National Bank of the Kingdom of Serbia

The National Bank of the Kingdom of Serbia (Serbian: narodna banka Кraljevine Srbije) was the central bank of the Kingdom of Serbia, established in 1884 two years after the kingdom's proclamation.

Not to be confused with Serbian National Bank or National Bank of Serbia.
1896 illustration depicting the National Bank Building, Belgrade before its expansion in 1922-1925

Background

As elsewhere in Balkan Peninsula, and more than any other region of Europe in the 19th century, the Principality of Serbia was affected by circulation of a considerable variety of foreign money. The government maintained a so-called exchange-rate list which, as late as 1866, listed no fewer than 47 different types of coin in which taxes could be paid.[1]: 32–33  In 1854, the newspaper Novine srbske published an article entitled "The current monetary crisis", which called for the creation of a new financial institution intended to put order in the affairs of the country. Given the principality's other difficulties, however, that call remained unheeded for three more decades.

History

The National Bank of the Kingdom of Serbia was created by law of King Milan I on 18 January 1883,[2] as a sui generis establishment with a privileged charter that also granted the State the right to oversee its operations, inclduing the right for the government's representative in the bank's management to veto any decision of the bank.[3]: 292  It was ostensibly modeled after the National Bank of Belgium, considered at the time to be at the forefront of modern banking institutions,[4] which provided substantial technical assistance to Serbia for the creation of the National Bank.[1]: 40 

Even after the bank's formal establishment by law, its ownership structure was still debated, between some who advocated recourse to foreign capital (as at the Imperial Ottoman Bank) given the scarcity of domestic resources, and others who doubted foreign shareholders would be sufficiently aligned with national interests. This point was resolved at a conference in May 1883 attended by Serbian merchants and business leaders, which resolved that they would provide the capital at the exclusion of foreigners.[3]: 292-293  The first general assembly of the new institution took place from 26 to February 29, 1884. The first governor of the bank was Aleksa Spasić, appointed in March 1884. The bank subsequently started operations on July 14, 1884.[2]

Originally it was located at 38 Knez Mihailova Street, at the corner of Dubrovačka Street (today Kralja Petra Street). In 1890 it moved to a larger building on Knez Mihailova Street, which remains known as the National Bank Building.

Following the Balkan Wars, the National Bank opened branch offices in Skopje and Bitola in December 1913. In late 1915 during the disruption of World War I, it was able to move much of its assets to Marseille. The National Bank under governor Đorđe Vajfert returned to Belgrade in December 1918. On 26 January 1920, the Law on the National Bank of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes changed its name to the National Bank of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes and extended its activity to the whole territory of the newly formed country.[2]

Governors
See also: List of governors of national banks of Serbia and Yugoslavia

Notes
  1. Matthias Morys (2014), "I South-Eastern European Monetary History in a pan-European Perspective, 1841–1939" (PDF), South-Eastern European Monetary and Economic Statistics from the Nineteenth Century to World War II, Athens, Sofia, Bucharest, Vienna: Bank of Greece, Bulgarian National Bank, National Bank of Romania, Oesterreichische Nationalbank
  2. "History". National Bank of Serbia.
  3. Branko Hinić, Ljiljana Đurđević, and Milan Šojić (2014). "VII. Serbia/Yugoslavia: from 1884 to 1940" (PDF). South-Eastern European Monetary and Economic Statistics from the Nineteenth Century to World War II. Athens, Sofia, Bucharest, Vienna: Bank of Greece, Bulgarian National Bank, National Bank of Romania, Oesterreichische Nationalbank. pp. 291–354.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  4. "Tradition of Central Banking". National Bank of Serbia. Retrieved 13 April 2013.


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