Maurice II de Craon

Maurice II de Craon (c. 1132–1196) was Lord of Craon, Governor of Anjou and Maine under Henry II, a military figure and Anglo-Norman of the 12th century. Maurice II also possessed fiefs in England which he held courtesy of Henry II.

Maurice II de Craon
An illustration from a chansonnier
Bornc. 1132
Craon, Mayenne
Died1196
AllegiancePlantagenet
Battles/warsRevolt of 1173–74
Third Crusade
Spouse(s)Isabelle de Meulan

Biography

Knighthood

Maurice II, son of Hugues I de Craon and of Marquise, his second wife, succeeded his brother around 1150. Still a minor, he received his knighthood on acceptance of the fief.[1] Maurice II's earliest military action was his participation in the siege staged by Henry II of the city of Thouars, which was taken 10 October 1158.[2]

Crusade
Ecu losangé d'or et de gueules

A few years later, Maurice II left for the Crusade. This act, known from the reference in charter 231 of La Roë Abbey of the first court held by him at Poiltrée at Christmas time, after his return from Jerusalem, is furthermore attested by ten items of the Cartulaire de Craon.[3] Maurice II thus returned to France after the month of March 1170.

He took several risks whilst in the Orient and, in executing an oath made abroad, in Egypto, he established an annuity of two sous for the benefit of the Collégiale Saint-Nicolas de Craon to contribute towards the chapel lamp.[4]

Marriage

He married Isabelle de Meulan,[5] daughter of Galéran IV de Meulan, widow from her first marriage to Geoffroy III de Mayenne on his return from the Holy Land about 1170[6] This alliance brought him the double support of the lords of Meulan and those of Mayenne.

From his marriage, contracted around 1170 with Isabelle de Mayenne, Maurice II had four sons and three daughters :

Henry II of England

The time of Maurice II saw the rise of the house of Anjou. From 1152 the Lords of Anjou became vassals of Henry II of England, and, under his standard, obliged to combat France.

Main article: Revolt of 1173–74

In 1174, following the revolt of the sons of Henry II against their father, Maurice II counted amongst the lords that had remained faithful to the King. Charged with leading the Angevins, he seized Chantoceaux and Sablé, destroyed Sablé's two neighbouring fortresses; Saint-Loup and Saint-Brice,[14] and took over the government of Anjou and of Maine, as well as that of the recently constructed fortress at Ancenis.

The same year he figured amongst the witnesses of the Treaty of Falaise establishing peace between Henry II and his sons.[15]

In 1177, following the agreement made between Louis VII and Henri II, he was predesignated as one of the arbitrators who would rule in the event of difficulties.[16]

He was similarly nominated the 28 June 1180 for the peace signed at Gisors between Philippe-Auguste and Henri II.[17]

Third Crusade
Main article: Third crusade

Richard the Lionheart, successor to Henry II, took with him a great number of his vassals but others were not going to join him until later; Maurice II was amongst these, for, in 1191, he was still in Anjou. We find no acts emanating from him at the time of the departure for his first voyage to the Holy Land. For the second, however, many are known.[18] including a testament dated 1191.[19]

Testament

The testament portrays the state of the family of Maurice II in 1191. He identifies six children: three daughters, the eldest, and three sons. The eldest daughter Avoise de Craon, married Guy V de Laval; the second is not named, but Pierre de la Garnache, who held the rank there is evidently her husband. The third, Agnès, is named, her dowry of Craon and Chantocé is specified, but the name of her husband is not given; as for the sons all three figure in their order of primogeniture.

Death

Maurice II returned to France and founded the priory of Bonshommes de Ballots near to Craon. He died 12 July 1196,[20] resulting in the obituary of la Haye-aux-Bons-Hommes.[21] The location of his tomb is not known, but it is known that his heart was taken to Savigny Abbey.[22]

Anglo-Norman Poet

Maurice II was not only a great warrior and a man of faith; he was also a poet and amongst the songs of the trouvères of the Langue d'oïl, which have descended to us, there is one that one can legitimately be considered as being as his work[23] that which begins by the verse:

A l'entrant del doux termine.

Literature

Maurice II de Craon is the central character of the anonymous Middle High German verse romance Moriz von Craûn dated between 1187 and 1250. This, in turn, derives from a French fabliau: Du chevalier qui recovra l'amour de sa dame. The story tells of Maurice's attempts to woo "Isabel", depicted as the wife of his neighbour, Richard de Beaumont.[24][25]

Cartulaire de Craon
Cartulaire de Craon (1150–1196)
  1. 121. 1150–1158. Notice of agreements made between la Roë and the forestarii which relate the series of Lords of Craon; Renaud and his sons Maurice, Henri and Robert then Hugues, Guérin, and Maurice and the abbots Quintinus, Herveus, Robertns, Albinus, Giraldus, Menardus and Michel the seventh (La Roë, No.17).
  2. 122. 1150–1158. Agreement between Michel, abbot of La Roë, and Mathieu de Nouestrel, made before Maurice II (p.441 of the copy of Paul Marchegay du Cartulaire de La Roë).
  3. 123. 1150–1158. Notice of gift made to La Roë by Suhart de la Roë and his father Hugues. Maurice II witness (La Roë, No.233).
  4. 124. 1150–1158. Notice of a gift made to La Roë by André le Forestier, with the approval of Maurice II (La Roë, No.235)
  5. 125. 1150–1158. Notice of the agreement between La Roë and Saint-Nicolas de Craon on the subject of the terre de Roseto. Maurice II approved this (La Roë, No.42).
  6. 126. 1150–1158. Notice of the restitution made at La Roë by Maurice II and Guillaume de la Guerche, his uncle, of the right of measure of grain (La Roë, No.12).
  7. 127. 1156. Guillaume de la Guerche made a gift to the Priory Saint-Nicolas de la Guerche. Maurice II witness (Dom Morice, Preuves, I, 624).
  8. 128. 1158. Notice of the vain attempt by Maurice II on his return from the siege of Thouars to exact a contribution from La Roë for the taxes that were owed him (La Roë, No.185).
  9. 129. 1156–1162. Charter of Maurice II, recognising the harm rendered by his demands of La Roë (facsimile in Procès-verbaux et documents de la Commission historique de la Mayenne, vol. IV, p. 328).
  10. 130. 1150–1170. Notice of a gift that Maurice II, on the authority of Marquise, his mother, and of Guillaume de la Guerche, his uncle, made at La Roë of the fief of Robert Chochebelle (La Roë, No.128).
  11. 131. 1150–1170. Notice of a gift of the pasture of Fontenelle made at La Roë by Maurice II. Robert, Maurice II's brother, witness (La Roë, No.163).
  12. 132. 1150–1170. Notice of the exchange of the mill of Barillé for that of Ville-Courtoise. Maurice II witness (La Roë, No.184).
  13. 133. 1150–1170. Notice of an exchange between the Abbot Michel and Allemand, the year Maurice II was knighted (La Roë, charter 72).
  14. 134. 1162, Maurice II, at the request of Marquise, his mother, of Geoffroy de Pouancé, his nephew, and of Payen de Vaiges, husband of Marquise, made a gift to Saint-Melaine (Dom Lobineau, II, 218).
  15. 135. 1163. Pierre de Lohéac made a gift to the Abbey of Montfort. Maurice II witness (Dom Morice, Preuves, I, 648).
  16. 136. 1165, 23 June. Sentence of Etienne de Marsay against Hamelin d'Anthenaise relating to the rights of a wine press at Bouère. Maurice II was one of the judges (Notice sur la maison d'Anthenaise[26], 1878, p. 102, and Archives de la Sarthe, No.307 of Bilard).
  17. 137. 1169, v. s., 20 March, Jerusalem. Authenticity of relics given to Maurice II by Amaury, patriarch of Jerusalem, (Dom Rousseau, No.1876).
  18. 138. 1169. Authenticity of relics given to Maurice II by Philippe de Milly, grand master of the temple (Cartulaire des Bons-Hommes).
  19. 139. 1169. Authenticity of relics given to Maurice II by Rainauld,[27] abbot of Mount Sion (Dom Housseau, No.1866).
  20. 140. 1169. Authenticity of the relics given by Renaud, Bishop of Hebron (Dom Housseau, No.1869)
  21. 141. 1169. Authenticity of the relics given by the Bishop of Bethlehem (Dom Housseau, No.1870).
  22. 142. 1169. Authenticity of the relics given by the bishops of Sebastia. (Dom Housseau, No.1871).
  23. 143. 1169. Authenticity of the relics given by the abbot of Temple[28] (Dom Housseau No.1872).
  24. 144. 1169. Authenticity of the relics given by the abbess of Notre Dame la Grande of Jerusalem[29] (Dom Housseau, No.1873).
  25. 145. 1169. Authenticity of the relics given by Amaury, King of Jerusalem (Dom Housseau, No.1874).
  26. 146. 1169. Authenticity of the relics given by the Master of Saint-Lazare of Jerusalem (Dom Housseau, No.1875).
  27. 147. 1170, 25 December, Poiltré. Notice of a gift to La Roë by Renaud, son of Geoffroy de Uriaco, ratified at Christmas at the first court held by Maurice II on his return from Jerusalem (Charter 231 of La Roë).
  28. 148. 1172. Agreement between Robert IV de Sablé and the Chapter of Tours on the subject of rights on Précigné[30] (Dom Housseau, No.1886).
  29. 149. 1174, Falaise. Peace between Henry II of England and his sons - Maurice II witness (Rymer,[31] 1174, p. 12).
  30. 150. 1174. Charter of Henry II of England granting privilege to Notre-Dame de Saintes after the ransack of the town; Maurice II witness (Charter 83 of Cartulaire de N.-D. de Saintes, edited in 1871 by Abbot Grasilier).
  31. 151. About 1175. Charter of Henry II of England regulating the tariff of tolls at Ponts-de-Cés; Maurice II witness (Paul Marchegay, Archives d'Anjou, vol. II, p. 255).
  32. 152. About 1175, at Valognes. – Charter of Henry II of England confirming the agreement made between Robert de Torigni and Guillaume du Hommet; Maurice II witness (Chronique de Robert de Torigni, vol. II, p. 307).
  33. 153. 1165–1189. Agreement made in the court of senechal Etienne following a challenge between Saint-Aubin and Bernard Chales; Maurice II witness (Archives de la Sarthe, No.237 by Bilard).
  34. 154. 1170–1184. Charter of Geoffroy de la Guerche, son of Guillaume and of Damete, brother of Hugues, bearing a gift to La Roë; Maurice II witness (P. 489 of Marchegay's copy of the Cartulaire de la Roë).
  35. 155. 1177. – Convention between Louis le Jeune and Henry II of England - Maurice II is one of the referees chosen in advance by Henry II (Rymer, 1177, p. 16).
  36. 156. 1180, 28 June, Gisors. Peace between Philippe-Auguste and Henry II of England - Maurice II is one of the referees chosen in advance by Henry II (Rymer, 1180, p. 17).
  37. 157. 1180. Charter of Maurice II making a gift to La Roë firstly for Renaud, his son; secondly for Amaury de Meulan (Archives de la Mayenne, H. 175).
  38. 158. About 1180. Charter of Roger, son of the Count of Meulan, making a gift at Savigny for Amaury de Meulan; Maurice II, Isabelle, Juhel III witnesses (Vidimus de mars 1254, v. s., de Richard, Bishop of Avranches, Archives Nat. L 974, No.945)
  39. 159. 1181–1183, Le Mans[32] Charter of Henry II of England, making a gift to the hospital founded by him at Angers near to the Fontaine Saint-Laurent; Maurice II witness (Cartulaire de l'Hôtel-Dieu d'Angers, p. 106).
  40. 160. 1183. Convention between the abbess of Ronceray, Emma and the sénéchal of Anjou, Etienne, founder of the chaplaincy of Angers; Maurice II witness (Cartulaire de l'Hôtel-Dieu, p. 106).
  41. 161. Before November 1183. Charter of Isabelle who, in agreement with her sons, Juhel de Mayenne, Maurice and Pierre de Craon, made a gift to Savigny. The seal of Maurice II is affixed to the charter (Original scellé, Arch. Nat., L. 974, No.936).
  42. 162. About 1184. Charter of Robert de Meulan ratifying a donation of 10 pounds rent on Pont-Audemer, made to Savigny by Isabelle, his sister, in agreement with Juhel de Mayenne, Maurice and Pierre de Craon; Maurice II de Craon witness (Arch. Nat., L. 974, No.929).
  43. 163. About 1184. Charter de Henry II of England ratifying the gift of Isabelle de Meulan to Savigny; Maurice II witness (Original, Arch. Nat., L. 974, No.937).
  44. 164. 1180–1190. Charter of Maurice II, in agreement with Isabelle, his wife femme, and Maurice, his son, making a gift to Chaloché; Juhel de Mayenne and Robert de Sablé witnesses (F. Français, No.22450, folio 320).
  45. 165. 1184–1190. Charter of André II de Vitré, agreement with his wife Mathilde and his brothers, Alain and Robert, making a gift to Savigny and ratifying that of his father Robert; Maurice II de Craon witness (Original, Arch. Nat., L. 969, Dossier Fayelle).
  46. 166. 1184–1190. Charter of André II de Vitré, agreement with his wife Mathilde and his brothers, Alain and Robert, making a gift to Savigny; Maurice II de Craon witness (Original, Arch. Nat., L. 978, No.1362).
  47. 167. 1188.[33] Charter of Foulques Riboul founding Champagne Abbey Amaury (read Maurice) de Craon witness (Dom Piolin, IV, 556 and Gallia, vol. XIV, p. 136 of the Instrumenta).
  48. 168. About 1188. Charter of Maurice II, granting a gift to Champagne Abbey (Cartulaire de l'abbaye de Champagne).
  49. 169. 1189, Chantocé. Charter of Maurice II, in conjunction with Isabelle and sons Maurice and Pierre, making a gift to Boissière Abbey of twenty sous rent for communion wine and of two setiers of wheat to make communion bread (Dom Housseau, No.2028)
  50. 170. 1190, November, Messina. – Peace between Richard the Lionheart and Tancred, King of Sicily; Robert de Sablé and Gui de Craon guarantors of the peace (Rymer, 1190, p. 21).
  51. 171. 1190. Maurice II adjudicates a dispute between Gautier, Abbot of La Roë, and the Canons of Saint-Nicolas de Craon (Archives de la Mayenne, fonds de la Roë, vol. 164, No.1).
  52. 172. 1190. Charter of Isabelle de Mayenne making a gift to Vignats Abbey (Léchaudé d'Anisy, Chartes de Normandie, No.23 of the charters of Vignats).
  53. 173. About 1190. Charter of Robert de Sablé founding Perray Abbey; Maurice II witness (Gallia Christiana, vol. XIV, p. 158 of the Instrumenta).
  54. 174. 1190, Mayenne. Charter of Juhel III de Mayenne, the year of his departure for Jerusalem,[34] ratifying all the possessions of Savigny in his fief; Maurice II de Craon and Isabelle, mother of Juhel, witnesses (Original, L. 972, dossier Mayenne).
  55. 175. About 1190. Charter of Savary d'Anthenaise[35] making a gift to Savigny approved by his wife Cécile; Maurice II, Robert de Sablé and Geoffroy de Sablé witnesses. (Cartulaire de Savigny,[36] n° XCIII of the charters of the bishopric of Mans).
  56. 176. About 1191. Testament of Maurice II (Chroniques Craonnnaises, p. 596, and Beautemps-Beaupré, Institutions et coutumes de l'Anjou et du Maine, vol. III, p. CIII).
  57. 177. 1191, 23 June, Angers. Charter of Maurice II making a gift to La Roë (Archives de la Mayenne, H. 194, f. 6).
  58. 178. 1191, Tours. Notice[37] of gifts made to Saint-Nicolas de Craon by Renaud and by Maurice Il (Dom Housseau, No.2065).
  59. 179. 1191.[38] Maurice II, with the approval of his wife Isabelle and of their son Maurice, gave to Angers hospital a rent of thirty sous to take from the toll of the Loire at Chantocé, and gave free passage to the barge getting salt from Nantes (Cartulaire de l'Hôtel-Dieu d'Angers, p. 127).
  60. 180. 1195–1196, Nantes. Charter of Constance de Bretagne, Duchess of Brittany, making a gift to the hospital of Saint-Jean d'Angers; Maurice II witness (Cartulaire de l'Hôtel-Dieu d'Angers, p. 112).
  61. 181. 1196, before the 10 August. Charter of Maurice II in favour of the Bons-Hommes (Cartulaire des Bons-Hommes, folio 176).

See also

Notes and references
  1. Charter 72 of La Roë Abbey is thus dated primo an no quo Mauricius credonensis dominas, factus est miles. The age of majority varied according to a person's status. In almost all of the west of France, male commoners attained majority at fifteen years, male nobles at twenty-one years, female commoners 'probably' came of age at twelve years and female nobles at fifteen years (See Viollet, Etablissements de Saint-Louis, vol. I, p. 158, and d'Arbois de Jubainville, Recherches sur la minorité et ses effets dans le droit féodal français, in the Bibliothèque de l'Ecole des Chartes, vol. XII, p. 415–440 vol. XIII, p. 136–168, 533–551). The age at which one could become a knight concurred generally with the age of majority, but for orphaned possessors of fiefs the timing was often advanced. An example of a high noble being knighted long before his majority would be Geoffrey Plantagenet, aged only fourteen years when, in 1127, the day after his engagement, he was knighted. (See Célestin Port, vol. II, p. 254).
  2. This act is attested by the charter 185 de La Roë, which recounts his vain attempt to make La Roë contribute to the share of debts owed by these men.
  3. These support each other and all originate in 1169. Furthermore, their copies have attached descriptions of the seals which accompanied them and which are not all known. These are the originals of relics brought back by Maurice II and deposited by him at the collégiale Saint-Nicolas de Craon and the priory of La Haye-aux-Bons-Hommes de Ballots. Only one is dated, that of 20 March 1169, v. s., given by the list of patriarchs of Jerusalem. The others came from Philippe de Milly, grand master of the Temple, from Rainauld, abbot of Mont-Sion, from Renaud, bishop of Hébron, from Raoul, bishop of Bethlehem, from the bishop of Sébaste, from Raimond, abbot of Temple, from Stéphanie, abbess of Notre-Dame la Grande, at Jerusalem, from Amaury I of Jerusalem, and finally from Girard de Montclar, master of Saint-Lazare (See No.137–146 of the Cartulaire de Craon). The date of the first accords perfectly with all the others.
  4. According to M. de Bodard, p. 194, the establishment of this annuity followed his second voyage to the Orient. – He had not understood that the act published by himself, page 642, was executed before this expedition (See Cartulaire de Craon, No.178).
  5. better known to the end of her days as Isabelle de Mayenne
  6. M. de Bodard states that Maurice II, following his first voyage to the Holy Land left his four minor children under the tutelage of Isabelle de Meulan but this is a fact absolutely contradicted by all the documents.
  7. His existence is evidenced by one sole document where it is said that, in 1180, in the time of Lambert, abbot of La Roë, Maurice II made a donation to the Abbey for the repose of the soul of Renaud, his son, and that of Amaury de Meulan, brother of his wife Isabelle. Cartulaire de Craon, No.157.
  8. He succeeded his father in 1196 and was 'Seigneur de Craon' until 1207.
  9. It is known, from the testament of Maurice II, that Pierre was destined for an ecclesiastical life and Maurice, whilst reserving if needed be his rights of succession, established for him an annuity of a thousand gold sols taken from the duties on goods on the river Loire at Chantocé, an annuity which would have been suppressed had he not been ordained. He entered holy orders and it is perhaps because of this that he did not become lord of Crean in 1207 on the death of his elder brother, Maurice III. However, even if his ecclesiastical position prevented him from becoming lord of Crean it appears that it still permitted him to be owner of fiefs in England. In effect, after having met Pierre as witness to four French acts in 1205 and 1207, one only finds him in England where, from 31 May 1213, he is the object of numerous manifestations of Royal favour. Finally, in May 1215, he was given possession of the fiefs that Maurice II held in England by the generosity of Henry II. The final command made to his benefit by Jean Sans Terre is that of 9 June 1216. He died in 1216, for the donation of twenty sous under the annuity for the repose of his soul, made by Clemence de la Garnache, is dated 1216.
  10. Cartulaire de Craon, No.196, 197, 201, 202 et 211–213, 218–230.
  11. Amaury first succeeded his brother Maurice III and became lord of Craon from 1207 until 12 May 1226.
  12. The birth of Clémence, who was already married by 1185, followed very soon after that of her sister Avoise. Unlike her brothers and sisters, her name is not mentioned in her father's testament; also her existence has been denied by historians, who have not noted that, in case of the decease of his male inheritors, Maurice II, instructing the sharing of his fiefs, attributed Craon and Châtelais to Avoise, Chantocé to Pierre de la Garnache and the fiefs in England to Agnès. See also: Notice sur les châteaux de la Garnache et de Beauvoir-sur-Mer, by Charles Mourain de Sourdeval, Nantes, 1854, in 8th, and in the Revue de l'Ouest, in the second part of volume 1 (1885) page 18, the Documents pour servir à l'histoire des anciens Seigneurs de la Garnache, by M. de l'Estourbeillon.
  13. Like her two sisters, Agnès was married in 1191, following the creation of her father's testament. She received as dowry two sitting annuities one in Craon, the other in Chantocé, and was to abandon both had her brothers died and she had become proprietor of the fiefs situated in England. She was betrothed to Thibaut II de Mathefelon, also proven by his gift to the abbaye de Fontaine-Daniel for the repose of her soul, which is not dated but received in 1204 the approval of the Bishop of Angers (See folios 75 and 71 of Cartulaire de Fontaine-Daniel.). Amaury I waited until 1216 to ratify it. By Agnès Thibaut had no sons, thus proven by charter 241 of the Cartulaire de Craon through which, in 1218, Thibaut approved a gift made at Chaloché by his daughter Ysabelle on her death bed, a gift which was ratified by his other daughter Emma.
  14. Marchegay, Paul; Mabille, Émile (1869). Chronique de Saint-Aubin. p. 43. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
  15. Cartulaire de Craon, No.149.
  16. Cartulaire de Craon, No.155.
  17. Cartulaire de Craon, No.156
  18. Cartulaire de Craon, No.176–179.
  19. The date can be determined by juxtaposition with two acts of Maurice II, dated 1191 and given likewise at the time of departure for the third crusade the convention with la Roë of 22 May and the ratification of all the gifts given to la collégiale de Saint-Nicolas de Craon, granted at Tours during his passage there, having already left Anjou, in the presence of his wife and eldest son still a child (adhuc juvene) who had accompanied him as far as there. On reading the text, adhuc Juvene, we find new proof of the youth of Maurice III en 1191 and shows that the lord who stayed at Tours to leave for the crusade was Maurice II. These two latter items also help to date a gift to l'Hôtel-Dieu Saint-Jean d'Angers, appearing in 1215.
  20. IV id Julii, abiit dominus Mauricius de Credone, filius Hugonis, fundator dormis noslrso Bonorum hominium de foresta Credonis (F. F. 22450, fol. 233).
  21. Another proof is found in the act made in 1197 between Guy VI de Laval and André II de Vitré, to establish a lasting peace between them. André, in enumerating those of his friends who had the right to benefit from this peace named the Craon family but instead of Maurice II he designated "the children of Maurice de Craon" thus Maurice II was no longer living at the time of the act. The original text of this treaty is no longer to be found and is only known via l'Histoire de Vitré of Pierre Le Baud, p. 36; an analysis is to be found in the Bibliothèque de l'Ecole des Chartes, vol. XXX, p. 389
  22. Cartulaire de Craon, No.185.
  23. Gaston Raynaud, who made a special study of the songs of the 13th century, wanted to take the trouble to verify the attributions made to the Lords of Craon. Separating three amongst these, he kept back two, that of Maurice II and that which begins "Fière amour claime en moi par éritaige" which he attributes to Amaury II de Craon. The full text is found on page 197 of Chroniques Craonnaises, as such included in the publication by Trébutien, Guillaume-Stanislas, ed. (1843). Chansons de Maurice et de Pierre de Craon, poètes Anglo-Normands du XIIe siècle. Caen. ISBN 9781168001832., originally published in 120 copies, reprinted in 2010.
  24. Classen, Albrecht (2011). Sexual Violence and Rape in the Middle Ages:Critical Discourse in Premodern German and European Literature. pp. 63–65. ISBN 9783110263374. ISSN 1864-3396. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
  25. Classen, Albrecht (17 December 2004). "Moriz von Craûn". The Literary Encyclopedia.(subscription required)
  26. This act was only quoted in part by M. Bonneserre de Saint-Denis who one must also reproach for having dated at around 1185 an act made in the presence of the bishop Geoffroy (1162–1178) and having proposed that the seal attached was that of Hamelin d'Anthenaise when the act states formally that the court made its decision in his absence. The sentence was delivered in 1165. M. Beautemps-Beaupré, on p. 262 ov volume I of the second of these Coutumes et institutions de l'Anjou et du Maine, has determined the date.
  27. Rainauld was already abbot of Mont-Sion when in about 1160 he supported the renunciation of the grand master Gilbert d'Assaly. He was still there in 1178. It is from him that emanated authenticity given to Maurice II (See Familles d'Outre-Mer, p. 827 and Chartes de l'abbaye du Mont-Sion, to vol. XLVIII of the Mémoires des Antiquaires de France and an offprint, which gives a list of the abbots).
  28. Raimond, abbot of the Temple of Our Lord in Jerusalem, is known from an act of 1169 published in Cart. Sancti Sepulcri, p. 220 (Famille d'Outre-Mer, p. 834).
  29. Stéphanie, abbess of Notre-Dame-la-Grande of Jerusalem, was only formerly known by an act of 1174 (Familles d'Outre-Mer, p. 831)
  30. Dom Martène, Amplissima collectio, vol. I, p. 161
  31. Foedera, conventiones, litlerse. inter reges Angliie et alios quovis imperatores, reges, ab anno 1101 ad nostra usqnetempora, editio terlia Hagce-Comitum, 1739–1745. 20 parts in 10 volumes. in-fol. In this publication one finds an enormous quantity of documents classified in strict chronological order. Sadly the French names are the most frequently unrecognisable. Furthermore the alphabetical table that terminates the work does not contain all the names cited nor even all the names of the authors or recipients of the documents. One has to go through all the acts of the period to be certain that nothing is overlooked. Each volume is divided into two or three parts, which complicates citation, so, to simplify, the year and page are given here.
  32. It is this act that Gilles Ménage, on page 144 of his Histoire de Sablé, dated at 1153.
  33. This charter does not bear a date, but it belongs to the very short episcopal period of Renault, Bishop of Mans, who, elected 1 September 1187, died 2 August 1190. It is impossible to include the name of Amaury, as the son of Maurice II of the same name was still in early childhood.
  34. In the analysis of this item given in the Commission de la Mayenne, vol. II, p. 135, a singular error dates the document as being the year of departure of Philippe de Landivy for Jerusalem when it is unquestionably that of the departure of the author of the piece, namely Juhel III.
  35. This charter, which escaped the researches of M. Bonneserre de Saint-Denis, does not figure in the Cartulaire given by him as evidence for his Notice sur la Maison d'Anthenaise. It is important because of the mention that it contains Robert de Sablé which, in dating it before 1190, forces recognition that Savary III was made Seigneur d'Anthenaise twenty years earlier than was believed (See la Notice, p. 24)
  36. The Cartulaire de Savigny is conserved in the archives départementales de la Manche. It is divided into certain number of chapters each relating to a bishopric. The Archives of Mayenne possess a copy of the chapter which contains the diocese of Mans.
  37. This notice was previously published, with several gaps, on page 642 of the Chroniques Craonnaises (De Bodard De La Jacopiere (1871). Charpentier, Etienne; de Benoist, Alain (eds.). Chroniques Craonnaises [Craon Chronicles] (in French). ISBN 9781162476889.).
  38. Célestin Port, in placing this charter in his Cartulaire de l'Hôtel-Dieu d'Angers, dated it c. 1215. It has to be redated at 1191, like the other acts of Maurice II passed at the time of his second voyage to the Holy Land. The act is definitely that of Maurice II. as expressely stated by Amaury I in his approval given 1216. Innocent II, in his bull of 14 April 1208, included the revenues that the hospital possessed at Chantocé in the enumeration of those to which he gave approval (See No.XLIV of Cartulaire de l'Hôtel- Dieu d'Angers). M. de Bodard, having read at the head of the act Mauricius de Creone, Hugonis filius, concluded that Maurice left with his son Hugon.

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