Mermithergate

A mermithergate is an ant worker that has a changed appearance as a result of an Enoplia nematode infection.

Mermithergate (a and b) and normal workers of Camponotus punctulatus
Soldier, worker and mermithergate of Pheidole dentata

Etymology

The word was coined by William M. Wheeler in 1910.[1] It is a combination of the nematode genus Mermis, for which Wheeler first described the phenomenon, and ergate, which means ant worker.[2] Infected females (queens) are called mermithogynes.

Infection cycle

Up to 5% of some populations of Cephalotes atratus suffer from an infection by the tetradonematid nematode Myrmeconema neotropicum. It causes the ant's abdomen to turn from black to bright red, strikingly resembling a red berry. In addition, the ant then holds it up most of the time, and it is easily ripped off. Birds easily mistake these for real fruit and pick them, while they avoid eating normal ants. The nematodes pass through the bird's digestive system as eggs without harming it. The circle closes when C. atratus workers feed on the bird droppings, thus getting infected.[3]

See also

References
  1. Wheeler, William M. (1910): "The effects of parasitic and other kinds of castration in insects". Journal of Experimental Zoology 8: 377-438. PDF
  2. Wheeler, W.M. (1929): A Camponotus mermithergate from Argentina. Psyche 36: 102-106. PDF
  3. University of California: Ant parasite turns host into ripe red berry, biologists discover Archived 2008-07-04 at the Wayback Machine — Retrieved on 2008-01-20.

Further reading
  • Wheeler, W.M. (1901): The parasitic origin of macroërgates among ants. American Naturalist 35: 877–886. PDF
  • Wheeler, W.M. (1928): Mermis parasitism and intercastes among ants. Journal of Experimental Zoology 50: 165–237. PDF
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