Mirza Adeeb

Mirza Adeeb, PP, BA (Hon), (Urdu: مرزا ادیب—Mirzā Adīb; 4 April 1914 – 31 July 1999[2][1][3][4]), also known as Meerza Adeeb, (میرزا ادیب—Mīrzā Adīb),[4] was a Pakistani dramatist, playwright and short story writer who wrote in Urdu and Punjabi language.[5] His plays and short stories won him six prizes and awards from the Pakistan Writers' Guild.[1]

Mirza Adeeb
A portrait of Mirza Adeeb
A portrait of Mirza Adeeb
Native name
میرزا ادیب (Urdu)
BornMirza Dilawer
(1914-04-04)4 April 1914
Lahore, Punjab, British India
(now Pakistan)
Died31 July 1999(1999-07-31) (aged 85)
Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
Pen nameMeerza Adeeb
OccupationDramatist or Playwright, Short story writer
LanguagePunjabi, Urdu
NationalityBritish Indian
(1914–1947)
Pakistani
(1947–1999)
CitizenshipPakistani
EducationB.A. (Hon.)
Alma mater
PeriodModern Era (Post-World War II)
GenreDrama, short story
SubjectVerisimilitude, Realism and Romanticism
Literary movementProgressive Movement
Romanticist Movement
Notable worksPas-i Pardah (1967), Caccā Coṉc
Notable awards

Name

Mirza Adeeb's birth name was Mirza Dilawer Ali,[6][7] but he came to be known in the literary world as Mirza Adeeb. (Mirza denotes the rank of a high nobleman or Prince,[Note 1] and Adeeb means 'Litterateur'.)

Early life

He was born on 4 April 1914, in Lahore, British India to Mirza Basheer Ali.[2][1] He attended Government Islamia High School, Bhati Gate, Lahore. He got his Bachelor of Arts degree from Islamia College, Lahore. He initially focused on poetry, then devoted himself to playwriting.[1][6]

Career

Plays

At first, being influenced from the Rūmānwī Tẹḥrīk—رومانوی تحریک (Urdu for 'The Romanticist Movement'), he wrote romantic prose.[8]

Later, he switched to writing plays about everyday events and incidents taking place in the society; focusing more on social problems and common public issues. His later works were pragmatist and verisimilitudinous.[7] He used simple and everyday language in his plays, which enabled them to get a greater audience. Moreover, he had begun writing one-act dramas, which made them easier to broadcast over radio and television.[9][2] When he affiliated himself with Radio Pakistan, many of his plays were broadcast and they gained popularity among the masses. He is listed as a prominent Urdu playwright of the Modern Era.[9][2]

Other works

His main works, other than dramas, include stories and biographies.[9] He also wrote critical essays and commentaries on books, besides writing columns in newspapers. He was also influenced by the Taraqqī-Pasasnd Tẹḥrīk—ترقّی-پسند تحریک (Urdu for 'Progressive Movement').[9] He was also the editor of magazines, of which the most notable is Adab-e Laṭīf—ادبِ لطیف (Urdu for 'Humorous Literature'). He also translated some American stories to Urdu.[9]

Style

Following are the main features of Mirza Adeeb's style of writing:[9]

  • Objectivity: His plays had a strong sense of objectivity in them.
  • Riveting dialogues: The dialogues he chose were grounded, yet captivating. Each character spoke according to his/her social status and his dramas did not contain artificial, literary dialogues. His dialogues also contained witty repartees and striking replies.
  • Versatility: His story lines include a variety of topics, taken from the prosaic lives on common people.
  • Pragmatism: Rather than focusing on characterisation, as did many of his contemporaries, he focused more on events.
  • Humanitarianism: His plays and stories have a humanitarian and philanthropic outlook.

Works
  • His selective drama-collections are:
  • Āⁿsū aur Sitārē, آنسو اور ستارے (Urdu for 'Tears and the Stars')[6]
  • Lahū aur Qālīn, لہو اور قالین (Urdu for 'the Blood and the Carpet')[6]
  • Šīšē kī Dīwār, شیشے کی دیوار (Urdu for 'the Wall of Glass')[6][10]
  • Sutūn, ستون (Urdu for 'the Pillar')[6][11]
  • Faṣīl-e Šab, فصیلِ شب (Urdu for 'Part of the Night')[1]
  • m'Pas-e Pardah, پسِ پرده (Urdu for 'Beneath the Veil') (1967)[1][7]
  • Xāk Našīn, خاک نشین (Urdu for 'the Earth Dwellers')[8] and
  • Šīšah Mērē Saŋg, شیشہ میرے سنگ (Urdu for 'the Glass With Me')[6]
  • His selective short-story collections are:[9]
  • Jaŋgal, جنگل (Urdu for 'the Jungle')
  • Dustak, دستک (Urdu for 'Knocking')
  • Dīwārēⁿ, دیواریں (Urdu for 'the Walls')
  • Kambal, کمبل (Urdu for 'the Blanket')
  • Sharfoo Ki Kahani, شروف کی کہانی (Urdu for 'The Story of Nobel people')
  • Wo Larki Kon Thi, وہ لڑکی کون تھی (Urdu for 'Who was that girl')
  • His collection of personal biographies is:
  • Nāxun kā Qarź, ناخن کا قرض (Urdu for 'the Debt of the Fingernail')[1]
  • Miṫṫī kā Diyā, مٹّی کا دیا (Urdu for 'the Earthen Lamp') is his autobiography.[1][7][12]

Awards

Death

Mirza Adeeb died on 31 July 1999 in Lahore, Pakistan at age 85.[2]

See also

Notes
  1. The derivation of which word is from Emir – Amīr (Urdu for 'nobleman') and Zādah (Urdu for 'son').

References
  1. Aqeel Abbas Jafari (2010). Pakistan Chronicle (in Urdu) (1st ed.). Karachi: Virsa Publications. p. 842. ISBN 9789699454004.
  2. "Renowned playwright Mirza Adeeb remembered". The Nation (newspaper). Archived from the original on 5 April 2023. Retrieved 13 August 2023.
  3. "Fāt̴imah Bint-e ʿAbdullāh". Urdū (lāzmī), barā-yi jamāʿat dahum. Lahore: Punjab Textbook Board. 2009. p. 51.
  4. "Apnā Apnā Rāg". Sarmāya-eh Urdū (dōm). Islamabad: National Book Foundation. 2011. p. 70.
  5. "Literary Necrology 2001 (Bibliography)". World Literature Today. 22 March 2002. Archived from the original on 11 October 2013. Retrieved 15 September 2013. – via HighBeam Research (subscription required)
  6. "Apnā Apnā Rāg". Ā'īna-eh Urdū (lāzmī). Lahore: Khalid Book Depot. 2006. p. 124.
  7. "Fāṭimah Bint-e ʿAbdullah". Ā'īna-eh Urdū lāzmī (dōm). Lahore: Khalid Book Depot. 2006. pp. 173–174.
  8. "Apnā Apnā Rāg". Sarmāya-eh Urdū (lāzmī). Kabir St., Urdu Bazaar, Lahore: Ilmi Kitab Khana. 2008. p. 122.
  9. "Mirzā Adīb kē Fan par Tabṣirah". Muṣannifīn peh Tabṣirah. Karachi: Adamjee Centre. 2010. pp. 10–11.
  10. "Šīšē kī Dīwār by Mirza Adeeb – Urdu Book online". UrduPoint.com website. 16 November 2007. Retrieved 10 August 2019.
  11. Mirza Adeeb. Sutūn. GoogleBooks. Retrieved 10 August 2019.
  12. Mirza Adeeb (1981). "Miṫṫī kā Diyā". GoogleBooks website. Retrieved 10 August 2019.
  13. Mirza Adeeb profile on urduyouthforum.org website Retrieved 10 August 2019
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