Manner (company)

Manner Culture Enterprises Limited (simplified Chinese: 微辣文化集团有限公司; traditional Chinese: 微辣文化集團有限公司) is a Macau entertainment company. The company produces comedic videos in Cantonese that can be between a few seconds to a few minutes. It has a dozen performing artists under management.

Manner Culture Enterprises Limited
Native name
微辣文化集團有限公司
TypePrivate company
IndustryFilm production
FoundedJune 2013 (2013-06)
Headquarters
Macau
ProductsInternet video
Snacks
Websitehttps://weilamanner.com/
微辣 Manner
YouTube information
Channel
Years active2013–present
Subscribers669,000[1]
Total views681 million[1]
Last updated: 8 October 2023
Manner
Traditional Chinese微辣
Simplified Chinese微辣

Manner was founded in June 2013 by Sixtycents, Jacky Lei, and Nathan Lam in Macau. It became popular after it published a nine-second viral video set in a Macau McDonald's titled "When buying ice cream, don't be distracted", in which a woman who is distracted by her cell phone grabs the ice cream part of an ice cream cone from the cashier. The company expanded to Hong Kong in 2018 through a seven-figure investment from an undisclosed investor. Its revenue is primarily from advertising. It has made sponsored videos for Alipay, the Hong Kong Police Force, and Royal Dansk. Roughly 80% of its advertising revenue is from Hong Kong companies or organisations. Manner created a physical store called Laji in Sé, Macau, that sells Manner-branded snacks and souvenirs. Its revenue was over HKD$10 million (US$1,287,001.29) in 2017.

Manner posts videos on social networking services and online video platforms including Facebook, Instagram, YouTube, Sina Weibo, Meipai, Miaopai, Sohu, and iQIYI. It had accumulated three billion video views and over 3.5 million followers on these sites by 2018. The Macau Post Daily called Manner "one of the biggest YouTube channels in South East Asia".[2] Former employee Jane Lao committed suicide on July 26, 2023. Her suicide note said Manner's management had intimidated her, while netizens and Manner employees had cyberbullied her. After criticism from netizens and brands cut ties with the company, Manner announced on August 10, 2023, that it would temporarily suspend its operations.

History

Foundation

Manner was founded in June 2013 as a joint venture by three Macau people, Sixtycents, Jacky Lei, and Nathan Lam.[lower-alpha 1][4] Sixtycents is responsible for coming with ideas and the creative direction while Lei is responsible for directing, film editing, and working with clients.[3] They rented space in an industrial building as their office.[4] Initially, Manner took up a small office but by 2017, they occupied half of an entire building.[5] The founders chose the name "Manner" by using Google Translate to translate the Chinese word for "attitude" into English.[6][7] They were given the name "Manner" and liked the sound of it so chose it as the group's name.[7] On second thought, they found the English name to be too serious so they chose a less serious Chinese name.[6] The company's English name "Manner" mimics the sound of its Chinese name, 微辣, which has the literal meaning of "slightly spicy". The name represents the company's goal to stimulate thinking.[3] The group's slogan is "生活的調味", which means "taste happiness".[8] They specialise in making comedic videos that range from a few seconds to a few minutes.[9]

During Sixtycents' university years, he began producing short films.[3] Through part-time work with his partner in filming and performing magic, they saved up HK$20,000 (US$2,574), which they used to self-fund their first film.[3][10] The cast and production crew were all friends who participated for fun and were not paid. Initially, the group made music videos as well as covers of songs that they changed the lyrics of.[3] When Manner was just established, they created the music video "Back then" (simplified Chinese: 想当年; traditional Chinese: 想當年) which changed the lyrics of the Joey Yung song "16th Lover" (simplified Chinese: 16号爱人; traditional Chinese: 16號愛人).[4][11] According to Exmoo News, the song, which discussed childhood toys such as the spinning top and the Game Boy and memories of a first love, had "affecting lyrics and thoughtful pictures and earned big praise from netizens".[4][6] The video received 10,000 likes.[3] Despite the song's receiving attention online and in Hong Kong media, Manner did not receive any advertising requests.[12] They self-funded the video, which cost several thousand dollars to make.[4] They soon realised that the cost to make it was too high in both money and time. It took two to three months to produce a film. Members of the group started to leave as they graduated and had to make a living and provide monetary support for their family.[3] Sixtycents visited Taiwan in 2015 for a summer vacation during which he learned from Internet celebrities and new media companies and resolved to change Manner's business model upon returning to Macau.[6] He discovered that it was challenging to transform a passion into a career. Sixtycents revised their filming approach by focusing on making shorter clips like a nine-second clip that would make people laugh within a limited period of time.[3]

Manner created a skit titled "When buying ice cream, don't be distracted" in which a female customer at a McDonald's in Macau is looking at her cell phone when she grabs the ice cream part of an ice cream cone.[13] The fast food employee is startled. The skit quickly became viral, leading to its being shared 190,000 times on Weibo and its Facebook page receiving 50,000 new members in a night.[3] By 2018, the video had received 2.83 million YouTube videos.[10] The Macau Post Daily said that the video's popularity was "the beginning of one of the biggest YouTube channels in South East Asia".[2] Its success led to Manner's creating more nine-second comedy videos.[14] The song marked the start of Manner's popularity in Macau, Hong Kong, and Taiwan as well as the start of brands' seeking to advertise on Manner.[12] Sixtycents observed that Macau is a city focused on gambling whose inhabitants largely look to other places such as Hong Kong, Taiwan, Japan, and China for entertainment.[13] He hoped for Manner to be a venue for Macau performers to make a living while performing.[13] In May 2018, Manner employees visited Kuala Lumpur in Malaysia to do a meetup with 2,000 fans.[7] In May 2019, Manner employees visited Malaysia again to promote a film.[15]

Expansion to Hong Kong

Manner invested in a Macau production company.[16] The company expanded to Hong Kong in August 2018 to allow them to recruiter local entertainment talent and to better tap into the mainland China market through Hong Kong.[3][17] They rented a Kwun Tong office that could hold 20 people from a friend of Sixtycents' and set up Sheung Wan dormitory for their employees who lived in Macau.[10] Manner received a seven-figure investment from an undisclosed investor for the Hong Kong expansion.[17][18] The investor had connections with people in the Hong Kong entertainment industry who Sixtycents believed would help Manner grow more quickly.[18]

In 2018, Manner's equity was held by Sixtycents, Jacky Lei, and two executive directors.[16] Sixtycents said, "We won't go public for the sake of going public. There's no rush."[16] He emphasised that the most crucial thing was to have the company's business be stable and that going public did not matter.[16]

Suspension of operations

Jane Lao had been a Manner manager until her resignation on bad terms in 2021.[19] When Lao left the company, she said founder Sixtycents had "cried" as he tried to retain her.[19] Several Manner employees posted images of themselves with the crying filter, which came across as mocking Lao.[19] The company had another conflict with her regarding sponsorships at the start of 2022.[19] Lao committed suicide on July 26, 2023.[20][21] The day before her death, she made a social media post detailing that after leaving Manner, she had social anxiety and depression which stemmed from online "haters" who had made cruel statements about her.[22] Her suicide note suggested that Manner's management had intimidated her, while several of her Manner coworkers had cyberbullied her.[23] In a post released the day of her death, Manner said her death did not stem from the behaviour of any Manner employees and announced a pause of its decennial gala.[22] Celine Cheung, RSVP Communications' account director, criticised Manner's response to the suicide, saying it alienated the community by being phony and from a position of trying to protect themselves.[23]

Within a week of Lao's death, the company's partnership deals with the Hong Kong brands 24/7 Fitness Hong Kong, THANN and 24 STORAGE were severed, while Manner artists Jeffrey Fok and Witness Kou resigned.[23] Prior to Lao's death, the company's YouTube subscriber count reached 751,000.[24] By 31 July the subscriber count dropped to 695,000.[23] Manner announced on August 10, 2023, that the company would temporarily pause posting new content.[25] Manner's CEO Sixtycents told artists that during the company's suspension, they were free to choose who to work with and determine how to further develop their careers.[25] The company filed a notice to its landlord to terminate its office lease. By the end of September, photos were posted online showing Manner's office empty and its setup dismantled.[26] Manner had closed its restaurant Manner Dai Pai Dong (Chinese: 微辣大排檔) and stopped having merchandise to sell on its online store named Manner Store (Chinese: 微辣士多) by October 2023.[27]

Members

Manner recruited heavily in summer 2017.[28] In 2018, Manner had between 40 and 50 full-time employees with the remainder of the team being students whom they hired as part-time performers.[29] Most employees in 2018 were in their twenties and born in 1994 or 1995 with few being born in the 1980s or earlier.[30][31] Behind-the-scenes employees including screenwriters made a salary of $10,000 with the opportunity for bonuses based on the number of films and advertisements made.[30] Sixtycents uses the OKR framework to hold employees accountable.[29]

Manner in 2018 had 12 performing artists under management, including Carl Ao Ieong, Yelo, and Tina.[17] Manner's performers each play a role that resembles the everyday friend, coworker, classmate, or family member.[8] Their conversations represent the "inner voice buried in the hearts of ordinary people", the "kind of inner dialogue that cannot be spoken", said HK01.[8]

  • Sixtycents (simplified Chinese: 陆志豪; traditional Chinese: 陸志豪; born in 1993 or 1994 in Macau),[3] known as 六毫子, is a co-founder of Manner. When he was an elementary school student, he was very quiet and had little interaction with other students.[32] When he was 13 or 14 years old, he started to learn magic. He enjoyed performing it in front of an audience.[3] He won first place in the Macau International Magician Association's Macau International Close-Up Magic competition when he was 14.[33] Through his new hobby of magic, he became more social.[32] As a student, he was not interested in school. He switched schools a total of seven times, including five times in secondary school. He was expelled from a school because he spoke too much and misbehaved. He attended one university and switched to a second one.[3] He studied communication first and then tourism, each for one year, and eventually dropped out.[32] When Sixtycents was 19 years old, a friend of his died in a traffic accident.[12] The incident had a lasting impact on him, causing him to reflect on the fleetingness of life. Viewing human life as being like a falling star, Sixtycents wanted to live a bright and splendid life that even if short would not be filled with regret.[12] He started Manner when he was 20 years old in 2013. Initially, Sixtycents was primarily responsible for the creative side of Manner. As Manner grew, he spent more of his energies on the business management side.[12]
  • Jacky Lei (simplified Chinese: 李伟麟; traditional Chinese: 李偉麟; born in 1992 or 1993) is a co-founder of Manner.[3] He graduated with a university degree related to science and engineering. When he was in his second year of secondary school, he self-taught himself how to make special effects on the computer.[6] Lei acts as a director and film editor.[4] He funded the purchase of video production equipment through money he made from promotional films.[4]
  • Nathan Lam (simplified Chinese: 林茂发; traditional Chinese: 林茂發),[34] known as Wasabi and 加蔥, previously worked in the marketing department of a casino and is an amateur magician.[4][35] Lam has a secondary school education.[4] After he collaborated with Sixtycents in their "Not Magic" (Chinese: 不是魔術) group, he started to be a guest performer in Manner videos.[35] He started Manner as a joint venture with Sixtycents and Jacky Lei after he was impressed by their song "When Studies Become Mature" (simplified Chinese: 学业成熟时; traditional Chinese: 學業成熟時), which changed the lyrics of the song "When Grapes Become Mature" (simplified Chinese: 葡萄成熟时; traditional Chinese: 葡萄成熟時).[4] In 2016, he quit his casino job and joined Manner to be an actor and screenwriter.[35] He writes most of the skits he performs in. Originally, his name was Wasabi, but after he did a short film called "Eat Noodles, Add Onions" that received rave reviews, people started calling him "Add Onions" (Chinese: 加蔥), so he changed his name to "Add Onions". He performed in the short film "Nonsensical", which received attention from fans.[35]
  • Yelo (simplified Chinese: 黄晓晴; traditional Chinese: 黃曉晴) was introduced to Manner by Weng Chan and knew Sixtycents since her senior year of high school. After doing a job interview, she received a call the night before the Mid-Autumn Festival asking whether she wanted to join. She joined Manner part-time. While she was a student at the University of Macau's Department of Communication, she attended classes three days a week and did filming one or two days a week.[36] She is a street dancer.[37]
  • Carl Ao Ieong (simplified Chinese: 欧阳仲豪; traditional Chinese: 歐陽仲豪; born in 1993 or 1994),[38] known as 豪Dee, received a degree from the University of Macau's Department of Marketing in 2016.[38][10] While he was still in university, he learned from Weng Chan that Manner needed an extra and was offering a $100 hourly salary. He took the job even though it was the day before his midterm exam. He later accepted Sixtycents' offer to join Manner to make films. The Hong Kong Economic Times said in 2018 that Ao Ieong was "Macau's most popular Internet celebrity" as he had 190,000 followers on Facebook and 100,000 on Instagram.[38] Ao Ieong has acted as a taxicab driver, boyfriend, and soldier in Manner skits.[37] He made a commercial with the entertainer Louis Cheung.[6]
  • Rachel Lau (simplified Chinese: 刘蕴晴; traditional Chinese: 劉蘊晴) grew up watching TVB. She made a short commercial film for the rice noodle chain Tamjai Yunnan Mixian with the TVB actress Rainbow Ching Hor Wai. For the commercial, she wrote and performed a song about family love.[39] When she joined Manner, she wrote songs and did not intend to be an actress.[8] Manner gave her a character to play and she grew into a key opinion leader.[8] Rachel has a hummingbird tattoo on her back. When she was very little, she had ornithophobia which could have been caused by seeing a bloody chicken at the supermarket or from seeing a bird suddenly get close to her. To overcome her fear, she would look at birds every day. After doing this for a while, she found hummingbirds to be cute so decided to get a tattoo of it.[8] In her second year of university, Rachel wrote and sang songs that she uploaded to her YouTube channel. After a Macau music company found her, she created her first album titled "0430". She received an accounting degree because she thought it would have good financial prospects.[40]
  • Jeffrey Fok (Chinese: 霍俊邦) was a hotel management university student who worked two years in hotel management after graduation. He wanted to make films but could not find enough time to do in his job so he resigned and took a paycut to join Manner as an entertainer. He is a boxer and part-time model.[41] In his youth, he enjoyed playing basketball, helped his secondary school team go from the fourth division to the first division and win the championship, and wished to play basketball for the rest of his life. But shortly after secondary school graduation, he was riding a bicycle in the rain and an old woman with an umbrella suddenly darted out in front of him. He swerved to avoid hitting her, fell, and suffered serious injuries that led to the doctor's telling him not to ever do strenuous exercise including basketball again. The accident also ended his dream to become a police officer.[42]
  • Sofia Paiva (simplified Chinese: 麦嘉欣; traditional Chinese: 麥嘉欣; born in 1996 or 1997) won the Miss International Macau 2017 title and competed in Miss International. Paiva is mixed race with Chinese and Portuguese heritage. She started the FiDan Siblings group with her brother to compete in the Taiwanese singing competition Million Star. She uploaded YouTube videos discussing makeup tips. On 4 October 2019, Manner announced on Instagram that Paiva would be joining the group.[43] She received a psychology degree from the University of Saint Joseph in 2020.[44]
  • Sulin Ip (simplified Chinese: 叶苏霖; traditional Chinese: 葉蘇霖; born in 1994)[45] won the Miss International Macau 2016 title and competed in Miss International where she reached the top 15.[46][47] She appeared on the TVB game show Liza's Online in a collaboration between TVB and Manner.[47]
  • Joao Ramos (Chinese: 拉莫斯), known as 雷諾, Black Joe, and Joe, is a member of Manner.[48][49][50] Nicknamed the "African Tiger",[48] Of mixed Angola and Portuguese ancestry, he grew up in Macau and became fluent in Cantonese after he and his family moved from Angola to Macau in his youth because of the Angolan Civil War.[50] Ramos is a Muay Thai practitioner who has garnered numerous Macau fans who support him when he competes.[49] He began practicing Muay Thai when he was 17 years old so that he could fight better with his friends, whom he frequently lost playful fights to as a skinny youth.[48] He trained in Phuket, Thailand.[49] In a 2017 competition, he was a contestant in the 65-kilogram (143 lb) division.[49] A full-time boxer who practices nearly daily, he has competed in Muay Thai boxing rings including in the Kunlun Fight.[48] In an interview with HK01 in 2019, Ramos said he was in his 30s and planned to retire after finishing two more boxing competitions that year.[48] He participated in two Hong Kong films, Isabella and Poker King.[50] Through his being an acquaintance of Sixtycents and because he was interested in making films, he joined Manner.[50] He has acted in numerous comedic roles for Manner including as a construction worker and as a man wearing women's clothing.[50]
  • Weng Chan (simplified Chinese: 陈康荣; traditional Chinese: 陳康榮), known as 雞Wing, is one of the earliest members of Manner, recalling that they used to film videos using their cell phones.[51] Chan knew Sixtycents when they were in secondary school because they both enjoyed making movies. Chan had a cameo in the 2019 Hong Kong film Missbehavior.[51] He collaborated with another Manner member, Wonton, on "Wonton Called Chicken" (simplified Chinese: 云吞叫埋鸡; traditional Chinese: 雲吞叫埋雞), a series of videos. Chan and Wonton came up with each episode's theme. While Chan took care of the filming and editing, Wonton found the guests and filming locations.[51]
  • Isabelle Ip (born in 1994 or 1995; simplified Chinese: 叶佩男; traditional Chinese: 葉佩男),[52] known as Puinam (佩男) and Older Sister (家姐), joined Manner in January 2019.[53] Ip appeared as a guest in a 2017 episode of the Manner video series "Wonton Called Chicken" (simplified Chinese: 云吞叫埋鸡; traditional Chinese: 雲吞叫埋雞) and received praise from netizens.[52] In 2020, she had over 280,000 followers on Instagram.[52] She is the older sister of Yuki Ip, who is also a member of Manner.[52] With her sister, she hosted the 2020 ViuTV show Home Field Goal (Chinese: 帶你到主場).[52] A model, she has received attention from numerous brands.[52] The Macao Daily News said she has a "hearty and playtful personality and beautiful appearance that has made her become more and more popular among netizens".[53]
  • Yuki Ip (born in 1995 or 1996; simplified Chinese: 叶思男; traditional Chinese: 葉思男),[52] known as Sinam (思男) and Younger Sister (阿妹), is a member of Manner. She is the younger sister of Isabelle Ip.[52] With her sister, she hosted the 2020 ViuTV show Home Field Goal (Chinese: 帶你到主場).[52]
  • Roberto Madan (born in 1997 or 1998; simplified Chinese: 马檇铿; traditional Chinese: 馬檇鏗)[54] is a songer-songwriter and member of Manner.[54][55] Madan is of Chinese, British, and Indian ancestry.[54] Chessman Entertainment signed Madan as an artist when he was 16 years old.[54] Since his family wanted him to focus on his studies, he did not renew the six-month contract.[54] Madan visited Hong Kong weekly for singing lessons.[54] He became an independent singer when he was 18 years old.[55] He received a music award from TDM when he was 18.[54] Madan was overweight when he was in primary school, which he attributed to his love of eating and urging by his mother.[56] When he was in secondary school, he looked at himself in the mirror and found himself to be obese and would have difficulty to find a girlfriend.[56] One time, after he played a basketball game, in referring to Madan, an opposing team's coach told his coach, "If he keeps getting fatter, he will not be able to play anymore."[56] The mirror and basketball incidents motivated him to lose weight and begin weightlifting.[56] Madan joined Manner in 2018 and originally only sang.[57] He later grew interested in acting which led to more people internationally become aware of him.[57] When he was just a singer, his audience was primarily people in Macau. Once he began acting, people from Hong Kong, Taiwan, and Malaysia grew aware of him.[57] Madan sang the Cantonese version of the theme song for Us and Them.[58] He had a role in the 2020 film Missbehavior.[58]
  • Tina Chan (simplified Chinese: 陈欣; traditional Chinese: 陳欣),[37] known as 陳田娜, joined Manner because she enjoyed acting, had spare time outside of her studies, and enjoyed working with other Manner employees who were close in age to her.[59] In her Manner films, she wears Japanese attire, acts in cute roles, and acts as a wife who henpecks her husband.[59] She debuted her photo album at the Hong Kong Book Fair in 2019 and planned to publish a cookbook.[59]
  • Edward Lei (simplified Chinese: 李宇轩; traditional Chinese: 李宇軒) has acted in numerous skits and micro movies. He usually acts in comedic roles and according to the Macao Daily News, he is "also good at performing distressing and tear-jerking roles".[60] Manner co-founder Sixtycents was his classmate. After Lei, who was interested in acting, saw online clips of Sixtycents' videos, he expressed his interest to make films with Sixtycents. Sixtycents said he would think about it and then invited Lei to join.[60]
  • Rosalina Lei (Chinese: 李熙媛), known as R, frequently plays the role of a teacher in Manner films because of her "gentle and generous appearance" according to the Macao Daily News.[61] Her childhood dream job was to become a teacher. Another frequent role she portrays is a gong nui. Before she joined Manner, co-founder Sixtycents was her friend and mentioned to her that Manner's advertising department needed staffing. In college, Lei had been the director of her student union's public relations department, where she spoke with companies to seek sponsorships. As she considered herself well-suited for working in Manner's advertising department, she joined the company. She spent approximately one year in that position, after which she switched to an on-camera role because she enjoyed performing and wanted to share her ideas with the audience. By March 2019, she had been at Manner for a little over two years.[61]
  • Sophie Lei (Chinese: 李靖茹), known as 蘇菲, has filmed several videos for Manner. She attended an American university abroad before returning to Macau.[62] Lei enjoys fitness and cooking.[62]
  • Hugo Chen (simplified Chinese: 陈建博; traditional Chinese: 陳建博) is a member of Manner whose "expressionless" face during skits was well received by viewers who called him a "poker-faced comedian".[63] Before joining Manner, he was acquainted with members of Manner's creative department because several years prior, he had helped worked on a music video with them. Manner approached him with the suggestion that he play a role they felt was well-suited to him. Chen agreed to the role after reviewing the script which he found hilarious. The audience reception to the character, who adopted an expressionless face, was very positive, so he continued playing it in several more skits. Chen said he enjoyed the freedom the performers had to "say no" to participating in any scripts that they consider unsuitable.[63]
  • Gong Lau (Chinese: 江流) is a screenwriter for Manner and a film enthusiast.[64] During the COVID-19 pandemic in Macau, he remained at home and watched numerous movies. He created a YouTube channel called "Youngster Gong Lau's Movie Watching Diary" (simplified Chinese: 少年江流的观影日志; traditional Chinese: 少年江流的觀影日誌) where he shared his film analysis.[64] The channel received 10,000 subscribers in one month.[65] Gong Lau said that "good movies are worth watching more than once".[64] His strategy is to watch movies three times. He focuses on the plot the first time, the film frames the second time, and the actors' performances the third time.[64]
  • Doris Lee (Chinese: 李天慧), known as 多多 and 多姐, is a member of Manner.[66] When she entered university, she was deciding between studying communication or education and settled upon communication.[5] She received a degree from the University of Macau's Department of Communication.[5][66] A graduation requirement was to create a film.[5] After observing her performance in the film "Girl" when she was a third-year college student, Manner co-founder Sixtycents was impressed with Lee's acting skills and asked her to become a Manner member.[5] As a child, she frequently draped herself in blankets to pretend she was wearing ancient costumes and pretended she was a mother while hugging a baby doll. As an adult, she enjoyed mimicking the expressions and tone of people she saw on television with her sister.[66] After graduating from college, she joined Manner full-time and for a month after joining she was uncertain about what artistic direction to take before deciding to focus on makeup.[5] On her fan pages, Lee published videos about makeup tips and released a series of beauty products.[5] A frequent role Lee portrays in Manner videos is a goddess who attracts the attention of numerous men.[5] She received attention in mainland China after filming a 10-second comedic video for Manner called "打包", which has two meanings, the first being to pack up a leftover meal and the second being to hit a bun.[5] Lee travelled to Taiwan to film a music video with the singer-songwriter Eric Chou.[5]
  • Wonton (simplified Chinese: 云吞; traditional Chinese: 雲吞) made micro movies during college which led to him joining Manner.[67] He frequently portrays women in comedy skits. Manner co-founder Sixtycents was the originator of the idea for Wonton to portray women. Wonton acted as a breastfeeding mother for the Breastfeeding Association in an advertising skit titled "No more loneliness in the road to breastmilk" (simplified Chinese: 不再孤独的母乳路; traditional Chinese: 不再孤獨的母乳路).[67] In 2019, Wonton created a new program called "Wonton and Big Sister" (simplified Chinese: 云吞家姐; traditional Chinese: 雲吞家姐) which he co-hosted with Puinam. In the show, he and Puinam visited new restaurants that were recommend by netizens to introduce those restaurants.[68]

Social media and video platforms

Manner has accounts on multiple social networking services and online video platforms including Facebook, Instagram, YouTube, Sina Weibo, Meipai, and Miaopai.[3] Manner released 326 skits in 2017.[10] In 2018, Manner had three billion video views and over 3.5 million followers on these sites.[3] Roughly two million of its audience members in 2018 lived in Guangdong, which is where most of its audience is from.[3][10] The rest are from the other parts of mainland China, Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.[3] In mainland China, audience members view its videos on Sohu, iQIYI, and Miaopai.[10] Its audience members are largely between 18 and 35 years old.[10] According to Exmoo News, Manner is the "KOL platform in Macau with the widest audience".[69][70] Its videos are posted on Asian diaspora Facebook groups such as Subtle Asian Traits and Subtle Cantonese Traits.[2]

Cantonese language

The company creates Cantonese films. Sixtycents noted that the performers grew up speaking Cantonese and viewed it as a culture and way of life. The group produces videos that do not avoid Cantonese profanity because they view it as the essence of Cantonese. As the actors are not proficient in Mandarin Chinese, the group was disinclined to make videos in Mandarin to try to attract the mainland Chinese market. Furthermore, as there are geographical and linguistic differences in humour, the comedic material they were creating in Cantonese was not easily transferable to Mandarin. The Macau writers and actors are heavily influenced by consuming Hong Kong television dramas, movies, and songs, which are predominantly in Cantonese. Although Manner is focused on the Cantonese market, some audience members who only understand Cantonese watch their content through by relying on subtitles for understanding and to learn Cantonese culture.[11]

English subtitles

Manner pays people to create funny English subtitles for their videos.[15] Its executive director acknowledged that their subtitles are "unusual" because "Poor English is part of Macau's culture because our two official languages are Chinese and Portuguese".[2] They once had a professional translator of their videos. One day, a video's director had to perform the translation because she was travelling. The director's substandard English translations were well received by their audience.[2] In one example, they translated "angry at me" (Chinese: 嬲) into "boy girl boy me" owing to the spelling of the Chinese character.[2]

Videos

HK01 wrote that Manner makes "short films that are all lighthearted, humorous, and make people belly laugh".[8] Exmoo News called Manner's videos "funny and thought-provoking or ironic".[6] In addition to its skits, Manner produces reality shows, variety shows, standalone drama episodes, and live music shows.[12] The Macau scholar and cultural critic Li Zhanpeng found that Manner has a substantial influence on online viewers but that its material is "decontextualised" into a "very silly situational joke". He hoped that Manner would spark the Macau people to engage in dialogue though he recognised that Macau has a small audience and that Manner's audience is international and its content must appeal to them too.[71]

According to Manner director Sixtycents, online audiences have short attention spans so generally will not appreciate videos longer than 10 minutes. In the past, Manner created a series of videos that ranged from six to 10 minutes. They would release one video per week. Sixtycents found that instead of watching each video as it is released, their audience would wait until all 10 videos in the series were released before watching all of them at once. Now, instead of releasing these 70-minute videos on Instagram and Facebook, Manner releases them on film sites such as iQIYI where users are more receptive to watching videos on the weekly release cadence.[3] Video ideas are discussed during a weekly "Creation Club" meeting.[6] If an idea was approved by the club, it would be filmed. The creator would receive a bonus based on how many likes the video received. During the meetings, they would think of how to improve on the proposed ideas.[6]

Manner does not directly discuss politics. It indirectly discussed politics in a video that alludes to how the long delays and cost overruns of Macau Light Rapid Transit, which has angered many Macau people. The video said that light trail is the ghost feared by the Macau people (the words "light rail" and "ghost" have the same pronunciation in Cantonese).[10] Manner produced a video titled "Some things when done by males is considered strange" that discusses how women can do some things without having their sexuality questioned that men cannot. In the video, two males hold hands, eat the same food, and take a shower together. Upon observing this, their two women friends feel it is weird, question why the males are so intimate, and wonder whether the males are gay.[72]

After Typhoon Hato and Tropical Storm Pakhar caused destruction in Macau in 2017, Sixtycents changed the lyrics of the Japanese song "Always With Me" (the closing theme song for the film Spirited Away) and had the song performed by a Macau band to celebrate the rescuers and volunteers who were helping the storm victims. They included clips of people helping each other in the aftermath of the storm in the music video. They uploaded the music video to Facebook. The video received 210,000 likes in 14 hours.[73] Manner's actors, Carl Ao Ieong, Puinam, and Yelo, performed for Hacken Lee's music video for the 2020 song Fairy Tales, which is about a couple who are unable to meet face-to-face because of the COVID-19 pandemic. They have to order takeout and kindle their love through video.[74]

Manner released a comedic video in 2017 about a son who went to great lengths to borrow money from his mother. He tells her that he lacks money, wants to start a family, and needs the red envelope money and interest on it that she had held on for him. The mother tells him that he should not be able to find a girlfriend given what he looks like. The son comes out and says he had a pregnant boyfriend who needs money. In a fit of despair, the mother pretends to be sick, spits out blood, says she has no money left, and bemoans that she was not a good mother. The mother and son go back and forth multiple times with more trickery so that it is not possible to recognise who is who. In the end, an important person appears and the son gives up.[75] They released a 15-second video about how people with the 12 different astrological signs look like when they sleep. The camera shows a single person who looks exactly the same for all 12 constellations. Netizens responded "What did I just watch" and "The most accurate constellation analysis in history".[76]

Theatre shows

In 2018, Manner performed two showings of a magic and musical show titled "Maybe Funny" (Chinese: 可能好笑) at the Macao Cultural Centre.[28][77] Starring Sixtycents, Lam Mao Fat, Rachel Lau, and Yelo, it has the themes of time, health, work, and marriage. With Rachel acting as the storyteller who sang songs that connected the show's scenes, Yelo was responsible for the dancing parts of the show.[77] Sixtycents and Lam Mao Fat performed magic.[78] Tickets for the Macau showings were sold out in 30 minutes.[79] In 2019, they performed the show in Hong Kong at the Hong Kong Baptist University where they sold over a thousand tickets.[79][80]

In 2020, Manner performed five showings on three days of the play "Merry Christmas from Island God" (simplified Chinese: 岛神的快乐圣诞; traditional Chinese: 島神的快樂聖誕) at The Parisian Macao's theatre.[81] The play stars three foolish young people, who are played by Nathan Lam acting as a sighing pork meat seller, Ah Tai as a cynical hip hop singer, and Alex Ng as an insurance broker.[80][81] The three are travelling around the world on a hot air balloon and after a mishap, they are stranded on a deserted island.[81] The youths encounter the "Island God" (played by Ho Bak), a pretty fairy with a sweet voice (played by Rachel Lau), and three warmhearted island natives (played by Carl Ao Ieong, Isabelle Ip, and Tina Chan).[80][81] The "Island God" grants them three wishes which leads to some magical and comedic incidents.[81] The Macao Daily News said the play "releases funny positive energy and presents a wonderful and unforgettable performance to the audience".[80]

Advertising

Manner receives numerous advertising requests.[3] The first advertisement Manner made was in 2014.[82] Manner made an advertisement music video on 20 May 2016 titled "520" that modified the lyrics of the Hebe Tien song "A Little Happiness" that discussed the relationship between a boyfriend and girlfriend.[82][13] In Mandarin, "520" has a similar sound to "I love you", while in Cantonese, "520" has a similar sound to "Don't want you".[82] It received 3.9 million views on Facebook.[13] Manner made a sponsored video in 2017 for Royal Dansk's blue tin cookies starring Manner personality Carl Ao Ieong and the celebrity Louis Cheung, who played Ao Ieong's older cousin.[6] The video, which was about how the blue tin cookies saved the two cousins, went viral.[6]

Its revenue of HKD$10 million (US$1,287,001.29) in 2017 largely came from fulfilling the advertising requests.[3] Roughly 70% to 80% of their revenue is from advertising,[28] and about 80% of the companies or organisations with whom they have advertising deals are in Hong Kong.[17] Manner made a crime prevention video for the Hong Kong Police Force.[3] Companies they have made ads for include Alipay, the Yeung Gwong drink, and the electronics chain store Broadway.[13] People they have made ads for include Eason Chan, Joey Yung, Eddie Peng, Wan Kwong, and Nancy Sit.[10]

Commerce

Starting in 2017,[28] Manner has begun operating in the food and drink industry such as investing in a restaurant and bar and creating advertisements promoting restaurants.[16][3] The restaurant and bar allowed singers to share their voice to restaurant patrons.[7] They began considering entering the products space after thinking of the slogan "睇趣片 食脆片" which means "Watch funny videos, eat crispy snacks" in which in Cantonese "funny" and "crispy" are different words but are pronounced the same.[14] It created Manner-branded snacks that have Manner personalities on the packaging.[3] It created the Laji brand that sells souvenirs such as Chinese almond biscuits and beef jerky.[17] When they first started making snacks, they found it more expensive than they had anticipated as Macau had very few factories, and it was expensive to pay for labour and materials.[14]

Laji

In August 2018, Manner opened a physical store to sell Macau souvenirs. Called Laji (Chinese: 辣記), the store was located close to the Ruins of Saint Paul's at Travessa dos Anjos in Sé, Macau.[10] The store had a large television that broadcasts Manner's videos. It sold Phoenix egg rolls, Chinese almond biscuits, and beef jerky and its products had a slightly spicy taste.[10] The products had "funny and weird packaging" in that the Phoenix egg rolls' wrapping looked like that of feminine hygiene products, while the almond biscuits' wrapping looked like that of condoms.[10] Laji offered discounts that were gimmicks. Since it is challenging to find parking in Macau, Laji gave customers free beef jerky if they show a parking ticket they have received.[10] Despite substantial investment in it, the Laji physical store closed after fewer than six months.[12] Manner did not realise how much time and money it would take to run the store. They switched to online selling of their products such as mugs and T-shirts to increase the profit margin and reduce the time investment.[12]

Manner Dai Pai Dong

Using the same name as one of the company's shows, Sixtycents founded a restaurant at Sha Tin's New Town Plaza called Manner Dai Pai Dong (Chinese: 微辣大排檔).[27][83] To prepare the restaurant for its opening, he spent eight figures.[83] From planning to its opening on 3 December 2022, it took three years owing to the COVID-19 pandemic, which led to multiple delays.[83] The restaurant's four sections each had a theme: a subway car, a mahjong school, ferry seats in the Hong Kong and Macau styles, and an old-fashioned ice room.[83] The restaurant received negative reviews for poor service and poor-quality food, leading its closure by October 2023.[84]

Comparison to 100Most

In reference to the satirical Hong Kong magazine 100Most, Manner has been called "Macau's 100Most" because both produce funny content.[17][85] Manner co-founder Sixtycents objected to the 100Most characterisation, noting that Manner does not touch directly on politics.[28][10] He further noted that 100Most is focused on the publishing business, whereas Manner is involved in various media.[28]

References
Notes
  1. Another source says Manner was founded in August 2013 by two Macau people, Sixtycents and Jacky Lei.[3]
Footnotes
  1. "About 微辣 Manner". YouTube.
  2. "Influencers depict another side of Macau via social media". Macau Post Daily. 2020-08-10. Archived from the original on 2020-11-28. Retrieved 2020-11-28.
  3. 文羨怡 (2018-01-02). "輟學90後創「微辣」影片平台年收入逾千萬" [After dropping out of school to create the Manner film platform, annual income exceeds 10 million]. Hong Kong Economic Times (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 2020-11-28. Retrieved 2020-11-28.
  4. "澳门90后青年拍MV鼓励追梦 网民赞"听到哭"(图)" [Youth born in the 1990s shoot MV to encourage dreams. Netizens praise "cry on hearing it" (photo)]. China News Service (in Chinese). 2013-08-26. Archived from the original on 2020-12-21. Retrieved 2020-12-21.
  5. 邱敏儀 (2017-12-05). "她就是（微）辣妹: 訪「微辣」藝人Doris" [She is the Manner young woman: interviewing Manner artist Doris] (in Chinese). NG Plus Media. Archived from the original on 2020-12-25. Retrieved 2020-12-25.
  6. "「微辣」趣片！" [[Manner] Funny videos!]. Exmoo News (in Chinese). 2017-03-15. Archived from the original on 2020-11-28. Retrieved 2020-11-28.
  7. "【微辣 Manner】创办人Jacky：加入微辣不一定靓仔，但一定要靓女！" [[Manner] Founder Jacky: Joining Manner not necessarily a handsome guy but must be a beautiful woman]. Big Post (in Chinese). 2018-05-14. Archived from the original on 2020-11-28. Retrieved 2020-11-28.
  8. 秦志鴻 (2019-06-12). "【專訪】微辣嘅人全部都係咁白痴？ Rachel：我都戇居咗好多！" [[Interview] Are all of Manner's people idiots? Rachel: I become a lot more dumb!] (in Chinese). HK01. Archived from the original on 2020-11-28. Retrieved 2020-11-28.
  9. "KOL在本地難搵食" [Local KOLs find it difficult to make a living]. Exmoo News (in Chinese). 2019-08-30. Archived from the original on 2020-11-28. Retrieved 2020-11-28.
  10. "【澳门传奇】25岁微辣CEO六毫子 搞笑原创年收数千万" [[Macau Legend] 25-year-old Manner CEO Sixtycents. Funny original creations earn over ten million.]. ET Net (in Chinese). Hong Kong Economic Times. 2018-11-22. Archived from the original on 2020-11-28. Retrieved 2020-11-28.
  11. 甄梓鈴 (2018-06-06). "【澳門人講乜話】不是100毛的本土幽默 與微辣笑談廣東話" [[What Macau people say] Not 100Most's humor. With Manner laugh and talk Cantonese] (in Chinese). HK01. Archived from the original on 2020-11-28. Retrieved 2020-11-28.
  12. 李倩如 (2020-08-10). "六毫子VS陸志豪" [Sixtycents vs. Sixtycents. Manner CEO's dialogue with himself] (in Chinese). NG Plus Media. Archived from the original on 2020-12-25. Retrieved 2020-12-25.
  13. "【微辣的故事】六毫子：我哋唔係澳門「100毛」" [[Manner's Story] Sixtycents: We are not the Macau "100Most"]. Apple Daily (in Chinese). 2018-04-02. Archived from the original on 2020-11-28. Retrieved 2020-11-28.
  14. 霍芷晴 (2018-09-08). "【YouTuber】微辣踩過界出零食？ 創辦人六毫子：澳門不只博企" [[YouTuber] Manner steps into snacks? Founder Sixtycents: Macau is not just a place for gambling] (in Chinese). HK01. Archived from the original on 2020-11-28. Retrieved 2020-11-28.
  15. 王文蔚 (2019-05-20). "豪Dee拍摄时脚趾受伤 微辣Manner携作品会粉丝" [Carl Ao Ieong injured his toe during shooting. Manner fan meetup]. Oriental Daily News (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 2020-11-28. Retrieved 2020-11-28.
  16. "「上市與否無所謂」" [Going public does not matter]. Apple Daily (in Chinese). 2018-04-03. Archived from the original on 2020-11-28. Retrieved 2020-11-28.
  17. 蔡璿驩 (2018-09-29). "獲逾7位數注資 微辣進軍香港" [Receiving a seven-figure investment, Manner advances into Hong Kong]. Hong Kong Economic Times (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 2020-11-28. Retrieved 2020-11-28.
  18. 鍾耀恆 (2018-09-29). "【衝出澳門】微辣獲香港神秘人注資 殺入娛樂圈" [[Charging out of Macau] Manner receives capital from mysterious Hong Kong investor, entering showbusiness]. Apple Daily (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 2020-11-28. Retrieved 2020-11-28.
  19. "微辣阿晶懶人包｜前員工Jane自殺 7件事睇時序＋IG踢爆遭集體欺凌" [A brief overview of Manner and Jane｜Ex-employee Jane commits suicide. 7 things to watch in sequence + IG revealed that she was bullied collectively] (in Chinese). HK01. 2023-07-27. Archived from the original on 2023-10-08. Retrieved 2023-10-08.
  20. Cai, Xiaoting 蔡曉婷 (2023-07-27). "29歲美女網紅輕生驟逝 昔控被旗下藝人強迫墮胎" [A 29-year-old beauty internet celebrity sudden death from suicide. She accused an artist of forcing her to have an abortion]. China Times (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 2023-08-04. Retrieved 2023-10-08.
  21. "微辣‎阿晶離世丨阿丞突然認有份欺凌阿晶 微辣藝人出招試水溫？" [Local entertainment firm in hot water over ex-staff member's alleged suicide]. Sing Tao Daily (in Chinese). 2023-08-21. Archived from the original on 2023-10-08. Retrieved 2023-10-08.
  22. Un, Aries (2023-07-27). "Local entertainment firm in hot water over ex-staff member's alleged suicide". Macau Business. Archived from the original on 2023-10-08. Retrieved 2023-10-08.
  23. Wong, Karen (2023-07-31). "Local brands cut ties with Manner: What other revenue streams can it explore during a crisis?". Marketing Interactive. Archived from the original on 2023-10-08. Retrieved 2023-10-08.
  24. Cheung, Cho-ming 張祖銘 (2023-07-28). "微辣阿晶｜微辣官方YouTube追蹤人數急跌　共18條影片下架". HK01. Archived from the original on 2023-10-08. Retrieved 2023-10-08.
  25. Cheung, Ka-man 張嘉敏 (2023-08-12). "網紅爆微辣已遣散員工執笠　流出藝人接Job身價單呢3位稱冠" [The Internet celebrity has fired his employees and leaked the artist's job. Three top list of net worth] (in Chinese). HK01. Archived from the original on 2023-10-08. Retrieved 2023-10-08.
  26. Kam, Sau-ling 金秀玲 (2023-09-25). "微辣｜網傳澳門辦公室退租後最新照片　內部全數拆毁一片狼藉" [Slightly Spicy｜The latest photos of the Macau office after renting out were circulated on the Internet. The interior was completely demolished and turned into a mess.] (in Chinese). HK01. Archived from the original on 2023-10-08. Retrieved 2023-10-08.
  27. Hung, Hiu-suen 洪曉璇 (2023-10-06). "微辣停止更新澳門辦公室退租　微辣大排檔亦已悄悄無聲結業" [Manner stopped updating content and its Macau office ended the lease. Manner Dai Pai Dong has also quietly closed down.] (in Chinese). HK01. Archived from the original on 2023-10-08. Retrieved 2023-10-08.
  28. "【微辣的故事】千萬年生意 「綠帽」線上線下連結" [[Manner's Story] Ten thousand years of business. "Green Hat" online and offline links]. Apple Daily (in Chinese). 2018-04-02. Archived from the original on 2020-11-28. Retrieved 2020-11-28.
  29. 蔡璿驩 (2018-11-16). "【微辣攻港】 失戀、M痛隨便放假 六毫子：希望利潤與員工分享" [[Manner Enters Hong Kong] Broken-hearted, menstrual pain, easy to take holiday. Sixtycents: hope to do profit-sharing with employees]. Hong Kong Economic Times (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 2020-11-28. Retrieved 2020-11-28.
  30. "【微辣的故事】90後點管90後？好free唔一定死硬" [[Manner's Story] How do people born after 1990 manage people born after 1990? Very free, no need to be inflexible]. Apple Daily (in Chinese). 2018-04-02. Archived from the original on 2020-11-28. Retrieved 2020-11-28.
  31. 鍾耀恆 (2018-09-29). "【衝出澳門】微辣式管理哲學 六毫子：月經 失戀 隨便請假" [[Charging out of Macau] Manner management philosophy. Sixtycents: menstruation, love-lost, easy to take holiday]. Apple Daily (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 2020-11-28. Retrieved 2020-11-28.
  32. 林愛娜 (2018-10-24). "中學操行差3次被踢出校大學輟學 微辣CEO：讀書不代表學習" [Poor conduct in high school, expulsion from school three times, and college dropout. Manner CEO: going to school doesn't mean learning]. Hong Kong Economic Times (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 2020-11-28. Retrieved 2020-11-28.
  33. 蔡璿驩 (2018-11-20). "轉過7次校 大學輟學 六毫子：有心學 自學可成才" [Transferred to seven schools, college dropout. Sixtycents: be willing to learn, can become a talented person through self-studying]. Hong Kong Economic Times (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 2020-11-28. Retrieved 2020-11-28.
  34. 李婉文 (2019-07-08). "陳瀅幫微辣拍片沙灘玩遊戲 性格率真勁吸引網民︰又玩得又唔扮嘢" [Jeannie Chan helped Manner film games on the beach. Outstanding personality attracted netizens: playing and not pretending] (in Chinese). HK01. Archived from the original on 2020-12-21. Retrieved 2020-12-21.
  35. 車點心 (2018-06-17). "加蔥：創作源於多角度思考" [Nathan Lam: creation comes from multi-angle thinking]. Macao Daily News (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 2020-12-21. Retrieved 2020-12-21 – via CyberCTM.
  36. 蔡璿驩 (2018-11-26). "【微辣攻港】大學生Yelo兼職拍片 望成微辣才女" [[Manner Enters Hong Kong] University student Yelo does part-time films, hopes to become a Manner talented woman]. Hong Kong Economic Times (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 2020-11-28. Retrieved 2020-11-28.
  37. 昊燊 (2016-08-31). "淺嘗苦與樂" [A taste of bitterness and pleasure]. Macao Daily News (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 2020-12-25. Retrieved 2020-12-25 – via CyberCTM.
  38. 蔡璿驩 (2018-11-16). "【微辣攻港】吸近30萬粉絲 藝人豪Dee：做演員係高尚職業" [[Manner Enters Hong Kong] attracting nearly 30,000 fans, entertainer Carl Ao Ieong: being an actor is a noble profession]. Hong Kong Economic Times (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 2020-11-28. Retrieved 2020-11-28.
  39. 鄭嘉瑤 (2019-04-02). "微辣文青女神劉蘊晴與程可為合演母女 Rachel抒情歌唱頌親情" [Manner young goddess Rachel Lau and Rainbow Ching Hor Wai played mother daughter. Rachel sings of family love]. Hong Kong Economic Times (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 2020-11-28. Retrieved 2020-11-28.
  40. 黃樂怡 (2018-03-07). "微辣Rachel克服人群恐懼 追尋唱作歌手夢" [Manner's Rachel overcame fear of crowds. Chasing her dream of writing songs and singing] (in Chinese). HK01. Archived from the original on 2020-11-28. Retrieved 2020-11-28.
  41. 陳慧敏 (2017-05-21). "【6呎5吋毒男】酒店管家變拍片專家 「我想紅但唔想做電視台」" [[6 feet 5 inch single man] The hotel manager turns into a filming expxert. "I want to be popular but don't want to work at a television station"]. Apple Daily (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 2020-11-28. Retrieved 2020-11-28.
  42. 文皓心 (2018-02-07). "【微辣霍哥血淚史】遇車禍跛腳致警察夢碎 上擂台打拳尋回自我" [[Manner's Fok's blood and tears story] Experienced a crash that caused him to become lame which destroyed his policeman dream. Returning to the ring for boxing to find himself.] (in Chinese). HK01. Archived from the original on 2020-11-28. Retrieved 2020-11-28.
  43. 黃欣華 (2019-10-04). "【多圖】前澳門小姐麥嘉欣宣布加入微辣 中葡混血兒擁逆天美顏" [[Many photos] Former Miss Macau Sofia Paiva joins Manner. Of Chinese-Portuguese mixed race, she has a beautiful face.] (in Chinese). HK01. Archived from the original on 2020-11-28. Retrieved 2020-11-28.
  44. 冼燕珊 (2020-09-17). "Sofia麥嘉欣大學畢業 着畢業袍充滿知性美" [Sofia Paiva graduated from university. Wearing a graduation gown, she was full of intellect and beauty] (in Chinese). HK01. Archived from the original on 2020-11-28. Retrieved 2020-11-28.
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  48. 賴家俊 (2019-02-12). "【武打星蹤】雷諾JOE：盼以藝人身份推廣泰拳" [[Martial Arts Star Trail] Hope to promote Muay Thai as an artist] (in Chinese). HK01. Archived from the original on 2020-12-21. Retrieved 2020-12-21.
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  56. "【你問我答‧精華】死肥仔都係潛力股？「微辣」獨家分享西柚深蹲減肥法" [[You ask. I answer. Essence] Damn fat boys have potential? Manner exclusive sharing of grapefruit, squat weight loss methods]. Apple Daily (in Chinese). 2018-09-20. Archived from the original on 2020-12-21. Retrieved 2020-12-21.
  57. 車點心 (2019-05-08). "馬檇鏗想開音樂會" [Roberto Madan wants to have a concert]. Macao Daily News (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 2020-12-21. Retrieved 2020-12-21 – via CyberCTM.
  58. 阿朵 (2019-01-02). "馬檇鏗繼續歌演雙棲" [Roberto Madan continues to sing and play]. Macao Daily News (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 2019-12-25. Retrieved 2020-12-21.
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  66. 車點心 (2018-12-21). "微辣令Doris更強大" [Manner makes Doris even stronger]. Macao Daily News (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 2020-12-25. Retrieved 2020-12-25 – via CyberCTM.
  67. 車點心 (2019-02-19). "雲吞想演警匪片" [Wonton wants to act in police movies]. Macao Daily News (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 2020-12-25. Retrieved 2020-12-25 – via CyberCTM.
  68. "雲吞佩男拍住去"搵食"" [Wonton and Puinam film "Finding Food"]. Macao Daily News (in Chinese). 2019-06-28. Archived from the original on 2020-12-25. Retrieved 2020-12-25.
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  70. "堅持以粵語創作冀打造娛樂品牌 本地人氣網媒「微辣」年度大會" [Persisting in using Cantonese for building an entertainment brand. Local popular Internet media Manner's annual conference]. Exmoo News (in Chinese). 2017-03-06. Retrieved 2020-11-28.
  71. "【說書・人】愛恨港媒的澳門人 傳播學者李展鵬嘆前路崎嶇" [[Story・People] Macau people who love and hate Hong Kong media. Communications scholar Li Zhanpeng laments the rugged road ahead]. Stand News (in Chinese). 2018-05-24. Archived from the original on 2020-11-28. Retrieved 2020-11-28.
  72. 五仔 (2019-03-12). "致微辣：你們憑什麼取笑別人的行為呢？" [To Manner: Why do you make fun of other people's behaviour]. Stand News (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 2020-11-28. Retrieved 2020-11-28.
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  74. "【為食熊貓】李克勤+微辣主播合拍MV 為《格林童話》獲五台冠軍歌振奮" [[Hunger for Love] Hacken Lee + Manner make MV. For "Fairy Tale", they received gold medal from RTHK Radio 5]. Hong Kong Economic Times (in Chinese). 2020-10-16. Archived from the original on 2020-11-28. Retrieved 2020-11-28.
  75. 賴俊佑 (2017-12-15). "兒子借錢出大絕 連「親生母親」也不認得？" [Son goes to the extreme to borrow money. He can't even recognize his "own mother"?] (in Chinese). TVBS. Archived from the original on 2020-11-28. Retrieved 2020-11-28.
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  78. "《可能好笑》進軍香港 微辣首齣舞台劇反應佳" ["Maybe Funny" enters Hong Kong. Manner's first stage play had positive responses]. Exmoo News (in Chinese). 2018-04-12. Archived from the original on 2020-11-28. Retrieved 2020-11-28.
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  81. 游子欣 (2020-12-10). "《島神的快樂聖誕》！ 微辣魔術劇場駕到" ["Merry Christmas from Island God"! Manner's]. Exmoo News (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 2020-12-25. Retrieved 2020-12-25.
  82. "金融中心：不是澳門版「100毛」 微辣CEO：想做華語界迪士尼" [Financial centre: Not the Macau version of 100Most. Manner CEO: Want to be the Chinese Disney]. Apple Daily (in Chinese). 2018-04-03. Archived from the original on 2020-11-28. Retrieved 2020-11-28.
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  84. "沙田微辣大排檔開店近1年終結業！曾被網民力數5宗罪大彈質素差" [The Manner Dai Pai Dong in Sha Tin has closed after opening nearly a year ago! Previously, netizens cited 5 criticisms of the restaurant's quality]. Weekend Weekly (in Chinese). 2023-10-06. Archived from the original on 2023-10-08. Retrieved 2023-10-08.
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