Mladenovac
Mladenovac (Serbian Cyrillic: Младеновац, pronounced [mlâde̞nɔ̝v̞at͡s]) is a municipality of the city of Belgrade. According to the 2022 census results, the municipality has a population of 48,683 inhabitants, while the urban area has 22,346 inhabitants.
Mladenovac
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|---|---|
 A monument in Mladenovac | |
.png.webp) Coat of arms | |
 Location of Mladenovac within the city of Belgrade | |
| Coordinates: 44°26′N 20°42′E | |
| Country |  Serbia |
| City |  Belgrade |
| Settlements | 22 |
| Government | |
| • Municipality president | Vladan Glišić (SNS) |
| Area | |
| • Urban | 11.36 km2 (4.39 sq mi) |
| • Municipality | 338.97 km2 (130.88 sq mi) |
| Population (2022 census)[3] | |
| • Urban | 22,346 |
| • Urban density | 2,000/km2 (5,100/sq mi) |
| • Municipality | 48,683 |
| • Municipality density | 140/km2 (370/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 11400 |
| Area code | +381 11 |
| Car plates | BG |
| Website | www |
Name
Its name stems from word 'youth' in Serbian. According to a legend, the emergence of the name is brought in connection with a man named Mladen, who established himself after the battle on the Kosovo in 1389 with his two brothers in this desert area. The brothers separated and the place, where Mladen had established himself, was called Mladenovac.
History
In the village of Kovačevac, 4.5 km (2.80 mi) from downtown Mladenovac, there is an archaeological locality Divičmeđ. It spreads on 10 ha (24.71 acres) in the valley of the Veliki Lug river and contains remains from the prehistoric and medieval periods. Medieval settlement was located under the Brest plateau, surrounding the Divičmeđ and Bunar water springs. Excavations were conducted in 1986-1987 (headed by Milica Janković) and 1995. Oldest settlement from this period is dated to the 9th century. It had shallow dug houses, with scattered clay vessels and iron arrowheads discovered, too. This settlement disappeared in c.900, but was revived in the 10th century. Apart from pottery artifacts, also discovered were jewelry, lead beads (presumably for religious purpose), soldiers' vests and square artisan furnace, cut into the wall, with the places for sitting and laying around it.[4]
The settlement disappeared again in the 13th century but was established again in the mid-14th century. This locality yielded fine, thin ceramics, Serbian coins and ornamental, gold plated rivets, shaped like eagle heads. The settlement died out around c.1400 and was never settled again. In total, there are 250 registered archaeological localities on the Mladenovac municipal territory, 98 of which are from the Middle Ages.[4]
The first official data over a settlement in this area are mentioned in the Ottoman census of 1528. The day of the urban district is 2 August, when Mladenovac was given the status of a town in 1893.
In 1971, the municipality of Mladenovac, along with Lazarevac, was annexed to the city of Belgrade.
On 4 May 2023, nine people were killed and thirteen others were injured in a spree shooting in the villages of Dubona and Šepšin.[5]
Geography
This town, situated about 47 km (29.20 mi) in the south of Belgrade, is a part of the district of the capital city of Serbia. Together with the suburban settlements Kovačevac, Koraćica, Markovac, Jagnjilo, Senaja, Granice, Velika Krsna, Dubona, Šepšin, Velika Ivanča, Rajkovac, Selo Mladenovac, Rabrovac, Amerić, Vrbica the municipality of Mladenovac extends over 339 km2 (130.89 sq mi) and has 53,050 inhabitants.
Features
Kosmaj with its altitude of 628 m is the highest point in this region. A monument dedicated to Serbs (Partisans) who lost their lives in World War II fights that took place in this area sits at the top of this mountain.
A medieval monastery Tresije, built in the 13th century, is located on the way from the town center to Mount Kosmaj.
Mladenovac is also a crossing point of many trading and transporting routes such as Belgrade, Kragujevac, Aranđelovac, Smederevo, Smederevska Palanka.
Demographics
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
|---|---|---|
| 1948 | 37,662 | — |
| 1953 | 39,945 | +1.18% |
| 1961 | 44,769 | +1.44% |
| 1971 | 47,134 | +0.52% |
| 1981 | 52,489 | +1.08% |
| 1991 | 56,389 | +0.72% |
| 2002 | 52,490 | −0.65% |
| 2011 | 53,096 | +0.13% |
| Source: [6] | ||
According to the 2011 census results, the municipality has a population of 53,096 inhabitants.
Ethnic groups
The ethnic composition of the municipality (as of 2011):[7]
| Ethnic group | Population |
|---|---|
| Serbs | 50,231 |
| Romani | 1,022 |
| Montenegrins | 118 |
| Macedonians | 94 |
| Yugoslavs | 68 |
| Croats | 65 |
| Russians | 36 |
| Hungarians | 33 |
| Bulgarians | 25 |
| Gorani | 17 |
| Muslims | 15 |
| Slovenians | 11 |
| Others | 1,361 |
| Total | 53,096 |
Economy
Most of the inhabitants of Mladenovac are working in the industrial factories. The most prominent large companies are: Keramika, Progres, Minel trafo, Elektrošumadija, Cobest and Makovica.
There is a game hunting ground "Varovnica" in the municipality.[8] Other touristic attractions in the municipality include the nearby Kosmaj mountain with its monasteries, monuments and excursion complexes, Selters Spa, lakes of Markovac and Rabrovac, and the ethno-village of Amerić.[9]
The following table gives a preview of total number of registered people employed in legal entities per their core activity (as of 2018):[10]
| Activity | Total |
|---|---|
| Agriculture, forestry and fishing | 171 |
| Mining and quarrying | 3 |
| Manufacturing | 2,433 |
| Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply | 110 |
| Water supply; sewerage, waste management and remediation activities | 293 |
| Construction | 312 |
| Wholesale and retail trade, repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles | 1,736 |
| Transportation and storage | 489 |
| Accommodation and food services | 388 |
| Information and communication | 121 |
| Financial and insurance activities | 169 |
| Real estate activities | 43 |
| Professional, scientific and technical activities | 305 |
| Administrative and support service activities | 126 |
| Public administration and defense; compulsory social security | 573 |
| Education | 718 |
| Human health and social work activities | 1,294 |
| Arts, entertainment and recreation | 119 |
| Other service activities | 206 |
| Individual agricultural workers | 680 |
| Total | 10,290 |
Selters Spa
The Selters Institute for Rehabilitation is located 50 km (31 mi) southeast from Belgrade, in the urban area of Mladenovac. The first water well with warm salty water was dug in 1893. After the water from the thermo-mineral spring was analyzed, it showed similarities with the waters from spas Bad Ems in Germany, Royat in France and Luhačovice in Bohemia, but it was most comparable to the Selters Spa in Germany, so it was named the same way. Water was awarded with medals in Brussels (1906) and London (1907). The health resort was initially developed by Dr. Naum Atanasijević, who sold his inheritance, a steam mill, and invested the money into the villa with 30 beds.[11]
Thermal water comes from two springs. The spa continued to develop during Interbellum, when number of visitors exceeded Mladenovac's population. The modern complex was reconstructed and expanded in 1975, when state Institute for Occupational Medicine and Rehabilitation purchased the center. Rehabilitation center "Sokobanjska" was opened in 1989 in Belgrade itself, and later administratively became part of Selters.[12]
The water is beneficial for the patients with strokes, rheumatism, orthopedic problems and cerebral palsy. The institute also provides the mud healing therapies though it has no natural healing mud. It is made from the mixture of thermal water, clay and zeolite, which matures in special pools and then is kept at 40 °C (104 °F). As of 2017, the complex has a floor area of 26,000 m2 (280,000 sq ft) with 300 beds, wellness and spa centers, a park of 14 ha (35 acres) and 7,000 patients yearly.[11]
With the surrounding neighborhoods, Selters forms one of the "local communities", sub-municipal administrative units, of the town of Mladenovac. It had a population of 3,619 in 1981,[13] 4,468 in 1991,[14] 5,094 in 2002[15] and 4,601 in 2011.[16]
Education
The biggest primary school is "Momcilo Zivojinovic" with over 2000 pupils. Second in size is "Sveti Sava" primary school. There is also a primary school "Kosta Đukić" in Mladenovac. Also in Mladenovac exist 8 primary schools and 2 secondary schools. It has a long history, educating many pupils and having many teachers work in it. Every one of them left a trace in the school's history. The primary school Kosta Đukić was founded in 1968. Its pupils have shown very good results in mathematics, chemistry, and physics. It is one of three town’s schools in Mladenovac and its nearby Selters Institute for Rehabilitation. This school has also classes in villages Međulužje, Pružatovac, Markovac, Koraćica,Vlaška and Velika Ivanča. The school in Koraćica has existed for over 150 years. The school is very successful in many fields. Its pupils in recent years have shown good results in various republic and national competitions. The school also has a lot of playgrounds for basketball, football, etc. The Grammar School in Mladenovac is very successful in Serbian and history, especially in republic competitions.
References
- "Municipalities of Serbia, 2006". Statistical Office of Serbia. Retrieved 2010-11-28.
- "Насеља општине Младеновац" (PDF). stat.gov.rs (in Serbian). Statistical Office of Serbia. Retrieved 23 October 2019.
- "2011 Census of Population, Households and Dwellings in the Republic of Serbia: Comparative Overview of the Number of Population in 1948, 1953, 1961, 1971, 1981, 1991, 2002 and 2011, Data by settlements" (PDF). Statistical Office of Republic Of Serbia, Belgrade. 2014. ISBN 978-86-6161-109-4. Retrieved 2014-06-27.
- Branka Vasiljević, Velibor Katić (22 June 2020). "Srednjovekovno blago nadomak centra grada" [Medieval treasure on the outskirts of the city]. Politika (in Serbian). p. 15.
- Vaš, Gordana (2023-06-23). "Preminuo jedan od povređenih u masovnoj pucnjavi u Malom Orašju". N1 (in Serbian). Retrieved 2023-06-23.
- "2011 Census of Population, Households and Dwellings in the Republic of Serbia" (PDF). stat.gov.rs. Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia. Retrieved 28 March 2017.
- "ETHNICITY Data by municipalities and cities" (PDF). stat.gov.rs. Statistical Office of Serbia. Retrieved 1 March 2018.
- Branka Vasiljević (5 August 2018). "Lovci u Beograd stižu porodično" [Hunters travel to Belgrade with their families]. Politika (in Serbian).
- Branka Vasiljević, Ana Vuković (31 May 2020). Живописна природа, пецање, шетња, богата историја... [Colorful nature, fishing, walking, rich history...]. Politika (in Serbian).
- "MUNICIPALITIES AND REGIONS OF THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA, 2019" (PDF). stat.gov.rs. Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia. 25 December 2019. Retrieved 28 December 2019.
- Danijela Davidov Kesar (5 October 2017), "Lekovita Selters banja spremna za Arape", Politika (in Serbian), p. 113
- Danijela Davidov Kesar (12 October 2022), У "Селтерс" бањи пацијенти се опорављају и од постковид синдрома [Patients with post-Covid syndrome recuperate in Selters Spa also], Politika (in Serbian), p. 08
- Osnovni skupovi stanovništva u zemlji – SFRJ, SR i SAP, opštine i mesne zajednice 31.03.1981, tabela 191. Savezni zavod za statistiku (txt file). 1983.
- Stanovništvo prema migracionim obeležjima – SFRJ, SR i SAP, opštine i mesne zajednice 31.03.1991, tabela 018. Savezni zavod za statistiku (txt file).
- Popis stanovništva po mesnim zajednicama, Saopštenje 40/2002, page 4. Zavod za informatiku i statistiku grada Beograda. 26 July 2002.
- Stanovništvo po opštinama i mesnim zajednicama, Popis 2011. Grad Beograd – Sektor statistike (xls file). 23 April 2015.
External links
| Spas (thermal, mud and air) |
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| Unregulated, undeveloped and former spas |
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