María Libertad Gómez Garriga
María Libertad Gómez Garriga [note 1] (July 18, 1889 – July 7, 1961) was a Puerto Rican educator, community leader, and politician. She is one of the twelve women honored with a plaque in "La Plaza en Honor a la Mujer Puertorriqueña" (Plaza in Honor of Puerto Rican Women), in San Juan.
María Libertad Gómez Garriga | |
|---|---|
| 15th Speaker of the Puerto Rico House of Representatives | |
| In office 1945–1945 | |
| Speaker pro tempore of the House of Representatives of Puerto Rico | |
| In office 1953–1956 | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | July 18, 1889 Utuado, Puerto Rico |
| Died | July 7, 1961 San Juan, Puerto Rico |
| Political party | Liberal Party |
| Occupation | Educator, civic leader and politician |
| Known for | She was the only woman in the Constitutional Convention of Puerto Rico, formed in 1951, and the only woman to sign the 1952 Constitution of Puerto Rico. |
Early life
María Libertad Gómez Garriga was born in Arenas barrio of mountainous Utuado, the daughter of Francisco Esteban Gómez and Maria Jesusa Garriga. Francisco Esteban Gómez's grandfather Germán and great-grandmother Gregoria were born in slavery. She completed teacher training at the University of Puerto Rico in 1909.[1][2]
Career
Gómez Garriga taught elementary school for several years; she was also trained as an accountant and active in rural labor organizations.[3] She was director of a tobacco cooperative; in 1929, she and other activists founded a bank for women. In 1932, she was elected to a leadership position on the Puerto Rican Liberal Party, but soon her wing of the party split off to become the Popular Democratic Party (PPD). After several years working in politics, she was elected to the Puerto Rican House of Representatives in 1940, representing the district of Utuado. She worked particularly on education issues and civil rights, and was pro-independence. For one month in 1945, during a time of transition, she was President of the House, the first woman to hold that position.[4] She was re-elected to her seat three times, and won her last election to the House of Representatives in 1952. She was the only woman in the Constitutional Convention of Puerto Rico, formed in 1951, and the only woman to sign the 1952 Constitution.[5]
She ran unsuccessfully for the Senate of Puerto Rico in 1956 and resigned her positions in the Popular Democratic party after that.[6]
Personal life and legacy
Gómez died in 1961, aged 72 years. She is one of the twelve women honored with a plaque in the "Plaza en Honor a la Mujer Puertorriqueña" (Plaza in Honor of Puerto Rican Women) in San Juan.[7] There is a public upper elementary school named for María Libertad Gómez Garriga in Utuado.[8] There is also a middle school named for Gómez, in Toa Baja, Puerto Rico.[9]
Notes
References
- Yolanda Martínez Viruet, María Libertad Gómez Garriga y el proceso de la Asamblea Constituyente del Estado Libre Asociado de Puerto Rico (PhD diss., Universidad del Pais Vasco 2016).
- Glorimar Rodríguez González, "María Libertad Gómez Garriga: una transgresora en la política puertorriqueña" Mujeres con Visión (December 1, 2016).
- Gabriel Villaronga, Toward a Discourse of Consent: Mass Mobilization and Colonial Politics in Puerto Rico, 1932-1948 (Greenwood Publishing Group 2004): 65. ISBN 9780313324239
- Female Presidents of Parliaments and Parliamentary Bodies, 1920-1990, Guide2WomenLeaders.com.
- Serafín Méndez-Méndez, Ronald Fernandez, eds., Puerto Rico Past and Present: An Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition (ABC-CLIO 2015): 158. ISBN 9781440828324
- Aixa Merino Falú, María Libertad Gómez Garriga : una mujer con voluntad de acero (Oficina de la Procuradora de las Mujeres, 2004). ISBN 9781881730163
- "Asamblea Legislativa homenajea a 12 mujeres ilustres" El Nuevo Dia (March 6, 2014).
- Escuela María Libertad Gómez, Puerto Rico Department of Education.
- Maria Libertad Gomez Middle School, Toa Baja PR.
External links
- José Luis Colón Gonzalez, ed., María Libertad Gómez: Mujer de Convicción, Líder de Cambios (Librería la Tertulia 2014).