Brown-crested flycatcher
The brown-crested flycatcher (Myiarchus tyrannulus) is a passerine bird in the tyrant flycatcher family.
| Brown-crested flycatcher | |
|---|---|
 | |
| At Piraju, São Paulo State, Brazil | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Clade: | Dinosauria |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Passeriformes |
| Family: | Tyrannidae |
| Genus: | Myiarchus |
| Species: | M. tyrannulus |
| Binomial name | |
| Myiarchus tyrannulus (Statius Müller, 1776) | |
 | |
Description
Adult brown-crested flycatchers are probably the largest species of the Myiarchus flycatchers but vary considerably in size across their range, those in M. t. tyrannulus averaging rather smaller than the largest which are M. t. magister. They vary in length from 18 to 24 cm (7.1 to 9.4 in), averaging around 20.3 cm (8.0 in) long, and usually average somewhere between 30 and 45 g (1.1 and 1.6 oz), with extreme weighs from around 21 to 50 g (0.74 to 1.76 oz).[2][3] Brown-crested flycatchers have heavy bills. The upperparts are olive brown, with a darker head and short crest. The breast is grey and the belly is lemon yellow. The brown tail feathers have rufous inner webs, the remiges have rufous outer webs, and there are two dull wing bars. The sexes are similar.
The brown-crested flycatcher is best separated from other confusingly similar Myiarchus species by its call, a rough loud "come HERE, come HERE" or "whit-will-do, whit-will-do".
Distribution and ecology
The brown-crested flycatcher breeds in open woodland from southern California, southern Nevada, central Arizona, and southern Texas. It is found in almost all of Brazil, with the exception of some areas of the Amazon southward to Argentina and Bolivia, and on Trinidad and Tobago.[1] It is resident in most of its range, but individuals breeding in the United States retreat to Mexico or southern Florida in winter.
This species is a rather skulking insectivore which catches its prey by flycatching amongst the undergrowth. It sometimes eats fruit, such as the "gumbo-limbo", Bursera simaruba.[4] The nest is built in a tree cavity or similar natural or man-made hole, and the normal clutch is two or three purple-marked cream eggs.
References
- BirdLife International (2016). "Myiarchus tyrannulus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22700436A93776022. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22700436A93776022.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
- Cardiff, S. W. and D. L. Dittmann (2020). Brown-crested Flycatcher (Myiarchus tyrannulus), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (A. F. Poole and F. B. Gill, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA.
- Dunning, John B. Jr., ed. (2008). CRC Handbook of Avian Body Masses (2nd ed.). CRC Press. ISBN 978-1-4200-6444-5.
- Mercedes S. Foster (2007). "The potential of fruiting trees to enhance converted habitats for migrating birds in southern Mexico". Bird Conservation International. 17 (1): 45–61. doi:10.1017/S0959270906000554.
Further reading
- ffrench, Richard; O'Neill, John Patton; Eckelberry, Don R. (1991). A guide to the Birds of Trinidad and Tobago (2nd ed.). Ithaca, NY: Comstock Publishing. ISBN 978-0-8014-9792-6.
- Hilty, Steven L. (2003). Birds of Venezuela. Helm Identification Guides. London: Christopher Helm. ISBN 978-0-7136-6418-8.
External links
- "Brown-crested flycatcher media". Internet Bird Collection.
- Brown-crested flycatcher photo gallery at VIREO (Drexel University)
- Brown-crested flycatcher species account at Neotropical Birds (Cornell Lab of Ornithology)
- Interactive range map of Myiarchus tyrannulus at IUCN Red List maps