Mu'in al-Madi

In 1914, al-Madi was elected head of Acre's municipality and then leader of Baysan.[3][1] On August 1, 1915, upon suspicion of helping Arab nationalists, he was transferred to Beirut (the Ottoman governor there, Jamal Pasha, had already hanged a number of Arab nationalists in the city) to serve as governmental employee. Following this demotion, he was tried by a military tribunal on charges of "conspiracy against the Ottoman state," but the charges were acquitted when his father interfered on his behalf. Al-Madi's demotion and trial left him embittered with the Ottoman authorities and after his release, he took up an alias and hid in the house of an Arab Christian, Najib al-Hakim, in Damascus.[3]

From 1918, al-Madi was among the focal members of an emerging group of Arab nationalists based in Haifa and linked to the pan-Arab movement of Syria which also included Rashid al-Haj Ibrahim, a prominent businessman and local Haifan leader. He had previously joined the nationalist underground organization, al-Fatat. Initially, al-Madi's activities centered on the Hashemites, who led the Arab Revolt against the Ottoman Turks in 1917. He served under the short-lived Damascus-based government of King Faisal ibn al-Hussein, a Hashemite, in 1920. During this period, he was appointed governor of al-Karak in Transjordan,[4] as well as the Director of Intelligence.[5]

After the dissolution of the pan-Arab government in May 1921, al-Madi returned to Ijzim. His background in addition to his education, allowed him to take controversial stands without affecting his position as an Arab nationalist. He was one of the few members in this movement to make compromises with the question of establishing an Arab Legislative Council.[4] By 1924, he began to gain influence in Ijzim and formed a base of support in Haifa.[6] He and Najib al-Hakim joined and offered their services without charge to the Haifa branch of the Palestine Arab Workers Society (PAWS) upon its founding in 1925, in order to counter the influence of the Jewish labor organization, Histadrut.[7]

On August 2, 1932, al-Madi became one of nine Palestinians who founded the al-Istiqlal (Independence) party which espoused pan-Arabism, independence from Great Britain, and the assertion of the Palestinian Arab identity within Greater Syria. He was one of the organizers of the 1933 anti-British demonstrations in Jaffa.[8]

He was later appointed to the Arab Higher Committee (AHC), established in early 1936 by the Grand Mufti of Jerusalem, Mohammad Amin al-Husayni. In June, he was dispatched to Baghdad where he was "enthusiastically" received. He successfully managed to convince Yasin al-Hashimi, the Prime Minister of Iraq, to release Fawzi al-Qawuqji from the army to lead an Arab volunteer army against the British in Palestine. He was again sent to Iraq (with Izzat Darwaza and al-Haj Ibrahim) in January 1937, as well as to Riyadh, to garner support for the Arab revolt in Palestine that was initiated the year prior.[9] He was exiled with most of the Palestinian Arab leadership and was one of the first leaders to meet with al-Husayni in Lebanon to discuss a new Arab strategy.[10] In January 1938, the French Mandate authorities had al-Madi banished to Alexandretta in northern Syria.[11]