List of bioluminescent organisms

Bioluminescence is the production of light by living organisms. This list of bioluminescent organisms is organized by the environment, covering terrestrial, marine, and microorganisms.

Omphalotus nidiformis

A bioluminescent mushroom ...

...glowing with the lights off.

Firefly (species unknown) with and without flash.

Foxfire in the fungus Panellus stipticus

Blue ocean glow caused by myriad tiny organisms, such as Noctiluca.

Noctiluca scintillans, a bioluminescent dinoflagellate

Terrestrial animals

certain arthropods
- fireflies
- click beetle specific types (e.g. Pyrophorini, Balgus, Campyloxenus, etc.)
- glow worms
  - railroad worms
- certain mycetophilid flies
- certain centipedes such as Geophilus carpophagus[1]
- certain millipedes such as Motyxia[2]
a terrestrial mollusc (a tropical land snail)
- Quantula striata
annelids

Marine animals

Fish

Invertebrates

Artist's rendering of Antarctic krill

A deep sea species of carnivorous sponge (Cladorhizidae)[4]
Many cnidarians
- Sea pens
  - Renilla reniformis
- coral
- Aequorea victoria, a jellyfish
Certain Ctenophores or "comb jellies"
Some tunicates:
Certain echinoderms (e.g. Ophiurida)
- Amphiura filiformis
- Ophiopsila aranea
- Ophiopsila californica
- Amphipholis squamata
Bioluminescent species are known from the following orders of crustaceans:[10][11][12]
- Seed shrimp (Myodocopa)
- Copepods
- Lophogastrids (Gnathophausia)
- Amphipods
- Krill
- Deacpods (shrimp and prawn)
Two species of chaetognaths
Annelida
- Genus Tomopteris
- Genus Swima
Mollusca
- Certain clams, bivalves
- Certain nudibranchs, sea slugs
- few sea snails, such as Hinea brasiliana
- Certain cephalopods
  - Certain Octopuses
    - Bolitaenidae
  - Vampire squid
    - Sepiolida
  - Many Teuthida (squid)

Freshwater animals

Latia, a genus of four species of freshwater snail

Fungi

Bacteria

Photorhabdus luminescens
- Certain species of the family Vibrionaceae (e.g. Vibrio fischeri, Vibrio harveyi, Photobacterium phosphoreum)
- Certain species of the family Shewanellaceae, (e.g. Shewanella hanedai and Shewanella woodyi)

Other microorganisms

Protists
- Certain Dinoflagellates (e.g. Noctiluca scintillans, Pyrodinium bahamense,[13] Pyrocystis fusiformis [14] and Lingulodinium polyedrum

References

Geophilus carpophagus – a centipede – Family: Geophilidae Archived 14 May 2012 at the Wayback Machine. Plant Press. Retrieved on 20 October 2011.
Myriapods: strange millipedes Archived 2 April 2012 at the Wayback Machine. Herper.com. Retrieved on 20 October 2011.
"Nitric oxide in control of luminescence from hatchetfish (Argyropelecus hemigymnus) photophores". JEB. Journal of Experimental Biology. 25 July 2005.
Bioluminescence in an Undescribed Species of Carnivorous Sponge (Cladorhizidae) From the Deep Sea
Life in the Open Ocean: The Biology of Pelagic Species
Bioluminescent Marine Plankton
The Intrinsic Origin of Bioluminescence in the Ascidian, Clavelina miniata
Ecological substrate in midwater: Doliolula equus, a new mesopelagic tunicate
A putative chordate luciferase from a cosmopolitan tunicate indicates convergent bioluminescence evolution across phyla
Bioluminescence in decapod Crustacea
Bioluminescence: Chemical Principles And Methods
Bioluminescent Marine Plankton
"Gasparich, Sara. The Concentration and Distribution of Bioluminescent Dinoflagellates in Vieques, Puerto Rico" (PDF). 20th Annual Keck Symposium. Retrieved 13 December 2012.
Schiro, Danielle; Eigner, Rachel (2008). "A Knight in Shining Armor". Pyrocystis fusiformis. University of Wisconsin - La Crosse. Archived from the original on 30 January 2015. Retrieved 29 January 2015.

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[1] Geophilus carpophagus – a centipede – Family: Geophilidae Archived 14 May 2012 at the Wayback Machine. Plant Press. Retrieved on 20 October 2011.

[2] Myriapods: strange millipedes Archived 2 April 2012 at the Wayback Machine. Herper.com. Retrieved on 20 October 2011.

[3] "Nitric oxide in control of luminescence from hatchetfish (Argyropelecus hemigymnus) photophores". JEB. Journal of Experimental Biology. 25 July 2005.

[4] Bioluminescence in an Undescribed Species of Carnivorous Sponge (Cladorhizidae) From the Deep Sea

[5] Life in the Open Ocean: The Biology of Pelagic Species

[6] Bioluminescent Marine Plankton

[7] The Intrinsic Origin of Bioluminescence in the Ascidian, Clavelina miniata

[8] Ecological substrate in midwater: Doliolula equus, a new mesopelagic tunicate

[9] A putative chordate luciferase from a cosmopolitan tunicate indicates convergent bioluminescence evolution across phyla

[10] Bioluminescence in decapod Crustacea

[11] Bioluminescence: Chemical Principles And Methods

[12] Bioluminescent Marine Plankton

[Gasparich-13] "Gasparich, Sara. The Concentration and Distribution of Bioluminescent Dinoflagellates in Vieques, Puerto Rico" (PDF). 20th Annual Keck Symposium. Retrieved 13 December 2012.

[14] Schiro, Danielle; Eigner, Rachel (2008). "A Knight in Shining Armor". Pyrocystis fusiformis. University of Wisconsin - La Crosse. Archived from the original on 30 January 2015. Retrieved 29 January 2015.