic						[9]
	Ce₇Si₆N₁₅		trigonal						[9]
	Pr₃Si₆N₁₁								[9]
	Pr₅Si₃N₉								[9]
	Pr₇Si₆N₁₅								[9]
	Ba₂Nd₇Si₁₁N₂₃							dark blue	[22]
	Sm₃Si₆M₁₁								[9]
	Ca₃Sm₃[Si₉N₁₇]		cubic	P4_3m	a=7.3950; Z=1	404.4			[23]
	Eu₂SiN₃			Cmca	a = 5.42, b = 10.610, c = 11.629, Z = 8				[9][24]
dieuropium penta siliconoctanitride	Eu₂Si₅N₈		orthorhombic	Pnm2₁	a=5.7094 b=6.8207 c=9.3291 Z=2	363.29	5.087	red	[9][25]
	Ca₃Yb₃[Si₉N₁₇]		cubic	P4_3m	a=730.20 Z=1	389.3			[23]
	BaYbSi₄N₇							includes NSi₄ clusters	[9][26]
europium ytterbium tetrasiliconheptanitride	EuYbSi₄N₇		hexagonal	P6₃mc	a=5.9822 c=9.7455	302.03	5.887	brown	[9][25]
	SrYbSi₄N₇								[9]
	EuYbSi₄N₇								[9]
	CaLuSi₄N₇								[5]
	SrLuSi₄N₇								[5]
	BaLuSi₄N₇								[5]
	Pb₂Si₅N₈	666.90	orthorhombic	Pmn2₁	a = 5.774 b = 6.837 c = 9.350	269.11	6.001	Pb-Pb dumbells	[15]

References

Philipp Bielec (27 July 2019). The Ion Exchange Approach - Expanding Elemental Variety in Nitridosilicate Chemistry (PDF) (Thesis).
Schubert, E. Fred (3 February 2018). Light-Emitting Diodes (3rd ed.). E. Fred Schubert. ISBN 978-0-9863826-6-6.
Schnick, Wolfgang; Huppertz, Hubert (May 1997). "Nitridosilicates-A Significant Extension of Silicate Chemistry". Chemistry - A European Journal. 3 (5): 679–683. doi:10.1002/chem.19970030505.
Xie, Rong-Jun; Hirosaki, Naoto; Li, Yuanqiang; Takeda, Takashi (21 June 2010). "Rare-Earth Activated Nitride Phosphors: Synthesis, Luminescence and Applications". Materials. 3 (6): 3777–3793. Bibcode:2010Mate....3.3777X. doi:10.3390/ma3063777. PMC 5521753. S2CID 18883144.
ten Kate, Otmar M.; Zhang, Zhijun; van Ommen, J. Ruud; Hintzen, H. T. (Bert) (2018). "Dependence of the photoluminescence properties of Eu 2+ doped M–Si–N (M = alkali, alkaline earth or rare earth metal) nitridosilicates on their structure and composition". Journal of Materials Chemistry C. 6 (21): 5671–5683. doi:10.1039/C8TC00885J. ISSN 2050-7526.
ten Kate, Otmar M.; Zhang, Zhijun; Hintzen, H. T. (Bert) (2017). "On the relations between the bandgap, structure and composition of the M–Si–N (M = alkali, alkaline earth or rare-earth metal) nitridosilicates". Journal of Materials Chemistry C. 5 (44): 11504–11514. doi:10.1039/C7TC04259K. ISSN 2050-7526.
Casas-Cabanas, M.; Santner, H.; Palacín, M.R. (May 2014). "The Li–Si–(O)–N system revisited: Structural characterization of Li21Si3N11 and Li7SiN3O". Journal of Solid State Chemistry. 213: 152–157. Bibcode:2014JSSCh.213..152C. doi:10.1016/j.jssc.2014.02.022.
Esmaeilzadeh, Saeid; Hålenius, Ulf; Valldor, Martin (May 2006). "Crystal Growth, Magnetic, and Optical Properties of the Ternary Nitride MnSiN 2". Chemistry of Materials. 18 (11): 2713–2718. doi:10.1021/cm060382t.
Kong, Yuwei; Song, Zhen; Wang, Shuxin; Xia, Zhiguo; Liu, Quanlin (2018-02-19). "The Inductive Effect in Nitridosilicates and Oxysilicates and Its Effects on 5d Energy Levels of Ce 3+". Inorganic Chemistry. 57 (4): 2320–2331. doi:10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b03253. ISSN 0020-1669. PMID 29394040.
Bielec, Philipp; Janka, Oliver; Block, Theresa; Pöttgen, Rainer; Schnick, Wolfgang (2018-02-23). "Fe 2 Si 5 N 8 : Access to Open-Shell Transition-Metal Nitridosilicates". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 57 (9): 2409–2412. doi:10.1002/anie.201713006. PMID 29336096.
Dickman, Matthew J.; Schwartz, Benjamin V. G.; Latturner, Susan E. (2017-08-07). "Low-Dimensional Nitridosilicates Grown from Ca/Li Flux: Void Metal Ca 8 In 2 SiN 4 and Semiconductor Ca 3 SiN 3 H". Inorganic Chemistry. 56 (15): 9361–9368. doi:10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b01532. ISSN 0020-1669. PMID 28749660.
Pagano, Sandro; Lupart, Saskia; Schmiechen, Sebastian; Schnick, Wolfgang (September 2010). "Li4Ca3Si2N6 and Li4Sr3Si2N6 - Quaternary Lithium Nitridosilicates with Isolated [Si2N6]10- Ions". Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie. 636 (11): 1907–1909. doi:10.1002/zaac.201000163.
Watanabe, Hiromu; Wada, Hiroshi; Seki, Keiichi; Itou, Masumi; Kijima, Naoto (2008). "Synthetic Method and Luminescence Properties of Sr[sub x]Ca[sub 1−x]AlSiN[sub 3]:Eu[sup 2+] Mixed Nitride Phosphors". Journal of the Electrochemical Society. 155 (3): F31. doi:10.1149/1.2829880.
Yoshimura, Fumitaka; Yamane, Hisanori; Yamada, Takahiro (2020-01-06). "Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Luminescence Properties of a White-Light-Emitting Nitride Phosphor, Ca 0.99 Eu 0.01 AlSi 4 N 7". Inorganic Chemistry. 59 (1): 367–375. doi:10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b02609. ISSN 0020-1669. PMID 31808685. S2CID 208744271.
Bielec, Philipp; Nelson, Ryky; Stoffel, Ralf P.; Eisenburger, Lucien; Günther, Daniel; Henß, Ann‐Kathrin; Wright, Jonathan P.; Oeckler, Oliver; Dronskowski, Richard; Schnick, Wolfgang (2019-01-28). "Cationic Pb 2 Dumbbells Stabilized in the Highly Covalent Lead Nitridosilicate Pb 2 Si 5 N 8". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 58 (5): 1432–1436. doi:10.1002/anie.201812457. ISSN 1433-7851. PMID 30536686. S2CID 54473446.
Ding, Jianyan; You, Hongpeng; Wang, Yichao; Ma, Bo; Zhou, Xufeng; Ding, Xin; Cao, Yaxin; Chen, Hang; Geng, Wanying; Wang, Yuhua (2018). "Site occupation and energy transfer of Ce 3+ -activated lithium nitridosilicate Li 2 SrSi 2 N 4 with broad-yellow-light-emitting property and excellent thermal stability". Journal of Materials Chemistry C. 6 (13): 3435–3444. doi:10.1039/C7TC04397J. ISSN 2050-7526.
Stadler, Florian; Schnick, Wolfgang (April 2007). "Das reduzierte Nitridosilicat BaSi6N8". Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie (in German). 633 (4): 589–592. doi:10.1002/zaac.200600356.
Huppertz, Hubert; Schnick, Wolfgang (February 1997). "Edge-sharing SiN 4 Tetrahedra in the Highly Condensed Nitridosilicate BaSi 7 N 10". Chemistry - A European Journal. 3 (2): 249–252. doi:10.1002/chem.19970030213. PMID 24022955.
Pagano, Sandro; Oeckler, Oliver; Schröder, Thorsten; Schnick, Wolfgang (June 2009). "Ba 6 Si 6 N 10 O 2 (CN 2 ) - A Nitridosilicate with a NPO-Zeolite Structure Type Containing Carbodiimide Ions". European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry. 2009 (18): 2678–2683. doi:10.1002/ejic.200900157.
Hirosaki, Naoto; Takeda, Takashi; Funahashi, Shiro; Xie, Rong-Jun (2014-07-22). "Discovery of New Nitridosilicate Phosphors for Solid State Lighting by the Single-Particle-Diagnosis Approach". Chemistry of Materials. 26 (14): 4280–4288. doi:10.1021/cm501866x. ISSN 0897-4756.
ten Kate, O M; Hintzen, H T; van der Kolk, E (24 September 2014). "Low energy 4f-5d transitions in lanthanide doped CaLaSiN 3 with low degree of cross-linking between SiN 4 tetrahedra". Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter. 26 (38): 385502. Bibcode:2014JPCM...26L5502T. doi:10.1088/0953-8984/26/38/385502. PMID 25186054. S2CID 29879915.
Huppertz, Hubert; Schnick, Wolfgang (1997-12-15). "Ba2Nd7Si11N23—A Nitridosilicate with a Zeolite-Analogous Si–N Structure". Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English. 36 (23): 2651–2652. doi:10.1002/anie.199726511. ISSN 0570-0833.
Huppertz, Hubert; Oeckler, Oliver; Lieb, Alexandra; Glaum, Robert; Johrendt, Dirk; Tegel, Marcus; Kaindl, Reinhard; Schnick, Wolfgang (2012-08-27). "Ca 3 Sm 3 [Si 9 N 17 ] and Ca 3 Yb 3 [Si 9 N 17 ] Nitridosilicates with Interpenetrating Nets that Consist of Star-Shaped [N [4] (SiN 3 ) 4 ] Units and [Si 5 N 16 ] Supertetrahedra". Chemistry - A European Journal. 18 (35): 10857–10864. doi:10.1002/chem.201200813. PMID 22829445.
Zeuner, Martin; Pagano, Sandro; Matthes, Philipp; Bichler, Daniel; Johrendt, Dirk; Harmening, Thomas; Pöttgen, Rainer; Schnick, Wolfgang (2009-08-12). "Mixed Valence Europium Nitridosilicate Eu 2 SiN 3". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 131 (31): 11242–11248. doi:10.1021/ja9040237. ISSN 0002-7863. PMID 19610643.
Huppertz, H.; Schnick, W. (1997-12-15). "Eu 2 Si 5 N 8 and EuYbSi 4 N 7 . The First Nitridosilicates with a Divalent Rare Earth Metal". Acta Crystallographica Section C Crystal Structure Communications. 53 (12): 1751–1753. doi:10.1107/S0108270197008767. ISSN 0108-2701.
Huppertz, Hubert; Schnick, Wolfgang (1996-09-20). "BaYbSi4N7—Unexpected Structural Possibilities in Nitridosilicates". Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English. 35 (17): 1983–1984. doi:10.1002/anie.199619831. ISSN 0570-0833.

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[pb-1] Philipp Bielec (27 July 2019). The Ion Exchange Approach - Expanding Elemental Variety in Nitridosilicate Chemistry (PDF) (Thesis).

[2] Schubert, E. Fred (3 February 2018). Light-Emitting Diodes (3rd ed.). E. Fred Schubert. ISBN 978-0-9863826-6-6.

[3] Schnick, Wolfgang; Huppertz, Hubert (May 1997). "Nitridosilicates-A Significant Extension of Silicate Chemistry". Chemistry - A European Journal. 3 (5): 679–683. doi:10.1002/chem.19970030505.

[rjx-4] Xie, Rong-Jun; Hirosaki, Naoto; Li, Yuanqiang; Takeda, Takashi (21 June 2010). "Rare-Earth Activated Nitride Phosphors: Synthesis, Luminescence and Applications". Materials. 3 (6): 3777–3793. Bibcode:2010Mate....3.3777X. doi:10.3390/ma3063777. PMC 5521753. S2CID 18883144.

[:0-5] ten Kate, Otmar M.; Zhang, Zhijun; van Ommen, J. Ruud; Hintzen, H. T. (Bert) (2018). "Dependence of the photoluminescence properties of Eu 2+ doped M–Si–N (M = alkali, alkaline earth or rare earth metal) nitridosilicates on their structure and composition". Journal of Materials Chemistry C. 6 (21): 5671–5683. doi:10.1039/C8TC00885J. ISSN 2050-7526.

[:1-6] ten Kate, Otmar M.; Zhang, Zhijun; Hintzen, H. T. (Bert) (2017). "On the relations between the bandgap, structure and composition of the M–Si–N (M = alkali, alkaline earth or rare-earth metal) nitridosilicates". Journal of Materials Chemistry C. 5 (44): 11504–11514. doi:10.1039/C7TC04259K. ISSN 2050-7526.

[:2-7] Casas-Cabanas, M.; Santner, H.; Palacín, M.R. (May 2014). "The Li–Si–(O)–N system revisited: Structural characterization of Li21Si3N11 and Li7SiN3O". Journal of Solid State Chemistry. 213: 152–157. Bibcode:2014JSSCh.213..152C. doi:10.1016/j.jssc.2014.02.022.

[:6-8] Esmaeilzadeh, Saeid; Hålenius, Ulf; Valldor, Martin (May 2006). "Crystal Growth, Magnetic, and Optical Properties of the Ternary Nitride MnSiN 2". Chemistry of Materials. 18 (11): 2713–2718. doi:10.1021/cm060382t.

[:7-9] Kong, Yuwei; Song, Zhen; Wang, Shuxin; Xia, Zhiguo; Liu, Quanlin (2018-02-19). "The Inductive Effect in Nitridosilicates and Oxysilicates and Its Effects on 5d Energy Levels of Ce 3+". Inorganic Chemistry. 57 (4): 2320–2331. doi:10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b03253. ISSN 0020-1669. PMID 29394040.

[:12-10] Bielec, Philipp; Janka, Oliver; Block, Theresa; Pöttgen, Rainer; Schnick, Wolfgang (2018-02-23). "Fe 2 Si 5 N 8 : Access to Open-Shell Transition-Metal Nitridosilicates". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 57 (9): 2409–2412. doi:10.1002/anie.201713006. PMID 29336096.

[:13-11] Dickman, Matthew J.; Schwartz, Benjamin V. G.; Latturner, Susan E. (2017-08-07). "Low-Dimensional Nitridosilicates Grown from Ca/Li Flux: Void Metal Ca 8 In 2 SiN 4 and Semiconductor Ca 3 SiN 3 H". Inorganic Chemistry. 56 (15): 9361–9368. doi:10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b01532. ISSN 0020-1669. PMID 28749660.

[:10-12] Pagano, Sandro; Lupart, Saskia; Schmiechen, Sebastian; Schnick, Wolfgang (September 2010). "Li4Ca3Si2N6 and Li4Sr3Si2N6 - Quaternary Lithium Nitridosilicates with Isolated [Si2N6]10- Ions". Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie. 636 (11): 1907–1909. doi:10.1002/zaac.201000163.

[:3-13] Watanabe, Hiromu; Wada, Hiroshi; Seki, Keiichi; Itou, Masumi; Kijima, Naoto (2008). "Synthetic Method and Luminescence Properties of Sr[sub x]Ca[sub 1−x]AlSiN[sub 3]:Eu[sup 2+] Mixed Nitride Phosphors". Journal of the Electrochemical Society. 155 (3): F31. doi:10.1149/1.2829880.

[:4-14] Yoshimura, Fumitaka; Yamane, Hisanori; Yamada, Takahiro (2020-01-06). "Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Luminescence Properties of a White-Light-Emitting Nitride Phosphor, Ca 0.99 Eu 0.01 AlSi 4 N 7". Inorganic Chemistry. 59 (1): 367–375. doi:10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b02609. ISSN 0020-1669. PMID 31808685. S2CID 208744271.

[:8-15] Bielec, Philipp; Nelson, Ryky; Stoffel, Ralf P.; Eisenburger, Lucien; Günther, Daniel; Henß, Ann‐Kathrin; Wright, Jonathan P.; Oeckler, Oliver; Dronskowski, Richard; Schnick, Wolfgang (2019-01-28). "Cationic Pb 2 Dumbbells Stabilized in the Highly Covalent Lead Nitridosilicate Pb 2 Si 5 N 8". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 58 (5): 1432–1436. doi:10.1002/anie.201812457. ISSN 1433-7851. PMID 30536686. S2CID 54473446.

[16] Ding, Jianyan; You, Hongpeng; Wang, Yichao; Ma, Bo; Zhou, Xufeng; Ding, Xin; Cao, Yaxin; Chen, Hang; Geng, Wanying; Wang, Yuhua (2018). "Site occupation and energy transfer of Ce 3+ -activated lithium nitridosilicate Li 2 SrSi 2 N 4 with broad-yellow-light-emitting property and excellent thermal stability". Journal of Materials Chemistry C. 6 (13): 3435–3444. doi:10.1039/C7TC04397J. ISSN 2050-7526.

[17] Stadler, Florian; Schnick, Wolfgang (April 2007). "Das reduzierte Nitridosilicat BaSi6N8". Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie (in German). 633 (4): 589–592. doi:10.1002/zaac.200600356.

[18] Huppertz, Hubert; Schnick, Wolfgang (February 1997). "Edge-sharing SiN 4 Tetrahedra in the Highly Condensed Nitridosilicate BaSi 7 N 10". Chemistry - A European Journal. 3 (2): 249–252. doi:10.1002/chem.19970030213. PMID 24022955.

[19] Pagano, Sandro; Oeckler, Oliver; Schröder, Thorsten; Schnick, Wolfgang (June 2009). "Ba 6 Si 6 N 10 O 2 (CN 2 ) - A Nitridosilicate with a NPO-Zeolite Structure Type Containing Carbodiimide Ions". European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry. 2009 (18): 2678–2683. doi:10.1002/ejic.200900157.

[:5-20] Hirosaki, Naoto; Takeda, Takashi; Funahashi, Shiro; Xie, Rong-Jun (2014-07-22). "Discovery of New Nitridosilicate Phosphors for Solid State Lighting by the Single-Particle-Diagnosis Approach". Chemistry of Materials. 26 (14): 4280–4288. doi:10.1021/cm501866x. ISSN 0897-4756.

[21] ten Kate, O M; Hintzen, H T; van der Kolk, E (24 September 2014). "Low energy 4f-5d transitions in lanthanide doped CaLaSiN 3 with low degree of cross-linking between SiN 4 tetrahedra". Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter. 26 (38): 385502. Bibcode:2014JPCM...26L5502T. doi:10.1088/0953-8984/26/38/385502. PMID 25186054. S2CID 29879915.

[22] Huppertz, Hubert; Schnick, Wolfgang (1997-12-15). "Ba2Nd7Si11N23—A Nitridosilicate with a Zeolite-Analogous Si–N Structure". Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English. 36 (23): 2651–2652. doi:10.1002/anie.199726511. ISSN 0570-0833.

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