Muara Bungo
Muara Bungo is a town in the Indonesian province of Jambi, Sumatra. It is the capital of Bungo Regency,[1][2] a regency (kabupaten) in Sumatra. It has a land area of 9.21 km2, and had a population of 21,243 as of the 2020 census;[3] the official estimate as at mid 2022 was 21,600.[4]
Geography
Waterways
The Benit river runs through Muara Bungo, and proven gold deposits in the river within Muara Bungo were estimated at 1,383 kilograms (3,049 lb) in 2005.[5]
Climate
Muara Bungo has a tropical rainforest climate (Af) with heavy rainfall year-round.
| Climate data for Muara Bungo | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Average high °C (°F) | 30.2 (86.4) |
30.8 (87.4) |
31.2 (88.2) |
31.6 (88.9) |
31.8 (89.2) |
31.5 (88.7) |
31.3 (88.3) |
31.3 (88.3) |
31.2 (88.2) |
31.1 (88.0) |
31.0 (87.8) |
30.4 (86.7) |
31.1 (88.0) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 26.3 (79.3) |
26.6 (79.9) |
26.9 (80.4) |
27.3 (81.1) |
27.3 (81.1) |
26.9 (80.4) |
26.7 (80.1) |
26.7 (80.1) |
26.8 (80.2) |
26.8 (80.2) |
26.8 (80.2) |
26.5 (79.7) |
26.8 (80.2) |
| Average low °C (°F) | 22.4 (72.3) |
22.4 (72.3) |
22.6 (72.7) |
23.0 (73.4) |
22.8 (73.0) |
22.4 (72.3) |
22.1 (71.8) |
22.1 (71.8) |
22.4 (72.3) |
22.5 (72.5) |
22.6 (72.7) |
22.6 (72.7) |
22.5 (72.5) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 359 (14.1) |
291 (11.5) |
321 (12.6) |
360 (14.2) |
199 (7.8) |
127 (5.0) |
148 (5.8) |
147 (5.8) |
189 (7.4) |
231 (9.1) |
276 (10.9) |
299 (11.8) |
2,947 (116) |
| Source: Climate-Data.org[6] | |||||||||||||
Infrastructure
Transportation
The Muara Bungo Airport is located in Muara Bungo, and began operations in November 2012.[7] A roadway connects Muara Bungo with Jambi City and Palembang.[8] In 1977, the Sawahtambang-Muara Bungo highway was under construction.[9]
Emergency services
Muara Bungo has a fire department that is equipped with fire trucks.[10] The fire department responds to building fires and fires on agricultural and vacant lands.[11] In May 2015, it was reported that fires in Muara Bungo during 2015 had caused Rp $3 billion in losses and damages,[11] which is approximately US$223,957. The damage estimate was mostly attributed to building fires.[11] Muara Bungo also has a police department.[12][13]
Business and commerce
A branch of Bank Rakyat Indonesia is located in Muara Bungo.[13]
Land use
Natural rubber is produced in Muara Bungo,[14] and rubber farming is a primary source of income and livelihood for the majority of the city's residents.[15] An agroforestry innovation involved the planting of rubber trees and cinnamon alongside one-another to diversify plantings to avoid monoculture.[16] Muara Bungo has some large oil palm plantations,[17] and palm oil is produced there.[18] Circa 1995 to 1996, illegal timber harvesting was observed in Muara Bungo.[19]
Schools
The University of Muara Bungo is located in the city.[20]
Crime
In June 2015, it was reported that street crime rates were increasing in Muara Bungo.[15] Crimes have included mugging (theft by violence), auto theft and robberies.[15] It was reported by Tribun Jambi that a majority of the crimes were committed by outsiders who do not reside in Muara Bungo.[15]
References
- "Runway Bandara Muara Bungo Bakal Jadi 2.000 Meter". Tribun Jambi. 2014-10-15. Retrieved 25 April 2015.
- "Amaris Hotel Muara Bungo – Jambi". Retrieved 3 June 2015.
- Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2021.
- Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2023.
- Feraco, PT.; Indonesia (2005). Indonesia mining & mineral: exploring potential resources. Directorate of Mineral Resources Inventory, Directorate General of Geology and Mineral Resources, Dept. of Energy and Mineral Resources in cooperation with PT. Fery Agung Corporation. pp. 95, 97. ISBN 978-979-3824-03-1.
- "Climate: Muara Bungo". Climate-Data.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- "Bandara Muara Bungo Beroperasi" (in Indonesian). Tribun Jambi. 25 November 2012. Retrieved 5 June 2015.
- Ashmore, H.S. (1963). Encyclopædia Britannica: A New Survey of Universal Knowledge. Encyclopædia Britannica: A New Survey of Universal Knowledge. Encyclopœdia Britannica. Quote: "The town of Jambi is connected by road with Palembang and Muara Bungo, where a road leads over the mountains northwest to Padang."
- The Geographical Digest. George Philip and Son, Limited. 1977. p. 93. ISBN 9780540010301. Retrieved 5 June 2015. Quote: "The Sawahtambang-Muara Bungo highway (West Sumatra) is under construction."
- "Mobil Bergambar Bakal Cabup Bungo Terbakar". Tribun Jambi (in Indonesian). 20 May 2015. Retrieved 5 June 2015.
- "Setengah Tahun, Kerugian Kebakaran Tiga Miliar". Tribun Jambi (in Indonesian). 16 May 2015. Retrieved 5 June 2015.
- "Di Bungo, Peluru Tembus Kepala Perampok". Tribun Jambi (in Indonesian). 28 April 2015. Retrieved 5 June 2015.
- "Kantor Cabang BRI Muara Bungo Dijaga Polisi". Tribun Jambi (in Indonesian). 21 January 2015. Retrieved 5 June 2015.
- India Rubber World. Bill Brothers Publishing Corporation. 1921. p. 214.
- "Awas, Kejahatan Jalanan di Bungo Meningkat". Tribun Jambi (in Indonesian). 2 June 2015. Retrieved 5 June 2015.
- Cairns, M. (2010). Voices from the Forest: Integrating Indigenous Knowledge into Sustainable Upland Farming. Taylor & Francis. p. 738. ISBN 978-1-136-52227-7.
- Sist, P.; Sabogal, C.; Byron, Y.; Research, C.I.F. (1999). Management of Secondary and Logged-over Forests in Indonesia: Selected Proceedings of an International Workshop 17–19 November 1997. Center for International Forestry Research. p. 41. ISBN 978-979-8764-34-9.
- Feintrenie, Laurène, Wan Kian Chong, and Patrice Levang. "Why do farmers prefer oil palm? Lessons learnt from Bungo district, Indonesia." Small-scale forestry 9.3 (2010): 379–396.
- Michon, G.; Angelsen, A. (2005). Domesticating Forests: How Farmers Manage Forest Resources. Center for International Forestry Research. p. 57. ISBN 978-2-7099-1554-0.
- "Universitas Muara Bungo". Universitas Muara Bungo. Retrieved 5 June 2015.
Further reading
- Zajuli, M. Heri Hermiyanto, and H. Panggabean. "Depositional Environment of Fine-Grained Sedimentary Rocks of the Sinamar Formation, Muara Bungo, Jambi". Indonesian Journal on Geoscience 8.1 (2013): 25–38. (subscription required)
- "Ore and Alteration Mineralogy of Muara Bungo Gold Prospect, Jambi Province: Implication for Deposits Genesis". Proceedings of International Conference on Georesources and Geological Engineering, Yogyakarta. December 2013.
- Adnan, H.; Research, C.I.F. (2008). Belajar dari Bungo: mengelola sumberdaya alam di era desentralisasi (in Indonesian). Center for International Forestry Research. ISBN 978-979-1412-47-6.
- Sibuea, T. Herdimansyah Th. 1993. "The variety of Mammal species in the agroforest areas of Krui (Lampung), Muara Bungo (Jambi) and Maninjau (West Sumatra)". Final research report, Orstom and Himbio.