Milk (programming language)

• Booleans: true or false
• Numbers: Only one type- double-precision floating point. 1234 and 12.34 all fit under the same variable.
• Strings: Enclosed in "double quotes". ""; "crazy stuff!";
• Nil: Had to distinguish the null value with Java's null, so used Nil.

A lot of stuff going on here.

Arithmetic Just like normal.

add + this;
subtract - me; 
multiply * me;
divide / this;
-negateThis

Comparisons

less < than
lessThan =< orEqual
greater > than
greaterThan >= orEqual

1==2;       //false
"cat"!="dog";  //true
//You can compare different types!
314 == "pi"; //false
123 == "123"; //false

Logic

!true;  //false
!false; //true
true and false; //false
true and true;  //true
false or false; //false
true or true;   //true

// Use () to change precedence
var avg =  (min + max) / 2;

Statements produce an effect. The print statement is an example. You can pack a series of statements

{
  print "One statement.";
  print "Two statements.";
}

Like other languages, use = to initialize variables. Omitting the initializer defaults to nil. Because Milk is dynamically-typed there is only one key word for defining variables, var.

var hello = "World";
var stillAVar;

Access and assign variables using the name

var breakfast = "bagels";
print breakfast; // "bagels".
breakfast = "beignets";
print breakfast; // "beignets".

There are if, for, and while statements.

// If/Else statements
if(condition){
  print "correct";
}
else{
  print "wrong";
}

// While Loop
var a = 0;
while(a<10)
{
 print "Ming is so cool";
 a = a + 1;
}

// For Loop
for(var a = 1; a < 10; a = a +5)
{
    print a;
}

Really let the power get to my head at this point.

Functions can be run with or without arguments and look just like Java's functions.

doThing()
build(brick, clay)

Use the keyword ming to declare functions...Clever right? LOL.

// No I'm not joking.
ming printSum(a,b)
{
  print a + b;
}

Functions are first class in Milk, meaning they work just real values. Imagine function pointers in C.

ming addPair(a, b) {
  return a + b;
}

ming identity(a) {
  return a;
}

print identity(addPair)(1, 2); // Prints "3".

Functions can be declared within functions. It's a pretty cool feature. Shout out to Bob Nystrom (the author of the book).

ming returnFunction() {
  var outside = "outside";

  ming inner() {
    print outside;
  }

  return inner;
}

var woah = returnFunction();
fn();

Milk is OOP. Here's what one would look like.

class Breakfast {
  cook() {
    print "Eggs a-fryin'!";
  }

  serve(who) {
    print "Enjoy your breakfast, " + who + ".";
  }
}

// Store it in variables.
var someVariable = Breakfast;

// Pass it to functions.
someFunction(Breakfast);

// Print it 
print someVariable; // "Breakfast instance"

Instances and Initialization Use init() to create a constructor-sorta-thing.

class Breakfast {
  init(meat, bread) {
    this.meat = meat;
    this.bread = bread;
  }

  // ...
}

var baconAndToast = Breakfast("bacon", "toast");
baconAndToast.serve("Dear Reader");

Inheritance Use className<superClass to get inheritance working.

class Brunch < Breakfast {
  drink() {
    print "How about a orange juice?";
  }
}

In the above example Brunch is the subclass and thus is able to use any of Breakfast's methods. But when Brunch calls drink() the output is different than what Breakfast would output.

1. Download the language.
2. On command prompt/terminal/ssh, cd into where Milk is located.
3. javac Milk.java
4. java Milk

If there's no argument you enter a Milk environment, just like Python's virtual environment.