María Luisa Elío

María Luisa Elío Bernal (17 August 1926 – 17 July 2009) was a Spanish writer and actress exiled in Mexico. She was an inspiration for Gabriel García Márquez.[1] She wrote and acted in an autobiographical film, El balcón vacío (The Empty Balcony), which was one of the first films to depict the life of Spanish exiles during the Spanish Civil War.

In this Spanish name, the first or paternal surname is Elío and the second or maternal family name is Bernal.
María Luisa Elío
Born
María Luisa Elío Bernal

(1926-08-17)17 August 1926
Pamplona, Spain
Died17 July 2009(2009-07-17) (aged 82)
Mexico City, Mexico
Occupation(s)writer, filmmaker

Biography

Born in Pamplona on 17 August 1926, María Luisa was the third and last daughter of Luis Elío Torres and Carmen Bernal López de Lago, who had married in 1920.[2]

Her father, a lawyer and judge, suffered for his left-wing tendencies during the Spanish Civil War and was imprisoned, but managed to escape.[2] In late 1939 he was smuggled to the border, and after a brief time in the Gurs concentration camp, he made his way to Paris and was reunited with his family.

On February 16, 1940, they departed for Mexico.[3] María Luisa, an intelligent, glamorous woman, studied drama, became involved in cultural and literary circles and married Jomí García Ascot, also the child of exiles,[2] in 1952.[4]

After arriving in Mexico, Elío began studying drama with Seki Sano,[5] a Japanese exile living in Mexico.[6] She was a member of the group Poetry Out Loud and published poetry works in newspapers and magazines. She also wrote short stories, screenplays and performed on Mexican television.[7]

In 1960, her husband was invited to go to Cuba and participate in a film, Cuba 58 being filmed there.[8] Originally five segments were planned for the film, but the final composition contains only three, two of which were created by García Ascot.[9] García planned a new project, a musical comedy in the style of West Side Story, but had to abandon the project as the political situation in Cuba deteriorated.[8] The couple returned to Mexico and began working in a collaboration with Emilio García Riera to produce one of the first films about Spanish exiles. The film, El balcón vacío (The Empty Balcony) is Elío's autobiographical story and she wrote the script of the film.[9] She also acted in the film.[10] Shooting only on weekends because the trio all had regular jobs, the film took a year to produce and was not a commercial success, though it did win awards.[8]

Elío and her husband were personal friends of the writer Gabriel García Márquez and his masterwork, One Hundred Years of Solitude was dedicated to them with the inscription, “Para (to) Jomí García Ascot y María Luisa Elío”. In the eighteen months that he took to write the book, they went to his house every night and critiqued the versions of the story as it developed.[11]

In 1968, Elío and García Ascot divorced. In 1970, she took their son Diego (born 1963) with her and made her first return trip to Spain. She wrote a book, Tiempo de llorar (Time to Weep) in 1988 about the bittersweet return[2] and the breakdown she had as a result.[4] A second book, Cuaderno de apuntes en carne viva (Notebook in Living Flesh) published in 1995, attempted to explore the journey of putting her broken pieces back together.[12] Those who came as children from Spain as exiles to Mexico, called themselves The Nepantla Generation, a Nahuatl word which describes the state of belonging to two places at the same time. Neither of one, nor the other. Elío described herself as being caught between past and present which hampered her ability to see the future.[13]

Elío died in Coyoacán, Mexico City, on 17 July 2009.[12]

Awards

In 2007, the Spanish Government decorated María Luisa Elio Bernal with the Officer's Cross of the Order of Isabella the Catholic for her services to Spain.[4][14]

Selected works
  • Tiempo de llorar, México, El Equilibrista, 1988.
  • Cuaderno de apuntes en carne viva, México, El Equilibrista, 1995.
  • Tiempo de llorar y otros relatos, Madrid, Turner, 2002.

Filmography
  • No matarás (1943)
  • Girls Boarding School (1943)
  • La guerra de los pasteles (1944)
  • El jagüey de las ruinas (1945)
  • En el balcón vacío (1961)
  • Remedios Varo (1967) Narrator (voice)[10]

References
  1. "Murió la escritora y guionista María Luisa Elío, inspiradora de García Márquez". ABC Guionistas. 6 August 2009. Retrieved 14 April 2015.
  2. "María Luisa Elío y la vida propia como fabulación" (in Spanish). Diario de Navarra. 10 August 2009. Retrieved 15 April 2015.
  3. "Publican la biografía de la escritora navarra del exilio María Luisa Elío Bernal" (in Spanish). Donostia, Basque Country: Gara Naiz. 13 December 2009. Retrieved 16 April 2015.
  4. Sicot, Bernard (2011). "Comptes rendus: Eduardo Mateo Gambarte, María Luisa Elío Bernal. La vida como nostalgia y exilio". Bulletin Hispanique (in French). Bordeaux, France: Presses universitaires de Bordeaux. 113 (2): 807–816. doi:10.4000/bulletinhispanique.1478. Retrieved 16 April 2015.
  5. "Elio, Maria Luisa" (in Spanish). Instituto Nacional de Bellas Artes y Literatura. October 16, 2012. Retrieved 15 April 2015.
  6. "Seki Sano". Enciclopedia de la Literatura en México (in Spanish). Enciclopedia de la Literatura en México. Retrieved 15 April 2015.
  7. "Catálogo de escritores: Elío, María Luisa". Literatura Bellas Artes. Coordinación Nacional de Literatura Registra y Difunde la Literatura en Mexico. 16 October 2012. Retrieved 25 May 2015.
  8. Garmendia, Arturo (18 June 2011). "Jomí García Ascot, memoria y exilio". Cine Forever (in Spanish). Cine Forever. Retrieved 15 April 2015.
  9. Arias Solís, Francisco (29 January 2010). "Jomi García Ascot Por Francisco Arias Solís" (in Spanish). ArticuloZ. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 15 April 2015.
  10. "María Luisa Elio". IMDb. IMDb. Retrieved 15 April 2015.
  11. Jaime, Victor Nunez (April 21, 2014). "María Luisa Elío, la destinataria de Cien años de soledad". El País (in Spanish). Madrid, Spain: El País. Retrieved 15 April 2015.
  12. Arias Solís, Francisco (6 May 2010). "La voz de una niña de la guerra" (in Spanish). San Sebastián, Spain: Globedia. Retrieved 16 April 2015.
  13. Tuñón, Julia (2012). "The Nepantla Generation As Portrayed in the Empty Balcony by Jomí García Ascot". In Rocha, Carolina; Seminet, Georgia (eds.). Representing history, class, and gender in Spain and Latin America children and adolescents in film (1st ed.). Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 40–44. ISBN 978-1137030870.
  14. "DOF: 13/07/2007" (in Spanish). Diaro Oficial de la Federación. Retrieved 17 April 2015.

Literature
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