Milman's reverse Brunn–Minkowski inequality

Let K and L be convex bodies in Rⁿ. The Brunn–Minkowski inequality states that

${\displaystyle \mathrm {vol} (K+L)^{1/n}\geq \mathrm {vol} (K)^{1/n}+\mathrm {vol} (L)^{1/n}~,}$

where vol denotes n-dimensional Lebesgue measure and the + on the left-hand side denotes Minkowski addition.

In general, no reverse bound is possible, since one can find convex bodies K and L of unit volume so that the volume of their Minkowski sum is arbitrarily large. Milman's theorem states that one can replace one of the bodies by its image under a properly chosen volume-preserving linear map so that the left-hand side of the Brunn–Minkowski inequality is bounded by a constant multiple of the right-hand side.

The result is one of the main structural theorems in the local theory of Banach spaces.[2]

There is a constant C, independent of n, such that for any two centrally symmetric convex bodies K and L in Rⁿ, there are volume-preserving linear maps φ and ψ from Rⁿ to itself such that for any real numbers s, t > 0

${\displaystyle \mathrm {vol} (s\,\varphi K+t\,\psi L)^{1/n}\leq C\left(s\,\mathrm {vol} (\varphi K)^{1/n}+t\,\mathrm {vol} (\psi L)^{1/n}\right)~.}$

One of the maps may be chosen to be the identity.[3]

• Milman, Vitali D. (1986). "Inégalité de Brunn-Minkowski inverse et applications à la théorie locale des espaces normés. [An inverse form of the Brunn-Minkowski inequality, with applications to the local theory of normed spaces]". Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences, Série I. 302 (1): 25–28. MR 0827101.

• Pisier, Gilles (1989). The volume of convex bodies and Banach space geometry. Cambridge Tracts in Mathematics. Vol. 94. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-36465-5. MR 1036275.