Nadia El Fani

Nadia El Fani was born to a French mother and a Tunisian father. Her father Béchir El Fani was one of the leaders of the Tunisian Communist Party after independence.[3] He appeared in her film Ouled Lenine.[4] She is the sister of cinematographer Sofian El Fani.

She began working in cinema as an intern in 1982 in the film Misunderstood by Jerry Schatzberg,[5] shot in Tunisia.[6] Next, she became assistant director and worked with, amongst others, Roman Polanski, Nouri Bouzid, Romain Goupil and Franco Zeffirelli.[3] In 1990, she directed her first short film and created her first video production company in Tunisia, Z’Yeux Noirs Movies, to produce and direct her films in this country.[3] Being close to Tunisian militant feminist groups, she began making documentaries in 1993 with Femmes Leader du Maghreb and Tanitez-moi.[3]

El Fani relocated to Paris in 2002, during the postproduction of her first long fiction film, Bedwin Hacker.[3] She wanted to escape the regime of Ben Ali,[7] Tunisian society which she felt was becoming more conservative due to the pressure of Islamists, and the threats she received for two controversial scenes in Bedwin Hacker.[8]^: 26:10 Thereafter she directed several documentaries, including Ouled Lenine in 2008. In the autumn of 2009, El Fani was diagnosed with breast cancer, and began chemotherapy treatment, causing hair loss.[9][10]

The 2011 documentary Neither Allah nor Master (Ni Allah ni Maître, a play on the Ni Dieu ni maître slogan coined by French socialist Louis Auguste Blanqui in 1880), in France released under the title Laïcité, Inch'Allah ! ("Secularism, God willing!"), describes the events leading up to the Tunisian Revolution and those directly following it, focusing on the role of Islam in the public sphere. In the film, El Fani states that the fall of Ben Ali should not only bring about political freedom, but also religious freedom. She defends laïcité (secularism) and warns against the threat of Islamism.[11]

In late April 2011, El Fani was invited by Hannibal TV to discuss her new film on television in a studio with 500 people. She reported that the message of her film was well-understood, and there was no hostility from the audience in the room. Although she confirmed she was an atheist herself, she claimed that Neither Allah nor Master was "not anti-religious", but a defence of separation of religion and state. At the time of the interview, she was bald because she was still undergoing chemotherapy.[7]

An edited shorter version of the interview went viral online shortly after, causing an Islamist backlash.[7] During the film's premiere in April 2011 in Tunis, dozens of Islamists attacked the cinema, breaking down the door shouting Allahu akbar! with black flags and effectively preventing the screening. Islamist lawyers filed complaints against her film.[11] El Fani received numerous death threats for being an atheist and bald and was the target of massive defamation on social media.[7] One person on social media promised 200 million dinars to whoever would kill her.[12] She decided to flee Tunisia and once again return to France to escape persecution and imprisonment.[13]

Her film premiered in France on 21 September 2011 with the title Laïcité, Inch'Allah !, and she received the Prix Internationale de la laïcité for it. She was also recovering from her cancer, joking that "The Revolution was the best of the remedies". Although she hoped to return to Tunisia "to live there and finally be free", she was afraid to go and that her passport would be confiscated.[9]

El Fani directed Même pas mal in 2012. In it, she compares her struggle with breast cancer to the political battle against Islamic fundamentalism.[10]

After Tunisian FEMEN activist Amina Tyler was arrested for posting a nude photo of herself online in 2013, El Fani was one of many who supported her. She shared an image of herself on Facebook with a statement on her chest: “My body belongs to me and is not the source of anyone’s honour.”[14] In 2013, she co-directed Nos seins, nos armes !, a documentary about the FEMEN movement for France 2.

On 2 June 2017, the six complaints lodged against her in 2011 following the broadcast of her film Neither Allah nor Master were dismissed.[15] In November 2017, she returned to Tunisia to present her film Même pas mal.[16] It was the first time in six years she had been to Tunisia and seen her father, during which the state had banned all her films.[12]