List of human blood components
In blood banking, the fractions of Whole Blood used for transfusion are also called components.
| Compound | Comments | In whole blood (g/cm3) | In plasma or serum (g/cm3) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Water | Solvent | 0.81-0.86 | 0.93-0.95 |
| Acetoacetate | Produced in liver | 8-40 ×10−7 | 4-43 ×10−7 |
| Acetone | product of bodyfat breakdown | 3-20 ×10−6 | |
| Acetylcholine | Neurotransmitter of the parasympathetic nervous system | 6.6-8.2 ×10−8 | |
| Adenosine triphosphate | Energy storage | ||
| total | 3.1-5.7 ×10−4 | ||
| phosphorus | 5-10 ×10−5 | ||
| Adrenocorticotrophic hormone | Stimulates the adrenal cortex | 2.5-12 ×10−11 | |
| @ 6AM, mean | 5.5 ×10−11 | ||
| @ 6AM, maximum | 12 ×10−11 | ||
| @ 6PM, mean | 3.5 ×10−11 | ||
| @ 6PM, maximum | <7.5 ×10−11 | ||
| Alanine | Amino acid | 2.7-5.5 ×10−5 | 2.4-7.6 ×10−5 |
| Albumin | Blood plasma protein | 3.5-5.0 ×10−2[1] | |
| Aluminum | 1-40 ×10−8 | 1-88 ×10−8 | |
| Selenium | 60–150 ng/mL | ||
| Aldosterone | Regulates electrolyte balance | ||
| supine | 3-10 ×10−11 | ||
| standing, male | 6-22 ×10−11 | ||
| standing, female | 5-30 ×10−11 | ||
| Amino acids | Protein building blocks | ||
| total | 3.8-5.3 ×10−4 | ||
| nitrogen | 4.6-6.8 ×10−5 | 3.0-5.5 ×10−5 | |
| alpha-Aminobutyric acid | 1-2 ×10−6 | 1-2 ×10−6 | |
| δ-Aminolevulinic acid | 1.5-2.3 ×10−7 | ||
| Ammonia nitrogen | 1-2 ×10−6 | 1.0-4.9 ×10−7 | |
| cAMP | Intracellular signal transduction molecule | ||
| male | 5.6-10.9 ×10−9 | ||
| female | 3.6-8.9 ×10−9 | ||
| Androstenedione | Steroid hormone | ||
| male >18 yrs | 2-30 ×10−10 | ||
| female >18 yrs | 8-30 ×10−10 | ||
| Androsterone | Steroid hormone | 1.5 ×10−7 | |
| Angiotensin I | Angiotensin II precursor | 1.1-8.8 ×10−11 | |
| Angiotensin II | Vasoconstrictor | 1.2-3.6 ×10−11 | |
| Alpha 1-antitrypsin | Serine protease inhibitor | 7.8-20 ×10−4 | |
| Arginine | Amino acid | 6-17 ×10−6 | 1.3-3.6 ×10−5 |
| Arsenic | normal range | 2-62 ×10−9 | |
| chronic poisoning | 100-500 ×10−9 | ||
| acute poisoning | 600-9300 ×10−9 | ||
| Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) | Important vitamin | 1-15 ×10−6 | 6-20 ×10−6 |
| Aspartic acid | Amino acid | 0-3 ×10−6 | |
| In WBCs | 2.5-4.0 ×10−4 | 9-12 ×10−6 | |
| Bicarbonate | Buffer in blood | 5-5.7 ×10−4 | |
| Bile acids | Digestive function, bilirubin excretion | 2-30 ×10−6 | 3-30 ×10−6 |
| Bilirubin | Hemoglobin metabolite | 2-14 ×10−6 | 1-10 ×10−6 |
| Biotin (Vitamin H) | Gluconeogenesis, metabolize leucine, fatty acid synthesis | 7-17 ×10−9 | 9-16 ×10−9 |
| Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) | 8-23 ×10−5 | ||
| Bradykinin | 7 ×10−11 | ||
| Bromide | 7-10 ×10−9 | ||
| Cadmium | normal | 1-5 ×10−9 | |
| toxic | 0.1-3 ×10−6 | ||
| Calciferol (vitamin D2) | Maintain calcium and phosphorus levels | 1.7-4.1 ×10−8 | |
| Calcitonin (CT) | Hormone | <1.0 ×10−10 | |
| Calcium | Bones, Ca2+ | ||
| ionized | 4.48-4.92 ×10−5 | 4.25-5.25 ×10−5 | |
| total | 8.4-11.5 ×10−5 | ||
| Carbon dioxide | Respiratory gas | ||
| arterial | 8.8-10.8 ×10−4 | 3.0-7.9 ×10−5 | |
| venous | 9.8-11.8 ×10−4 | 3.3-8.3 ×10−5 | |
| Carboxyhemoglobin(as HbCO) | nonsmokers | 0.5-1.5% total Hb | |
| smokers, 1-2 packs/day | 4-5% total Hb | ||
| smokers, 2 packs/day | 8-9% total Hb | ||
| toxic | >20% total Hb | ||
| lethal | >50% total Hb | ||
| Carcinoembryonic antigen | <2.5 ×10−9 | ||
| beta-Carotene | Vitamin A dimer | 3-25 ×10−7 | |
| Carotenoids | Antioxidant | 2.4-23.1 ×10−7 | |
| Cephalin | 3-11.5 ×10−4 | 0-1 ×10−4 | |
| Ceruloplasmin | 1.5-6 ×10−4 | ||
| Chloride, as NaCl | 4.5-5 ×10−3 | 3.5-3.8 ×10−3 | |
| Cholecalciferol (Vitamin D3) | 1, 25-dihydroxy | 2.5-4.5 ×10−11 | |
| 24,25-dihydroxy | 1.5 ×10−9 | ||
| 25-hydroxy | 1.4-8 ×10−8 | ||
| Cholecystokinin (pancreozymin) | Stimulates fat and protein digestion | 6.04 ×10−11 | |
| Cholesterol | Steroid lipid | ||
| LDLC | 0.5-2.0 ×10−3 | ||
| HDLC | 2.9-9.0 ×10−4 | ||
| total | 1.15-2.25 ×10−3 | 1.2-2 ×10−3 | |
| Choline, total | 1.1-3.1 ×10−4 | 3.6-3.5 ×10−4 | |
| Chorionic gonadotropin | Progesterone secretion during pregnancy | ||
| Menstrual | 0-3 ×10−11 | ||
| Pregnancy, 1st trimester | 5-3300 ×10−10 | ||
| Pregnancy, 2nd trimester | 20-1000 ×10−10 | ||
| Pregnancy, 3rd trimester | 20-50 ×10−10 | ||
| Menopausal | 3-30 ×10−11 | ||
| Citric acid | 1.3-2.5 ×10−5 | 1.6-3.2 ×10−5 | |
| Citrulline | 2-10 ×10−6 | ||
| Coagulation Factors | Fibrinogen | 1.2-1.6 ×10−3 | 2-4 ×10−3 |
| Prothrombin | 1 ×10−4 | ||
| Tissue thromboplastin | 1 ×10−6 | ||
| Proaccelerin | 5-12 ×10−6 | ||
| Proconvertin | 1 ×10−6 | ||
| Antihemophilic factor | 1 ×10−7 | ||
| Christmas factor | 4 ×10−6 | ||
| Stuart factor | 5 ×10−6 | ||
| Plasma thrmb. anteced. | 4 ×10−6 | ||
| Hageman factor | 2.9 ×10−5 | ||
| Fibrin-stabilizing factor | 1 ×10−5 | ||
| Fibrin split products | <1 ×10−5 | ||
| Fletcher factor | 5 ×10−5 | ||
| Fitzgerald factor | 7 ×10−5 | ||
| von Willebrand factor | 7 ×10−6 | ||
| Cobalamin (Vitamin B12) | Needed for nerve cells, red blood cells, and to make DNA | 6-14 ×10−10 | 1-10 ×10−10 |
| Cocarboxylase | 7-9 ×10−8 | ||
| Complement system | C1q | 5.8-7.2 ×10−5 | |
| C1r | 2.5-3.8 ×10−5 | ||
| C1s (C1 esterase) | 2.5-3.8 ×10−5 | ||
| C2 | 2.2-3.4 ×10−5 | ||
| C3( b1C-globulin) | 8-15.5 ×10−4 | ||
| factor B (C3 proactivator) | 2-4.5 ×10−4 | ||
| C4 (b1E-globulin) | 1.3-3.7 ×10−4 | ||
| C4 binding protein | 1.8-3.2 ×10−4 | ||
| C5 (b1F-globulin) | 5.1-7.7 ×10−5 | ||
| C6 | 4.8-6.4 ×10−5 | ||
| C7 | 4.9-7 ×10−5 | ||
| C8 | 4.3-6.3 ×10−5 | ||
| C9 | 4.7-6.9 ×10−5 | ||
| Properdin | 2.4-3.2 ×10−5 | ||
| Compound S | 1-3 ×10−9 | ||
| Copper | 9-15 ×10−7 | ||
| male | 7-14 ×10−7 | ||
| female | 8-15.5 ×10−7 | ||
| Corticosteroids | Steroid hormones | 1-4 ×10−6 | |
| Corticosterone | 4-20 ×10−9 | ||
| Cortisol | Inhibits CRH secretion | 3-23 ×10−8 | |
| 8 AM | 6-23 ×10−8 | ||
| 4 PM | 3-15 ×10−8 | ||
| 10 PM | ~50% of 8 AM value | ||
| C-peptide | fasting | 0.5-2.0 ×10−9 | |
| maximum | 4 ×10−9 | ||
| C-reactive protein | Plasma protein | 6.8-820 ×10−8 | |
| Creatine | Assists muscle cell energy supply | ||
| male | 1.7-5.0 ×10−6 | ||
| female | 3.5-9.3 ×10−6 | ||
| Creatinine | male | 0.8-1.5 ×10−5 | |
| female | 0.7-1.2 ×10−5 | ||
| Cyanide | nonsmokers | 4 ×10−9 | |
| smokers | 6 ×10−9 | ||
| nitroprusside therapy | 10-60 ×10−9 | ||
| toxic | >100 ×10−9 | ||
| lethal | >1000 ×10−9 | ||
| Cysteine | Amino acid | 6-12 ×10−6 | 1.8-5 ×10−5 |
| Dehydroepiandrosterone(DHEA) | Steroid hormone | ||
| aged 1–4 yrs | 0.2-0.4 ×10−9 | ||
| aged 4–8 yrs | 0.1-1.9 ×10−9 | ||
| aged 8–10 yrs | 0.2-2.9 ×10−9 | ||
| aged 10–12 yrs | 0.5-9.2 ×10−9 | ||
| aged 12–14 yrs | 0.9-20 ×10−9 | ||
| aged 14–16 yrs | 2.5-20 ×10−9 | ||
| male | 0.8-10 ×10−9 | ||
| female, premenopausal | 2.0-15 ×10−9 | ||
| DHEA sulfate | male | 1.99-3.34 ×10−6 | |
| female | |||
| newborn | 1.67-3.64 ×10−6 | ||
| pre-pubertal children | 1.0-6.0 ×10−7 | ||
| premenopausal | 8.2-33.8 ×10−7 | ||
| pregnancy | 2.3-11.7 ×10−7 | ||
| postmenopausal | 1.1-6.1 ×10−7 | ||
| 11-Deoxycortisol | 1-7 ×10−8 | ||
| Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) | male | 3-8 ×10−9 | |
| female | 1-10 ×10−10 | ||
| Diphosphoglycerate (phosphate) | 8-16 ×10−5 | ||
| DNA | The molecule of heredity | 0-1.6 ×10−5 | |
| Dopamine | Neurotransmitter | <1.36 ×10−10 | |
| Enzymes, total | <6 ×10−5 | ||
| Epidermal growth factor (EGF) | <1 ×10−11 | ||
| Epinephrine | Neurotransmitter of the sympathetic nervous system | ||
| after 15 min rest | 3.1-9.5 ×10−11 | ||
| when emitted | 3.8 ×10−9 | 2-2.5 ×10−9 | |
| Ergothioneine | 1-20 ×10−5 | ||
| Erythrocytes (#/cm3) | adult male, avg. (range) | 5.2 (4.6-6.2) ×109 | |
| adult female, avg. (range) | 4.6 (4.2-5.4) ×109 | ||
| children, varies with age | 4.5-5.1 ×109 | ||
| reticulocytes | 25-75 ×106 | ||
| Erythropoietin | adult, normal | 0.5-2.5 ×10−10 | |
| pregnant | 2.7-6.2 ×10−10 | ||
| hypoxia or anemia | 0.8-8.0 ×10−8 | ||
| Estradiol (E2) | male | 8-36 ×10−12 | |
| female, follicular(days 1-10) | 1-9 ×10−11 | ||
| female, mean | 5 ×10−11 | ||
| female, pre-fertile (days 10-12) | 10-15 ×10−11 | ||
| female, fertile (days 12-14) | 35-60 ×10−11 | ||
| female, luteal (days 15-28) | 20-40 ×10−11 | ||
| female, pregnancy | 3-70 ×10−7 | ||
| female, postmenopausal | 1-3 ×10−11 | ||
| Estriol (E3) | nonpregnant | <2 ×10−9 | |
| pregnancy, weeks 22-30 | 3-5 ×10−9 | ||
| pregnancy, weeks 32-37 | 6-11 ×10−9 | ||
| pregnancy, weeks 38-41 | 25-170 ×10−9 | ||
| Estrogen | male | 4-11.5 ×10−11 | |
| female, prepubertal | <4 ×10−11 | ||
| female, 1–10 days | 6.1-39.4 ×10−11 | ||
| female, 11–20 days | 12.2-43.7 ×10−11 | ||
| female, 21–30 days | 15.6-35 ×10−11 | ||
| female, postmenopausal | <4 ×10−11 | ||
| Estrone (E1) | male | 2.9-17 ×10−11 | |
| female, follicular | 2-15 ×10−11 | ||
| female, 1–10 days of cycle | 4.3-18 ×10−11 | ||
| female, 11–20 days of cycle | 7.5-19.6 ×10−11 | ||
| female, 20–29 days of cycle | 13.1-20.1 ×10−11 | ||
| pregnancy, weeks 22-30 | 3-5 ×10−9 | ||
| pregnancy, weeks 32-37 | 5-6 ×10−9 | ||
| pregnancy, weeks 38-41 | 7-10 ×10−9 | ||
| Ethanol | social high | 0.5 ×10−3 | |
| reduced coordination | 0.8 ×10−3 | ||
| depression of CNS | >1 ×10−3 | ||
| confusion, falling down | 2.0 ×10−3 | ||
| loss of consciousness | 3.0 ×10−3 | ||
| coma, death | >4 ×10−3 | ||
| Fatty acids | nonesterified (free) | 8-25 ×10−5 | |
| esterified | 2.5-3.9 ×10−3 | 7-20 ×10−5 | |
| total | 1.9-4.5 ×10−3 | ||
| Ferritin | male | 1.5-30 ×10−8 | |
| female | 0.9-18 ×10−8 | ||
| alpha-1-Fetoprotein | 0-2 ×10−8 | ||
| Flavin adenine dinucleotide | 8-12 ×10−8 | ||
| Fluoride | 1-4.5 ×10−7 | 1-4.5 ×10−7 | |
| Folate | 2.2-17.3 ×10−9 | ||
| in erythrocyte | 1.67-7.07 ×10−7 | ||
| Folic acid | 2.3-5.2 ×10−8 | 1.6-2 ×10−8 | |
| Fructose | 0-5 ×10−5 | 7-8 ×10−5 | |
| Furosemide glucuronide | 1-400 ×10−6 | ||
| Galactose | children | <2 ×10−4 | |
| Gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP) | <1.25-4.0 ×10−10 | ||
| Gastrin | mean | 7 ×10−11 | |
| maximum | <20 ×10−11 | ||
| Globulin | total 2.2-4 ×10−2 | ||
| alpha-1-Globulin | 1-4 ×10−3 | ||
| alpha-2-Globulin | 4-10 ×10−3 | ||
| beta globulin | 5-12 ×10−3 | ||
| gamma globulin | 6-17 ×10−3 | ||
| Glucagon | range | 5-15 ×10−11 | |
| mean | 7.1-7.9 ×10−11 | ||
| Glucosamine | fetus | 4-6 ×10−4 | 4.2-5.5 ×10−4 |
| child | 5-7 ×10−4 | 5.2-6.9 ×10−4 | |
| adult | 6-8 ×10−4 | 6.1-8.2 ×10−4 | |
| aged | 7-9 ×10−4 | 7.0-8.9 ×10−4 | |
| Glucose | newborn | 2-3 ×10−4 | |
| adult | 6.5-9.5 ×10−4 | 7-10.5 ×10−4 | |
| diabetic | 14-120 ×10−4 | ||
| Glucuronic acid | 4.1-9.3 ×10−5 | 8-11 ×10−6 | |
| Glutamic acid | 2-28 ×10−6 | ||
| Glutamine | 4.6-10.6 ×10−5 | ||
| Glutathione | reduced | 2.5-4.1 ×10−4 | 0 |
| Glycerol | free | 2.9-17.2 ×10−6[2] | |
| Glycine | 1.7-2.3 ×10−5 | 8-54 ×10−6 | |
| Glycogen | 1.2-16.2 ×10−5 | 0 | |
| Glycoprotein, acid | 4-15 ×10−4 | ||
| cGMP | 0.6-4.4 ×10−9 | ||
| Gonadotropin-releasing hormone | 1-80 ×10−12 | ||
| Guanidine | 1.8-2.3 ×10−6 | ||
| Haptoglobin | 3-22 ×10−4 | ||
| Hemoglobin | 1.2-1.75 ×10−1 | 1-4 ×10−5 | |
| newborn | 1.65-1.95 ×10−1 | ||
| children, varies with age | 1.12-1.65 ×10−1 | ||
| adult, male | 1.4-1.8 ×10−1 | ||
| adult, female | 1.2-1.6 ×10−1 | ||
| inside erythrocyte | ~3.3 ×10−1 | ||
| per red blood cell | 27-32 picograms | ||
| Hexosephosphate P | 1.4-5 ×10−5 | 0-2 ×10−6 | |
| Histamine | 6.7-8.6 ×10−8 | ||
| Histidine | 9-17 ×10−6 | 1.1-3.8 ×10−5 | |
| Hydrogen ion(pH 7.4) | 4 ×10−11 | ||
| beta-Hydroxybutyric acid | 1-6 ×10−6 | 1-9 ×10−6 | |
| 17α-Hydroxycorticosteroids | 4-10 ×10−8 | ||
| 17α-Hydroxyprogesterone | male | 20-250 ×10−11 | |
| female, follicular | 20-80 ×10−11 | ||
| female, luteal | 80-300 ×10−11 | ||
| female, postmenopausal | 4-50 ×10−11 | ||
| female, child | 20-140 ×10−11 | ||
| Antibodies | Immunoglobulin A (IgA) | 5-39 ×10−4 | |
| Immunoglobulin D (IgD) | 0.5-8.0 ×10−5 | ||
| Immunoglobulin G (IgG) | 5.0-19 ×10−3 | ||
| Immunoglobulin M (IgM) | 3.0-30 ×10−4 | ||
| Immunoglobulin E (IgE) | <5 ×10−7 | ||
| Indican | 8-50 ×10−7 | ||
| Inositol | 3-7 ×10−6 | ||
| Insulin | 2.0-8.4 ×10−10 | ||
| Insulin-like growth factor | 9.9-50 ×10−8 | ||
| Iodine | total | 2.4-3.2 ×10−8 | 4.5-14.5 ×10−8 |
| Iron | adult | 4-6 ×10−4 | 6-18 ×10−7 |
| Isoleucine | 9-15 ×10−6 | 1.2-4.2 ×10−5 | |
| Ketone bodies | 2.3-10 ×10−6 | 1.5-30 ×10−6 | |
| alpha-Ketonic acids | adult | 1-30 ×10−6 | |
| L-Lactate | arterial | <11.3 ×10−5 | 4.5-14.4 ×10−5 |
| venous | 8.1-15.3 ×10−5 | 4.5-19.8 ×10−5 | |
| Lead | normal | 1-5 ×10−7 | 1-7.8 ×10−8 |
| toxic | >6-10 ×10−7 | ||
| Lecithin | 1.1-1.2 ×10−3 | 1-2.25 ×10−3 | |
| Leptin | 1.2 ×10−8 | ||
| Leucine | 1.4-2 ×10−5 | 1.2-5.2 ×10−5 | |
| Leukocytes (#/cm3) Total: | total, birth | 9.0-30.0 ×106 | |
| total, pediatric | 4.5-15.5 ×106 | ||
| total, adult, range | 4.3-11.0 ×106 | ||
| total, adult, median | 7.0 ×106 | ||
| Neutrophil granulocytes, birth | 6.0-26.0 ×106 | ||
| Neutrophils, pediatric | 1.5-8.5 ×106 | ||
| Neutrophils, adult, range | 1.83-7.25 ×106 | ||
| Neutrophils, adult, median | 3.65 ×106 | ||
| Eosinophil granulocytes birth | 0.4 ×106 | ||
| Eosinophils, pediatric | 0.2-0.3 ×106 | ||
| Eosinophils, adult, range | 0.05-0.7 ×106 | ||
| Eosinophils, adult, median | 0.15 ×106 | ||
| Basophil granulocytes, adult, range | 0.015-0.15 ×106 | ||
| Basophils, adult, median | 0.03 ×106 | ||
| Lymphocytes, birth | 2-11 ×106 | ||
| Lymphocyte, pediatric | 1.5-8.0 ×106 | ||
| Lymphocyte, adult, range | 1.5-4.0 ×106 | ||
| Lymphocyte, adult, median | 2.5 ×106 | ||
| Monocytes, birth, range | 0.4-3.1 ×106 | ||
| Monocytes, birth, median | 1.05 ×106 | ||
| Monocytes, pediatric | 0.4 ×106 | ||
| Monocytes, adult, range | 0.21-1.05 ×106 | ||
| Monocytes, adult, median | 0.43 ×106 | ||
| Phagocytes, birth, range | 6-26 ×106 | ||
| Phagocytes, birth, median | 11 ×106 | ||
| Phagocytes, pediatric, range | 1.5-8.5 ×106 | ||
| Phagocytes, pediatric, median | 4.1 ×106 | ||
| Phagocytes, adult, range | 3.5-9.2 ×106 | ||
| Phagocytes, CD4 cell count | 0.5-1.5 ×106 | ||
| Lipase P | 1.2-1.4 ×10−4 | ||
| Lipids | total | 4.45-6.1 ×10−3 | 4-8.5 ×10−3 |
| Lipoprotein (Sr 12-20) | 1-10 ×10−4 | ||
| Lithium | 1.5-2.5 ×10−8 | ||
| Lysine | 1.3-3 ×10−5 | 2-5.8 ×10−5 | |
| Lysozyme (muramidase) | 1-15 ×10−6 | ||
| alpha 2-macroglobulin | pediatric | 2-7 ×10−3 | |
| male, adult | 0.9-4.0 ×10−3 | ||
| female, adult | 1.2-5.4 ×10−3 | ||
| Magnesium | 3.2-5.5 ×10−5 | 1.8-3.6 ×10−5 | |
| Malic acid | 4.6 ×10−6 | 1-9 ×10−6 | |
| Manganese | 0-2.5 ×10−7 | 0-1.9 ×10−7 | |
| Melatonin | Day | 1.35-1.45 ×10−11 | |
| Night | 6.07-7.13 ×10−11 | ||
| Mercury | normal | <1 ×10−8 | |
| chronic | >20 ×10−8 | ||
| Methemoglobin | 4-6 ×10−4 | ||
| Methionine | 4-6 ×10−6 | 1-15 ×10−6 | |
| Methyl guanidine | 2-3 ×10−6 | ||
| beta-2-microglobulin | 8-24 ×10−7 | ||
| MIP-1a | 2.3 ×10−11 | ||
| MIP-1b | 9 ×10−11 | ||
| Mucopolysaccharides | 1.75-2.25 ×10−3 | ||
| Mucoproteins | 8.65-9.6 ×10−4 | ||
| Nerve growth factor (NGF) | 6-10 ×10−9 | ||
| Niacin | 5-8 ×10−6 | 2-15 ×10−7 | |
| Nitrogen | respiratory gas | 8.2 ×10−6 | 9.7 ×10−6 |
| total, nonrespiratory | 3-3.7 ×10−2 | ||
| Norepinephrine | Neurotransmitter of the sympathetic nervous system | ||
| after 15 min rest | 2.15-4.75 ×10−10 | ||
| when emitted | 8.1 ×10−9 | 8.5 ×10−9 | |
| Nucleotide | total | 3.1-5.2 ×10−4 | |
| Ornithine | 4-14 ×10−6 | ||
| Oxalate | 1-2.4 ×10−6 | ||
| Oxygen (respiratory gas) | arterial | 2.4-3.2 ×10−4 | 3.9 ×10−6 |
| venous | 1.6-2.3 ×10−4 | 1.6 ×10−6 | |
| Oxytocin | male | 2 ×10−12 | |
| female, nonlactating | 2 ×10−12 | ||
| female, pregnant 33-40 wks | 32-48 ×10−12 | ||
| Pancreatic polypeptide | 5-20 ×10−11 | ||
| Pantothenic acid (vitamin B5) | 1.5-4.5 ×10−7 | 6-35 ×10−8 | |
| Para-aminobenzoic acid | 3-4 ×10−8 | ||
| Parathyroid hormone (PTH) | 2-4 ×10−10 | ||
| Pentose | phosphorated | 2-2.3 ×10−5 | |
| Phenol | free | 7-10 ×10−7 | |
| Phenylalanine | 8-12 ×10−6 | 1.1-4 ×10−5 | |
| Phospholipid | 2.25-2.85 ×10−3 | 5-12 ×10−5 | |
| Phosphatase | acid, prostatic | <3 ×10−9 | |
| Phosphorus | inorganic, adult | 2-3.9 ×10−5 | 2.3-4.5 ×10−5 |
| inorganic, children | 4.0-7.0 ×10−5 | ||
| total | 3.5-4.3 ×10−4 | 1-1.5 ×10−4 | |
| Phytanic acid | <3 ×10−6 | ||
| Platelets (#/cm3): | range | 1.4-4.4 ×108 | |
| median | 2.5 ×108 | ||
| Platelet-derived growth factor | 5.0 ×10−8 | ||
| Polysaccharides | total | 7.3-13.1 ×10−4 | |
| Potassium | 1.6-2.4 ×10−3 | 1.4-2.2 ×10−4 | |
| Pregnenolone | 3-20 ×10−10 | ||
| Progesterone (female) | female, follicular | 0.4-0.9 ×10−9 | |
| female, midluteal | 7.7-12.1 ×10−9 | ||
| pregnancy, weeks 16-18 | 30-66 ×10−9 | ||
| pregnancy, weeks 28-30 | 70-126 ×10−9 | ||
| pregnancy, weeks 38-40 | 131-227 ×10−9 | ||
| male | 12-20 ×10−11 | ||
| Proinsulin | fasting | 0.5-5 ×10−10 | |
| mean | 1.42-1.70 ×10−10 | ||
| Prolactin (male) <20 ×10−9 | while awake | 1-7 ×10−9 | |
| during sleep | 9-20 ×10−9 | ||
| Prolactin (female) | follicular | <23 ×10−9 | |
| luteal | 5-40 ×10−9 | ||
| Proline | 1.2-5.7 ×10−5 | ||
| Prostaglandins | PGE | 3.55-4.15 ×10−10 | |
| PGF | 1.26-1.56 ×10−10 | ||
| 15-keto-PGF2a | 5 ×10−10 | ||
| 15-keto-PGE2 | <5 ×10−11 | ||
| Protein | total | 1.9-2.1 ×10−1 | 6.0-8.3 ×10−2 |
| Protoporphyrin | 2.7-6.1 ×10−7 | ||
| Prostate specific antigen | 0-5 ×10−9 | ||
| Pseudoglobulin I | 8-19 ×10−3 | ||
| Pseudoglobulin II | 2-8 ×10−3 | ||
| Purine | total | 9.5-11.5 ×10−5 | |
| Pyrimidine nucleotides | 2.6-4.6 ×10−5 | 2-12 ×10−7 | |
| Pyridoxine (Vitamin B6) | 3.6-90 ×10−9 | ||
| Pyruvic acid | 3-10 ×10−6 | 3-12 ×10−6 | |
| RANTES | 7 ×10−11 | ||
| Relaxin | day <100 preparturition | <2 ×10−9 | |
| day 100 to 2 days preceding | 5-40 ×10−9 | ||
| day preceding parturition | 100-200 ×10−9 | ||
| day following parturition | <2 ×10−9 | ||
| Retinol (Vitamin A) | 1-8 ×10−7 | ||
| Riboflavin (Vitamin B2) | 1.5-6 ×10−7 | 2.6-3.7 ×10−8 | |
| RNA | 5-8 ×10−4 | 4-6 ×10−5 | |
| Secretin | 2.9-4.5 ×10−11 | ||
| Serine | 3-20 ×10−6 | ||
| Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) | 1.55-1.81 ×10−7 | 0.8-2.1 ×10−7 | |
| Silicon | 1.4-2.95 ×10−6 | 2.2-5.7 ×10−6 | |
| Sodium | 3.1-3.4 ×10−3 | ||
| Solids, total | 2-2.5 ×10−1 | 8-9 ×10−2 | |
| Somatotropin | growth hormone | 4-140 ×10−10 | |
| Sphingomyelin | 1.5-1.85 ×10−3 | 1-4 ×10−4 | |
| Succinic acid | 5 ×10−6 | ||
| Sugar, total | 7-11 ×10−4 | ||
| Sulfates | inorganic | 8-12 ×10−6 | |
| Sulfur | total | 3.8-5 ×10−2 | 3.1-3.8 ×10−2 |
| Taurine | 3-21 ×10−6 | ||
| Testosterone (male) | free | 5.6-10.2 ×10−11 | |
| total | 275-875 ×10−11 | ||
| Testosterone (female) | free | 0.24-0.38 ×10−11 | |
| total | 23-75 ×10−11 | ||
| pregnant | 38-190 ×10−11 | ||
| Thiamine (Vitamin B1) | 3-10 ×10−8 | 1-9 ×10−8 | |
| Thiocyanate | 5-14 ×10−6 | ||
| nonsmoker | 1-4 ×10−6 | ||
| smoker | 3-12 ×10−6 | ||
| Threonine | 1.3-2 ×10−5 | 0.9-3.2 ×10−5 | |
| Thyroglobulin (Tg) | <5 ×10−8 | ||
| Thyroid hormones | 4-8 ×10−8 | ||
| Thyrotropin-releasing hormone | 5-60 ×10−12 | ||
| Thyroxine (FT4) | free | 8-24 ×10−12 | |
| total | 4-12 ×10−8 | ||
| Thyroxine-binding prealbumin | 2.8-3.5 ×10−4 | ||
| Thyroxine-binding globulin | 1.0-3.4 ×10−7 | ||
| Tin | 0-4 ×10−7 | 0-1 ×10−7 | |
| alpha-Tocopherol (Vitamin E) | 5-20 ×10−6 | ||
| Transcortin | male | 1.5-2 ×10−5 | |
| female | 1.6-2.5 ×10−5 | ||
| Transferrin | newborn | 1.3-2.75 ×10−3 | |
| adult | 2.2-4 ×10−3 | ||
| age >60 yrs | 1.8-3.8 ×10−3 | ||
| Triglycerides | 8.5-23.5 ×10−4 | 2.5-30 ×10−4 | |
| Triiodothyronine | free | 2.3-6.6 ×10−12 | |
| total (T3) | 0.75-2.50 ×10−9 | ||
| Tryptophan | 5-10 ×10−6 | 9-30 ×10−6 | |
| Tyrosine | 8-14 ×10−6 | 4-25 ×10−6 | |
| Urea | 2-4 ×10−4 | 1.5-4.7 ×10−4[1] | |
| Uric acid | child | 2.0-6.7 ×10−5[3] | |
| adult, male | 3.4-7.2 ×10−5[1] | ||
| adult, female | 2.4-6.1 ×10−5[1] | ||
| Valine | 2-2.9 ×10−5 | 1.7-4.2 ×10−5 | |
| Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) | 6-16 ×10−12 | ||
| Vasopressin | hydrated | 4.5 ×10−13 | |
| dehydrated | 3.7 ×10−12 | ||
| Zinc | 5-13 ×10−6 | 7-15 ×10−7 | |
References
- "Harmonisation of Reference Intervals" (PDF). Pathology Harmony (UK). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 August 2013. Retrieved 18 May 2018.
- Pecora, P.; Suraci, C. (1980). "Blood Glycerol: Are there normal values?". IRCS Medical Science. 8 (1): 62–63.
- Harkness, R. A.; Nicol, A. D. (December 1969). "Plasma Uric Acid Levels in Children". Archives of Disease in Childhood. 44 (238): 773–778. doi:10.1136/adc.44.238.773. PMC 2020338. PMID 5356987.
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