List of National League pennant winners

The National League pennant winner of a given Major League Baseball season is the team that wins the championship—the pennant—of MLB's National League (NL). This team receives the Warren C. Giles Trophy and the right to play in the World Series against the champion of the American League (AL). The current NL pennant winners are the Arizona Diamondbacks, who beat out the Philadelphia Phillies to win the NL pennant in October 2023.

A group of men in white baseball uniforms with red pinstripes and red baseball caps high-five each other while passing in lines moving in opposite directions.
The Philadelphia Phillies won their second consecutive pennant in 2009 and lost to the San Francisco Giants in the 2010 NLCS.
Part of a series on the
Major League Baseball postseason
Wild Card Series
Division Series
League Championship Series
World Series
Teams

The trophy is named for Warren Giles, the league president from 1951 to 1969, and is presented immediately after each NL Championship Series (NLCS) by Warren's son Bill Giles, the honorary league president and former owner of the Philadelphia Phillies.[1]

From 1876 through 1968, the pennant was awarded to the team with the best regular-season record. Beginning in 1969, the league was divided into East and West divisions, with the champions of each playing for the pennant in the League Championship Series (NLCS). Since 1995, there have been three divisions and a two-round playoff bracket which begins with two Division Series (NLDS).

The pennant has been awarded every year since 1876, except for 1994, when a players' strike forced the cancellation of the postseason.[2][3] Until 1969, the pennant was presented to the team with the best win–loss record at the end of the season.[4] In 1969, the league split into two divisions,[5] and the teams with the best records in each division played one another in the NLCS to determine the pennant winner. The format of the NLCS was changed from a best-of-five to a best-of-seven format for the 1985 postseason.[6] In 1995, an additional playoff series was added when MLB restructured the two divisions in each league into three.[7] As of 2010, the winners of the Eastern, Central, and Western Divisions, as well as one wild card team, play in the NL Division Series, a best-of-five playoff to determine the opponents who will play for the pennant.[8]

By pennants, the Los Angeles Dodgers (formerly the Brooklyn Dodgers; 24 pennants, 31 playoff appearances)[9] are the winningest team in NL history. The San Francisco Giants (formerly the New York Giants; 23 pennants, 27 playoff appearances)[10] are in second place, with the St. Louis Cardinals (19 pennants and 28 playoff appearances),[11] in third place, followed by the Atlanta Braves (18 pennants and 23 postseason appearances between their three home cities of Atlanta, Milwaukee, and Boston)[12] in fourth place and the Chicago Cubs (17 pennants and 20 playoff appearances as the Cubs and White Stockings) in fifth.[13] The Philadelphia Phillies were NL champions in back-to-back seasons in 2008 and 2009, becoming the first NL team to do so since the Braves in 1995 and 1996.[14] The Dodgers were also league champions in back-to-back seasons in 2017 and 2018. The modern World Series began in 1903, when the National League recognized the upstart American League, founded in 1901. There was an earlier "World's Championship Series" played between the pennant winners of the NL and the American Association 1884–1890; from 1894 to 1897 the NL's first- and second-place teams played a postseason series for the Temple Cup, which was considered to be the league championship. As of 2021, the Dodgers have the most modern-era World Series appearances at 21, followed by the San Francisco Giants with 20.

The team with the best record to win the NL pennant was the 1906 Cubs, who won 116 of 152 games during that season[15] and finished 20 games ahead of the New York Giants.[16] The best record by a pennant winner in the Championship Series era is 108–54, which was achieved by the Cincinnati Reds in 1975[17] and the New York Mets in 1986;[18] both of these teams went on to win the World Series.[2]

NL champions have gone on to win the World Series 51 times, most recently in 2021.[2] Pennant winners have also won the Temple Cup and the Chronicle-Telegraph Cup, two pre-World Series league championships, although second-place teams won three of the four Temple Cup meetings.[19][20] The largest margin of victory for a pennant winner, before the league split into two divisions in 1969, is 27+1⁄2 games; the Pittsburgh Pirates led the Brooklyn Superbas (now the Dodgers) by that margin on the final day of the 1902 season.[21]

The only currently existing National League franchise to have never won an NL pennant are the Milwaukee Brewers; however, they did win a pennant during their time in the American League.[22]

Key
YearLinks to the corresponding "year in baseball" (1876–1900) or "Major League Baseball season" (1901–present) article
TeamLinks to the corresponding season in which each team played
SeriesLinks to the corresponding "National League Championship Series" article
RecordRegular season win–loss record
GAGames ahead of the second-place team (pre-NLCS era)
WWWins by the winning team (NLCS era)
LWWins by the losing team (NLCS era)
RefReference
Won World Series (1884–1890, 1892)
Won Temple Cup (1894–1897)
Won Chronicle-Telegraph Cup (1900)
Won World Series (1903–present)
ENational League East division member (1969–present)
CNational League Central division member (1995–present)
WNational League West division member (1969–present)
†Wild card team (1995–present)

Single table era (1876–1968)
Two rows of men in white baseball uniforms. Those in the back row wear dark baseball caps with "P" on them while the men in the front row wear white hats and have "BOSTON" on the chest of their uniforms.
The Pittsburgh Pirates (back row) won the National League pennant in 1903, and played in the first modern World Series in baseball history.
A single row of men in white baseball uniforms with high socks and white baseball caps standing on a baseball field; their uniforms read "NY" across the chest.
The New York Giants won their first World Series appearance in 1905 after their owner refused to take part in the 1904 World Series.[23]
Year Team Manager Record GA Ahead of Manager Ref
1876Chicago ("White Stockings")Albert Spalding52–146St. Louis ("Brown Stockings/Browns")George McManus[24]
1877Boston ("Red Stockings/Red Caps")Harry Wright42–187Louisville ("Grays")Jack Chapman[25]
1878Boston ("Red Stockings/Red Caps")Harry Wright41–194Cincinnati ("Reds")Jack Chapman[26]
1879Providence ("Grays")George Wright59–255Boston ("Red Stockings/Red Caps")Cal McVey[27]
1880Chicago ("White Stockings")Cap Anson67–1715Providence ("Grays")Mike Dorgan[28]
1881Chicago ("White Stockings")Cap Anson56–289Providence ("Grays")Tom York[29]
1882Chicago ("White Stockings")Cap Anson55–293Providence ("Grays")Harry Wright[30]
1883Boston ("Beaneaters")John Morrill63–354Chicago ("White Stockings")Cap Anson[31]
1884Providence ("Grays")Frank Bancroft84–2810½Boston ("Beaneaters")John Morrill[32]
1885Chicago ("White Stockings")Cap Anson87–252New York ("Giants")Jim Mutrie[33]
1886Chicago ("White Stockings")Cap Anson90–342½Detroit ("Wolverines")Bill Watkins[34]
1887Detroit ("Wolverines")Bill Watkins79–453½Philadelphia ("Quakers")Harry Wright[35]
1888New York ("Giants")Jim Mutrie84–479Chicago ("White Stockings")Cap Anson[36]
1889New York ("Giants")Jim Mutrie83–431Boston ("Beaneaters")Jim Hart[37]
1890Brooklyn ("Bridegrooms")Bill McGunnigle86–436½Chicago ("Colts/Infants")Cap Anson[38]
1891Boston ("Beaneaters")Frank Selee87–513½Chicago ("Colts")Cap Anson[39]
1892Boston ("Beaneaters")Frank Selee102–488½Cleveland ("Spiders")Patsy Tebeau[40]
1893Boston ("Beaneaters")Frank Selee86–435Pittsburgh ("Pirates")Al Buckenberger[41]
1894Baltimore OriolesNed Hanlon89–393New York ("Giants")John Montgomery Ward[42]
1895Baltimore OriolesNed Hanlon87–433Cleveland ("Spiders")Patsy Tebeau[43]
1896Baltimore OriolesNed Hanlon90–399½Cleveland ("Spiders")Patsy Tebeau[44]
1897Boston ("Beaneaters")Frank Selee93–392Baltimore OriolesNed Hanlon[45]
1898Boston ("Beaneaters")Frank Selee102–476Baltimore OriolesNed Hanlon[46]
1899Brooklyn ("Superbas")Ned Hanlon101–478Boston ("Beaneaters")Frank Selee[47]
1900Brooklyn ("Superbas")Ned Hanlon82–544½Pittsburgh ("Pirates")Fred Clarke[48]
1901Pittsburgh ("Pirates")Fred Clarke90–497½Philadelphia ("Phillies")Bill Shettsline[49]
1902Pittsburgh ("Pirates")Fred Clarke103–3627½Brooklyn ("Superbas")Ned Hanlon[50]
1903Pittsburgh ("Pirates")Fred Clarke91–496½New York ("Giants")John McGraw[51]
1904New York ("Giants")John McGraw106–4713Chicago ("Colts/Cubs")Frank Selee[52]
1905New York ("Giants")John McGraw106–479Pittsburgh ("Pirates")Fred Clarke[53]
1906Chicago ("Cubs")Frank Chance116–3620New York ("Giants")John McGraw[54]
1907Chicago CubsFrank Chance107–4517Pittsburgh ("Pirates")Fred Clarke[55]
1908Chicago CubsFrank Chance99–551Pittsburgh ("Pirates")Fred Clarke[56]
1909Pittsburgh ("Pirates")Fred Clarke110–426½Chicago CubsFrank Chance[57]
1910Chicago CubsFrank Chance104–5013New York ("Giants")John McGraw[58]
1911New York GiantsJohn McGraw99–547½Chicago CubsFrank Chance[59]
1912New York GiantsJohn McGraw103–4810Pittsburgh PiratesFred Clarke[60]
1913New York GiantsJohn McGraw101–5112½Philadelphia PhilliesRed Dooin[61]
1914Boston BravesGeorge Stallings94–5910½New York GiantsJohn McGraw[62]
1915Philadelphia PhilliesPat Moran90–627Boston BravesGeorge Stallings[63]
1916Brooklyn DodgersWilbert Robinson94–602½Philadelphia PhilliesPat Moran[64]
1917New York GiantsJohn McGraw98–5610Philadelphia PhilliesPat Moran[65]
1918Chicago CubsFred Mitchell84–4510½New York GiantsJohn McGraw[66]
1919Cincinnati RedsPat Moran96–449New York GiantsJohn McGraw[67]
1920Brooklyn DodgersWilbert Robinson93–617New York GiantsGeorge Gibson[68]
1921New York GiantsJohn McGraw94–594Pittsburgh PiratesGeorge Gibson[69]
1922New York GiantsJohn McGraw93–617Cincinnati RedsPat Moran[70]
1923New York GiantsJohn McGraw95–584½Cincinnati RedsPat Moran[71]
1924New York GiantsJohn McGraw93–601½Brooklyn DodgersWilbert Robinson[72]
1925Pittsburgh PiratesBill McKechnie95–588½New York GiantsJohn McGraw[73]
1926St. Louis CardinalsRogers Hornsby89–652Cincinnati RedsJack Hendricks[74]
1927Pittsburgh PiratesDonie Bush94–601½St. Louis CardinalsBob O'Farrell[75]
1928St. Louis CardinalsBill McKechnie95–592New York GiantsJohn McGraw[76]
1929Chicago CubsJoe McCarthy98–542Pittsburgh PiratesJewel Ens[77]
1930St. Louis CardinalsGabby Street92–622Chicago CubsRogers Hornsby[78]
1931St. Louis CardinalsGabby Street101–5313New York GiantsJohn McGraw[79]
1932Chicago CubsCharlie Grimm90–644Pittsburgh PiratesGeorge Gibson[80]
1933New York GiantsBill Terry91–615Pittsburgh PiratesGeorge Gibson[81]
1934St. Louis CardinalsFrankie Frisch95–582New York GiantsBill Terry[82]
1935Chicago CubsCharlie Grimm100–544St. Louis CardinalsFrankie Frisch[83]
1936New York GiantsBill Terry92–625St. Louis CardinalsFrankie Frisch[84]
1937New York GiantsBill Terry95–573Chicago CubsCharlie Grimm[85]
1938Chicago CubsCharlie Grimm89–632Pittsburgh PiratesPie Traynor[86]
1939Cincinnati RedsBill McKechnie97–574½St. Louis CardinalsRay Blades[87]
1940Cincinnati RedsBill McKechnie100–5312Brooklyn DodgersLeo Durocher[88]
1941Brooklyn DodgersLeo Durocher100–542½St. Louis CardinalsBilly Southworth[89]
1942St. Louis CardinalsBilly Southworth106–482Brooklyn DodgersLeo Durocher[90]
1943St. Louis CardinalsBilly Southworth105–4918Cincinnati RedsBill McKechnie[91]
1944St. Louis CardinalsBilly Southworth105–4914½Pittsburgh PiratesFrankie Frisch[92]
1945Chicago CubsCharlie Grimm98–563St. Louis CardinalsBilly Southworth[93]
1946St. Louis CardinalsEddie Dyer98–582Brooklyn DodgersLeo Durocher[94]
1947Brooklyn DodgersBurt Shotton94–605St. Louis CardinalsEddie Dyer[95]
1948Boston BravesBilly Southworth91–626½St. Louis CardinalsEddie Dyer[96]
1949Brooklyn DodgersBurt Shotton97–571St. Louis CardinalsEddie Dyer[97]
1950Philadelphia PhilliesEddie Sawyer91–632Brooklyn DodgersBurt Shotton[98]
1951New York GiantsLeo Durocher98–591Brooklyn DodgersChuck Dressen[99]
1952Brooklyn DodgersChuck Dressen96–574½New York GiantsLeo Durocher[100]
1953Brooklyn DodgersChuck Dressen105–4913Milwaukee BravesCharlie Grimm[101]
1954New York GiantsLeo Durocher97–575Brooklyn DodgersWalter Alston[102]
1955Brooklyn DodgersWalter Alston98–5513½Milwaukee BravesCharlie Grimm[103]
1956Brooklyn DodgersWalter Alston93–611Milwaukee BravesFred Haney[104]
1957Milwaukee BravesFred Haney95–598St. Louis CardinalsFred Hutchinson[105]
1958Milwaukee BravesFred Haney92–628Pittsburgh PiratesDanny Murtaugh[106]
1959Los Angeles DodgersWalter Alston88–682Milwaukee BravesFred Haney[107]
1960Pittsburgh PiratesDanny Murtaugh95–597Milwaukee BravesChuck Dressen[108]
1961Cincinnati RedsFred Hutchinson93–614Los Angeles DodgersWalter Alston[109]
1962San Francisco GiantsAlvin Dark103–621Los Angeles DodgersWalter Alston[110]
1963Los Angeles DodgersWalter Alston99–636St. Louis CardinalsJohnny Keane[111]
1964St. Louis CardinalsJohnny Keane93–691Philadelphia PhilliesGene Mauch[112]
1965Los Angeles DodgersWalter Alston97–652San Francisco GiantsHerman Franks[113]
1966Los Angeles DodgersWalter Alston95–671½San Francisco GiantsHerman Franks[114]
1967St. Louis CardinalsRed Schoendienst101–6010½San Francisco GiantsHerman Franks[115]
1968St. Louis CardinalsRed Schoendienst97–659San Francisco GiantsHerman Franks[116]

League Championship Series era (1969–present)
See also: National League Championship Series and League Championship Series MVP Award
Three rows of men in various dark-colored suits; in the center, a gray-haired smiling man holds a white baseball jersey that reads "Bush" on the back in small red print with "06" in larger red print below it.
The 2006 St. Louis Cardinals won the World Series after capturing the National League pennant.
Two rows of men stand on a baseball field holding baseball caps over their hearts. A row of men in gray baseball uniforms and red caps are to the right of the image, while men in white baseball uniforms and blue caps are to the left. The stands are full with crowd members, and other people are standing in the outfield, seen in the background.
In 2008, the Philadelphia Phillies and the Los Angeles Dodgers faced off in the National League championship series for the pennant; the Phillies won, four games to one.
Year Series Winning team Record Games Losing team Record Ref
19691969New York MetsE100–623–0Atlanta BravesW93–69[117]
19701970Cincinnati RedsW102–603–0Pittsburgh PiratesE87–63[118]
19711971Pittsburgh PiratesE97–653–1San Francisco GiantsW90–72[119]
19721972Cincinnati RedsW95–593–2Pittsburgh PiratesE96–59[120]
19731973New York MetsE82–793–2Cincinnati RedsW99–63[121]
19741974Los Angeles DodgersW102–603–1Pittsburgh PiratesE88–74[122]
19751975Cincinnati RedsW108–543–0Pittsburgh PiratesE92–69[123]
19761976Cincinnati RedsW102–603–0Philadelphia PhilliesE101–61[124]
19771977Los Angeles DodgersW98–643–1Philadelphia PhilliesE101–61[125]
19781978Los Angeles DodgersW95–673–1Philadelphia PhilliesE90–72[126]
19791979Pittsburgh PiratesE98–643–0Cincinnati RedsW90–71[127]
19801980Philadelphia PhilliesE91–713–2Houston AstrosW93–70[128]
1981[a]1981Los Angeles DodgersW63–473–2Montréal ExposE60–48[129]
19821982St. Louis CardinalsE92–703–0Atlanta BravesW89–73[130]
19831983Philadelphia PhilliesE90–723–1Los Angeles DodgersW91–71[131]
19841984San Diego PadresW92–703–2Chicago CubsE96–65[132]
19851985St. Louis CardinalsE101–614–2Los Angeles DodgersW95–67[133]
19861986New York MetsE108–544–2Houston AstrosW96–66[134]
19871987St. Louis CardinalsE95–674–3San Francisco Giants90–72[135]
19881988Los Angeles DodgersW94–674–3New York MetsE100–60[136]
19891989San Francisco GiantsW92–704–1Chicago CubsE93–69[137]
19901990Cincinnati RedsW91–714–2Pittsburgh PiratesE95–67[138]
19911991Atlanta BravesW94–684–3Pittsburgh PiratesE98–64[139]
19921992Atlanta BravesW98–644–3Pittsburgh PiratesE96–66[140]
19931993Philadelphia PhilliesE97–654–2Atlanta BravesW104–58[141]
1994Not held due to players' strike.[142]
1995[b]1995Atlanta BravesE90–544–0Cincinnati RedsC85–59[143]
19961996Atlanta BravesE96–664–3St. Louis CardinalsC88–74[144]
19971997Florida MarlinsE†92–704–2Atlanta BravesE101–61[145]
19981998San Diego PadresW98–644–2Atlanta BravesE106–56[146]
19991999Atlanta BravesE103–594–2New York MetsE†97–66[147]
20002000New York MetsE†94–684–1St. Louis CardinalsC95–67[148]
20012001Arizona DiamondbacksW92–704–1Atlanta BravesE88–74[149]
20022002San Francisco GiantsW†95–664–1St. Louis CardinalsC97–65[150]
20032003Florida MarlinsE†91–714–3Chicago CubsC88–74[151]
20042004St. Louis CardinalsC105–574–3Houston AstrosC†92–70[152]
20052005Houston AstrosC†89–734–2St. Louis CardinalsC100–62[153]
20062006St. Louis CardinalsC83–784–3New York MetsE97–65[154]
20072007Colorado RockiesW†90–734–0Arizona DiamondbacksW90–72[155]
20082008Philadelphia PhilliesE92–704–1Los Angeles DodgersW84–78[156]
20092009Philadelphia PhilliesE93–694–1Los Angeles DodgersW95–67[157]
20102010San Francisco GiantsW92–704–2Philadelphia PhilliesE97–65[158]
20112011St. Louis CardinalsC†90–724–2Milwaukee BrewersC96–66[159]
20122012San Francisco GiantsW94–684–3St. Louis CardinalsC†88–74[160]
20132013St. Louis CardinalsC97–654–2Los Angeles DodgersW92–70[161]
20142014San Francisco GiantsW†88–744–1St. Louis CardinalsC90–72[162]
20152015New York MetsE90–724–0Chicago CubsC†97–65[163]
20162016Chicago CubsC103–584–2Los Angeles DodgersW91–71[164]
20172017Los Angeles DodgersW104–584–1Chicago CubsC92–70[165]
20182018Los Angeles DodgersW92–714–3Milwaukee BrewersC96–67[166]
20192019Washington NationalsE†93–694–0St. Louis CardinalsC91–71[167]
20202020Los Angeles DodgersW43–174–3Atlanta BravesE35–25[168]
20212021Atlanta BravesE88–734–2Los Angeles DodgersW†106–56[169]
20222022Philadelphia PhilliesE†87–754–1San Diego PadresW†89–73[170]
20232023Arizona DiamondbacksW†84–784–3Philadelphia PhilliesE†90–72[171]

Notes
  • a A mid-season labor stoppage split the season into two halves. The winner of the first half played the winner of the second half in each division in the 1981 National League Division Series. The winners played in the 1981 NLCS for the National League pennant.[129]
  • b The leagues were re-aligned in 1994 to three divisions and a wild card was added to the playoffs, but the labor stoppage cancelled the postseason. Wild cards were first used in the 1995 playoffs.[7]

NL pennants won by franchise
Three rows of men in white baseball uniforms and dark caps; the rear row is standing, the middle row is seated (with a man in a tweed suit in the middle), and the front row is seated on the floor. The baseball uniforms have a dark Old English-style "B" over the left breast.
The 19th century Baltimore Orioles team won three National League pennants, one of three defunct teams to have won the league.
Two rows of men: one row standing behind a second row seated on the ground. The men are wearing white baseball uniforms with "Detroit" across the chest and white baseball caps.
The Detroit Wolverines won their only pennant in 1887, followed by a victory in the World's Championship Series.
Italics represent a franchise that is defunct in Major League Baseball as of the 2023 season.
Team Pennants won Postseason appearances Ref
Los Angeles Dodgers[a]2435[9]
San Francisco Giants[b]2326[10]
St. Louis Cardinals[c]1929[11]
Atlanta Braves[d]1826[12]
Chicago Cubs[e]1720[13]
Pittsburgh Pirates[f]917[172]
Philadelphia Phillies[h]816[173]
Cincinnati Reds[g]915[174]
New York Mets59[175]
Baltimore Orioles (NL)[i]35[176]
San Diego Padres25[177]
Miami Marlins23[178]
Providence Grays25[179]
Houston Astros[j]19[180]
Arizona Diamondbacks27[181]
Washington Nationals[k]16[182]
Colorado Rockies15[183]
Detroit Wolverines12[184]
Milwaukee Brewers[l]05[185]

Notes
  • a Previously known as Brooklyn Dodgers, Brooklyn Robins, Brooklyn Superbas, Brooklyn Bridegrooms, Brooklyn Grooms, Brooklyn Grays and Brooklyn Atlantics. Does not include American Association pennant won in 1889[9]
  • b Previously known as New York Giants and New York Gothams[10]
  • c Previously known as St. Louis Perfectos, St. Louis Browns, and St. Louis Brown Stockings. Does not include four American Association pennants won in 1885–1888[11]
  • d Previously known as Milwaukee Braves, Boston Braves, Boston Bees, Boston Rustlers, Boston Doves, Boston Beaneaters and Boston Red Caps[12]
  • e Previously known as Chicago Orphans, Chicago Colts and Chicago White Stockings[13]
  • f Previously known as Pittsburgh Alleghenys[172]
  • g Previously known as Cincinnati Redlegs and Cincinnati Red Stockings. Does not include American Association pennant won in 1882[174]
  • h Previously known as Philadelphia Quakers and unofficially as Philadelphia Blue Jays[173]
  • i The 19th-century Baltimore Orioles who played in the National League are no longer in existence; two current American League franchises later used the Orioles name (New York Yankees and Baltimore Orioles).[186]
  • j Previously known as Houston Colt .45s[180] Does not include four American League pennants.
  • k Previously known as Montreal Expos. In 1994, the Expos led the National League East and had the best win–loss record in the league when the season was cut short by a labor dispute.[182]
  • l The Brewers were members of the American League through the 1997 season after which they switched to the National League.[187] This table records only the Brewers' National League accomplishments. They won the American League pennant in 1982.

See also

References

General
  • "Playoff and World Series Stats and Results". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved January 25, 2010.

Inline citations
  1. Jensen, Mike (October 16, 2008). "'Fantastic feeling' for Bill Giles". Philadelphia Inquirer. Retrieved August 20, 2009.
  2. "Playoff and World Series Stats and Results". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on January 9, 2010. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  3. "Season interrupted". Sports Illustrated. August 26, 2002. Retrieved January 2, 2010.
  4. Gillette, Gary; Gammons, Peter (2007). The ESPN Baseball Encyclopedia. Palmer, Pete. Sterling. p. 1723. ISBN 978-1-4027-4771-7.
  5. Koppett, Leonard; Koppett, Dave (2004). Koppett's concise history of major league baseball. Carroll & Graf. p. 300. ISBN 0-7867-1286-4.
  6. "League Championship Series Results". Baseball Digest. Vol. 60, no. 10. Lakeside. October 2001. p. 74. ISSN 0005-609X.
  7. "Pirates agree to move to new division". Ocala Star-Banner. September 16, 1993. Retrieved October 15, 2009.
  8. Formosa, Dan; Hamburger, Paul (2006). Baseball field guide: an in-depth illustrated guide to the complete rules of baseball. Thunder's Mouth Press. pp. 24–25. ISBN 1-56025-700-8.
  9. "Los Angeles Dodgers Team History & Encyclopedia". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on February 23, 2011. Retrieved October 8, 2014.
  10. "San Francisco Giants Team History & Encyclopedia". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on April 6, 2011. Retrieved March 3, 2016.
  11. "St. Louis Cardinals Team History & Encyclopedia". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved October 8, 2014.
  12. "Atlanta Braves Team History & Encyclopedia". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on March 3, 2011. Retrieved October 8, 2014.
  13. "Chicago Cubs Team History & Encyclopedia". baseball-reference.com. Archived from the original on April 6, 2011. Retrieved October 24, 2016.
  14. Nightengale, Bob (October 27, 2009). "Phillies hoping for a rare back-to-back Series title". USA Today. Retrieved January 26, 2010.
  15. "1906 Chicago Cubs Batting, Pitching, & Fielding Statistics". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved 26 January 2010.
  16. "1906 New York Giants Batting, Pitching, & Fielding Statistics". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved 26 January 2010.
  17. "1975 Cincinnati Reds Batting, Pitching, & Fielding Statistics". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved 26 January 2010.
  18. "1986 New York Mets Batting, Pitching, & Fielding Statistics". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved 26 January 2010.
  19. Knowles, Richard George; Morton, Richard (1896). Baseball. George Routledge and Sons. p. 93.
  20. Good roads: devoted to the construction and maintenance of roads and streets. Vol. 31. Burton Publishing Company. 1900. p. 15.
  21. "National League". Baseball Digest. Vol. 40, no. 1. Lakeside. January 1981. p. 14. ISSN 0005-609X.
  22. "World Series Club History". Baseball Almanac. Retrieved August 6, 2013.
  23. "History of the World Series – 1904". The Sporting News. Archived from the original on December 3, 2009. Retrieved January 2, 2010.
  24. "1876 National League Team Statistics and Standings". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  25. "1877 National League Team Statistics and Standings". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  26. "1878 National League Team Statistics and Standings". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  27. "1879 National League Team Statistics and Standings". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  28. "1880 National League Team Statistics and Standings". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  29. "1881 National League Team Statistics and Standings". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  30. "1882 National League Team Statistics and Standings". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  31. "1883 National League Team Statistics and Standings". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  32. "1884 National League Team Statistics and Standings". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  33. "1885 National League Team Statistics and Standings". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  34. "1886 National League Team Statistics and Standings". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  35. "1887 National League Team Statistics and Standings". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  36. "1888 National League Team Statistics and Standings". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  37. "1889 National League Team Statistics and Standings". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  38. "1890 National League Team Statistics and Standings". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  39. "1891 National League Team Statistics and Standings". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  40. "1892 National League Team Statistics and Standings". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  41. "1893 National League Team Statistics and Standings". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  42. "1894 National League Team Statistics and Standings". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  43. "1895 National League Team Statistics and Standings". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  44. "1896 National League Team Statistics and Standings". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  45. "1897 National League Team Statistics and Standings". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  46. "1898 National League Team Statistics and Standings". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  47. "1899 National League Team Statistics and Standings". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
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