List of railway routes in Hesse

This is a list of regional rail services operated in Hesse. Rail services in southern Hesse are focussed on the city of Frankfurt and are organised by the Rhein-Main-Verkehrsverbund ("Rhine-Main Transport Association"), while rail services in northern Hesse are focussed on the city of Kassel and are organised by the Nordhessischer Verkehrsverbund ("North Hesse Transport Association").

Southern Hesse (RMV) regional services

The Rhine-Main Transport Association has given unique numbers to its regional railway services in regular operation. Rhine-Main S-Bahn lines have a single digit with an "S" prefix, as is standard in Germany, while the remaining lines have two-digit numbers, preceded by two letters indicating the train class: "RB" (Regionalbahn) and "RE" (Regional-Express). The lines are mainly run to and from Frankfurt as the metropolis of the Rhine-Main region, but there are also a number of connecting lines between the major towns of the whole area.

Line Service name / line
Network
Route KBS Operator Usual rolling stock
RE 2 Main Railway, East Rhine Railway
Rhein-Main-Nahe net
Frankfurt HbfFrankfurt Airport RegionalRüsselsheimMainz Hbf Bingen (Rhein) HbfBoppard HbfKoblenz Hbf 471 DB Regio Mitte Stadler FLIRT
RE 3 Main Railway, Nahe Valley Railway
Southwest diesel net
Frankfurt HbfFrankfurt Airport Regional – Rüsselsheim – Mainz Hbf Bad KreuznachSaarbrücken Hbf 471, 680 Vlexx Alstom Coradia LINT
RE 4 Mainz–Ludwigshafen railway KarlsruheLudwigshafenFrankenthalWormsMainz Hbf 660 DB Regio Mitte 429
RE 5 Frankfurt–Göttingen railway
Kinzigtal-Netz
Frankfurt Hbf – Frankfurt SüdHanau HbfFulda Bad HersfeldBebra 640, 615 DB Regio Mitte Bombardier Traxx P1160 AC1 + double deck coaches

Siemens Vectron (MRCE 193) + double deck coaches

RB 5 Frankfurt–Göttingen railway, Bebra–Baunatal-Guntershausen railway
Nordost-Hessen-Netz
Fulda – Hünfeld – Burghaun Bad HersfeldBebra – Melsungen – Kassel Hbf 610 Stadler Flirt
RE 9 East Rhine Railway, Taunus Railway
Rheingau-Netz
EltvilleNiederwallufWiesbaden-SchiersteinWiesbaden-BiebrichMainz-Kastel – Frankfurt-Höchst – Frankfurt Hbf 466 VIAS Stadler Flirt
HLB Alstom Coradia Continental
RB 10 RheingauLinie
(East Rhine Railway)
Rheingau-Netz
Frankfurt HbfFrankfurt-HöchstMainz-KastelWiesbaden Hbf – Eltville – Rüdesheim – Lorch – Lorchhausen – Koblenz HbfNeuwied 466 VIAS FLIRT
RB 11 Soden Railway
Taunus-Netz
Frankfurt-Höchst – Bad Soden am Taunus 643 HLB LINT 41
RB 12 Königstein Railway
Taunus-Netz
Frankfurt Hbf – Frankfurt-Höchst – Königstein im Taunus 646
RE 13 Donnersberg Railway, Alzey–Mainz railway
Dieselnetz Südwest
(Frankfurt Hbf – Frankfurt Flughafen Regionalbahnhof – Rüsselsheim –) Mainz Hbf AlzeyKirchheimbolanden 471, 680 Vlexx LINT
RE 14 Mainz–Ludwigshafen railway, Taunus Railway Mannheim Hbf – Ludwigshafen (Rhein) – Frankenthal – Worms – Mainz Hbf 660 DB Regio Mitte Stadler Flirt
RB 15 Taunus Railway (High Taunus)
Taunus-Netz
Frankfurt Hbf – Bad HomburgFriedrichsdorfBrandoberndorf 637 HLB LINT 41
Bad Homburg – Friedrichsdorf – Brandoberndorf
RB 16 Friedberg–Friedrichsdorf railway
Netz Wetterau West-Ost
Friedrichsdorf – Friedberg 636 GTW 2/6
RE 20 Main-Lahn Railway
Netz Taunusstrecke
Frankfurt Hbf – Höchst – NiedernhausenLimburg an der Lahn 627 DB Regio Mitte 143 + 3–5 double deck carriages

LINT (only HLB 25678 and 25679)

RB 21 Ländches Railway, Main-Lahn Railway
Taunus-Netz
Wiesbaden Hbf – Niedernhausen (– Limburg an der Lahn) HLB Desiro, GTW 2/6
RB 22 Main-Lahn Railway
Netz Taunusstrecke
Frankfurt Hbf – Höchst – NiedernhausenLimburg an der Lahn DB Regio

HLB

143 + 3–5 double deck carriages

LINT (only HLB 25678 and 25679)

RB 23 Lahntal railway Left Rhein Railway, Eifelquer Railway Limburg an der Lahn – Diez – Bad Ems – Koblenz Hbf – Andernach – Mayen Ost 625 DB Regio Mitte LINT 27/41
RE 24 Lahntal railway
network Lahntal-/Vogelsberg-/Rhönbahn
GießenWetzlarWeilburg HLB Coradia LINT 41
RE 25 Lahntal railway
Dieselnetz Eifel-Westerwald-Sieg
GießenWetzlarWeilburg – Limburg an der Lahn – Koblenz Hbf (– AndernachMayen) DB Regio LINT, TALENT
RB 26 MittelrheinBahn CologneBonnRemagenAndernachKoblenzBingen – Mainz Hbf 470 trans regio 1–2 × 460
Siemens Mireo
RB 29 Lower Westerwald Railway
Dieselnetz Eifel-Westerwald-Sieg
Limburg an der Lahn – Elz Süd MontabaurSiershahn 629 HLB LINT 27/41, GTW 2/6
RE 30 Main-Weser Railway
Main-Weser net
Frankfurt Hbf – Friedberg – Gießen – MarburgNeustadt (Hessen) TreysaKassel Hbf 630, 620 DB Regio Mitte 146 + 6–7 double-deck cars
RB 31 Donnersberg Railway, Alzey–Mainz railway
Dieselnetz Südwest
(Frankfurt Hbf – Frankfurt Airport Regional – Rüsselsheim –) Mainz Hbf – Alzey – Kirchheimbolanden 471, 680 Vlexx LINT
RB 33 Main Railway, Nahe Valley Railway
Dieselnetz Südwest
(Frankfurt Hbf – Frankfurt Airport Regional – Rüsselsheim –) Mainz Hbf Bad Kreuznach – Kirn – Idar-Oberstein
RB 34 Nidder Valley Railway
Niddertal net
Frankfurt Hbf – Bad Vilbel – Nidderau – Glauburg-Stockheim 634 DB Regio Mitte Desiro, 245 + double deck carriages
RB 40 Mittelhessen-Express
Mittelhessen net
Frankfurt Hbf – Friedberg – Butzbach – Gießen – Wetzlar – HerbornDillenburg 630, 445 Talent 2 (weekdays to Gießen together with RB 41)
RB 41 Mittelhessen-Express
Mittelhessen net
Frankfurt Hbf – Friedberg – Butzbach – Gießen – Marburg – CölbeStadtallendorf – Neustadt (Hessen) – Treysa Talent 2 (weekdays to Gießen together with RB 40)
RB 45 Lahntal railway
Vogelsberg Railway
Netz Lahntal-/Vogelsberg-/Rhönbahn
Limburg an der Lahn – Weilburg – Wetzlar – Gießen – GrünbergAlsfeldLauterbach NordFulda 635 HLB LINT 41
RB 46 Gießen–Gelnhausen railway
Wetterau West-Ost net
Gießen – Hungen – Nidda – Glauburg-Stockheim – BüdingenGelnhausen 631 GTW 2/6
RB 47 Friedberg–Mücke railway
Wetterau West-Ost net
Friedberg – Wölfersheim-Södel 632
RB 48 Beienheim–Schotten railway
Niddertal-Netz
Frankfurt Hbf – Friedberg (Hess) – Beienheim – Nidda 632 DB Regio (4×daily)
HLB (1×daily)
DB Regio: Traxx (245) + double-deck cars
HLB: GTW 2/6
Beienheim–Schotten railway
Netz Wetterau West-Ost
Friedberg (Hess) – Beienheim – Nidda HLB GTW 2/6
RB 49 Friedberg-Hanau railway
Mittelhessen net
Gießen – Friedberg – NidderauHanau Hbf 633 DB Regio Mitte
Talent 2
RE 50 Kinzig Valley Railway
Kinzigtal net
Frankfurt Hbf – Offenbach Hbf – Hanau Hbf – WächtersbachSchlüchtern – Fulda 615 DB Regio Mitte 114 + double deck carriages
RB 51 Frankfurt Hbf – Offenbach Hbf – Hanau Hbf – Langenselbold – Gelnhausen – Wächtersbach (at rush hour to Bad Soden-Salmünster)
RB 52 Fulda–Gersfeld railway
Lahntal-/Vogelsberg-/Rhönbahn net
Fulda – Gersfeld (Rhön) 616 HLB LINT 41
RB 53 Flieden–Gemünden railway

Main-Spessart railway, Bamberg–Würzburg railway
Würzburg electric net

Schlüchtern – SterbfritzJossa Gemünden am MainWürzburg HbfSchweinfurt StadtBamberg 801,

800,

810

DB Regio Mitte 440
RE 54 North Main line, Main-Spessart railway
Main-Spessart-Netz
Frankfurt Hbf – Frankfurt South – Frankfurt Ost – Maintal – Hanau Hbf Kahl am MainAschaffenburg Hbf – Gemünden (Main) – Würzburg Hbf – Bamberg 640 DB Regio Bayern Bombardier Twindexx Vario
RE 55 South Main line, Main-Spessart railway
Main-Spessart-Netz
Frankfurt Hbf – Frankfurt South – Offenbach Hbf – Hanau Hbf – Kahl am Main – Aschaffenburg Hbf – Gemünden (Main) – Würzburg Hbf – Bamberg
RB 56 Kahlgrund Railway
Kahlgrund-Netz
Hanau Hbf – Großkrotzenburg – Kahl am Main – AlzenauSchöllkrippen 642 Westfrankenbahn Desiro
RB 58 Frankfurt–Hanau railway, Main-Spessart railway
future Südhessen-Untermain subnet
Rüsselsheim Opelwerk – Frankfurt Airport Fernbf – Frankfurt Hbf – Frankfurt Süd – Maintal – Hanau Hbf – Großkrotzenburg – Kahl am Main – Aschaffenburg Hbf 640 HLB Coradia Continental
RE 59 Frankfurt Airport loop, Main Railway, North Main line, Main-Spessart railway
Main-Spessart-Netz
Frankfurt Airport – Frankfurt Süd – Offenbach Hbf – Hanau Hbf – Kahl am Main – Aschaffenburg Hbf – Gemünden (Main) – Würzburg Hbf – Bamberg
RE 60 Main-Neckar Railway
Main-Neckar net
Frankfurt Hbf – Darmstadt Hbf BensheimHeppenheimWeinheimMannheim Hbf 650 DB Regio Mitte Bombardier Twindexx Vario
RB 61 Dreieich Railway
Dreieich net
Frankfurt Hbf – Dreieich-BuchschlagRödermark - Ober-RodenDieburg 647 Pesa Link
Neu-Isenburg – Dreieich-Buchschlag – Rödermark – Ober-Roden (– Dieburg)
RB 66 Pfungstadt Railway
Odenwald-Netz
Darmstadt Hbf – Darmstadt-Eberstadt – Pfungstadt 650.1 VIAS ITINO
RB 67 Main-Neckar Railway
Main-Neckar-Netz
Frankfurt Hbf – Darmstadt Hbf – Hähnlein-Alsbach – Bensheim – Heppenheim – Weinheim – Neu-Edingen/FriedrichsfeldMannheim Hbf 650 DB Regio Mitte Bombardier Twindexx Vario
RB 68 Frankfurt Hbf – Darmstadt Hbf – Hähnlein-Alsbach – Bensheim – Heppenheim – Weinheim – Neu-Edingen/FriedrichsfeldHeidelberg Hbf
RE 70 Mannheim–Frankfurt railway
Ried-Netz
Frankfurt Hbf – Riedstadt-Goddelau – Gernsheim Biblis – Mannheim Hbf 655 Bombardier Twindexx Vario
RB 75 Rhine-Main Railway
Südhessen-Netz
Wiesbaden Hbf – Mainz Hbf – Groß-Gerau – Darmstadt Hbf – Dieburg – Babenhausen – Aschaffenburg Hbf 651 HLB Coradia Continental
RE 80 Odenwald Railway
Odenwald net
Darmstadt Hbf – Darmstadt NordReinheim – Groß-Umstadt Wiebelsbach – Erbach 641 VIAS ITINO
RB 81 Darmstadt Nord – Reinheim – Groß-Umstadt-Wiebelsbach – Erbach
RB 82 Darmstadt Hbf – Darmstadt Nord – Reinheim – Groß-Umstadt Wiebelsbach – Erbach – Eberbach
RE 85 Frankfurt Hbf – Offenbach Hbf – Hanau Hbf – BabenhausenGroß-Umstadt-Wiebelsbach (– Erbach)
RB 86 Hanau Hbf – Babenhausen – Groß-Umstadt-Wiebelsbach
RB 87 Frankfurt–Göttingen railway, Leinefelde–Treysa railway
Nordost-Hessen-Netz
(Fulda – Hünfeld – Burghaun – Bad Hersfeld –) Bebra – EschwegeGöttingen 610 Cantus Stadler Flirt

Bombardier Talent 2

RB 90 Limburg–Altenkirchen railway Limburg an der Lahn – Hadamar – Wilsenroth WesterburgAltenkirchenAu (Sieg)Siegen 461,

460

HLB LINT 27/41, GTW 2/6
RB 94 Kreuztal–Cölbe railway Marburg (Lahn) – Cölbe – FriedensdorfBiedenkopfWallau (Lahn) Bad Laasphe – Erndtebrück 623 Kurhessenbahn 628
RB 95 Sieg-Dill railway Dillenburg – Haiger – Dillbrecht – Siegen 445 HLB LINT 27/41, GTW 2/6
RB 96 Betzdorf–Haiger railway Dillenburg – Haiger – Allendorf – Burbach – Neunkirchen – Betzdorf (Sieg) 462 GTW 2/6
RE 97
RB 97
Warburg–Sarnau railway, Wabern–Brilon Wald railway, Alme Valley Railway
RegioNetz Kurhessen
Marburg (Lahn) – Cölbe – Wetter – Münchhausen– Frankenberg (Eder) – Vöhl-HerzhausenKorbach HbfBrilon WaldBrilon Stadt[1] 622 Kurhessenbahn Siemens Desiro Classic
RE 98 Main-Sieg-Express Frankfurt Hbf – Friedberg (Hess) – Gießen – Marburg (Lahn) – Treysa – Wabern – Kassel Hbf 630,

620

HLB FLIRT 429 (to Gießen together with RE 99)
RE 99 Main-Sieg-Express Frankfurt Hbf – Friedberg (Hess) – Gießen – Wetzlar – Herborn – Dillenburg – Haiger – Siegen 630,

445

FLIRT 429 (to Gießen together with RE 98)

Rhine-Main S-Bahn

Line Service name / line
Network
Route KBS Operator Usual rolling stock
Taunus Railway, Main-Lahn Railway, Frankfurt City Tunnel, Rodgau Railway
Netz Kleyer
Wiesbaden HbfMainz-KastelHochheimHattersheimFrankfurt-HöchstFrankfurt Hbf (tief)Offenbach OstRödermark-Ober-Roden 645.1, 645.2 DB Regio 430
Main-Lahn Railway, Frankfurt City Tunnel, Rodgau Railway, Offenbach-Bieber–Dietzenbach railway
Netz S2
NiedernhausenHofheim – Frankfurt-Höchst – Frankfurt Hbf (tief) – Offenbach Ost – Dietzenbach 645.2 DB Regio 423
Limes Railway, Frankfurt City Tunnel, Main-Neckar Railway
Netz Gallus
Bad Soden am Taunus – Frankfurt-Rödelheim – Frankfurt West – Frankfurt Hbf (tief) – Frankfurt SouthLangenDarmstadt Hbf 645.3, 650 DB Regio 423
Kronberg Railway, Frankfurt City Tunnel, Main-Neckar Railway
Netz Gallus
Kronberg im Taunus – Frankfurt-Rödelheim – Frankfurt West – Frankfurt Hbf (tief) – Frankfurt South – Langen (– Darmstadt) 645.4, 650 DB Regio 423
Homburg Railway, Frankfurt City Tunnel
Netz Gallus
FriedrichsdorfBad HomburgOberursel – Frankfurt-Rödelheim – Frankfurt West – Frankfurt Hbf (tief) – Frankfurt South 645.5 DB Regio 423
Main-Weser Railway, Frankfurt City Tunnel
Netz Gallus
FriedbergGroß-KarbenBad Vilbel – Frankfurt West – Frankfurt Hbf (tief) – Frankfurt South 645.6 DB Regio 423
Mannheim–Frankfurt railway
Netz Kleyer
Riedstadt-GoddelauGroß-Gerau-DornbergFrankfurt StadionFrankfurt-NiederradFrankfurt Hbf 655 DB Regio 430
Main Railway, Frankfurt City Tunnel, Frankfurt–Hanau (south bank) railway
Netz Kleyer
Wiesbaden Hbf – Mainz Hbf – Mainz-BischofsheimRüsselsheimFrankfurt Airport Regional – Frankfurt Stadion – Frankfurt-Niederrad – Frankfurt Hbf (tief) – Offenbach Ost (– Hanau Hbf) 645.8 DB Regio 430
Taunus Railway, Main Railway, Frankfurt City Tunnel, Frankfurt–Hanau (south bank) railway
Netz Kleyer
Wiesbaden Hbf – Mainz-Kastel – Mainz-Bischofsheim – Rüsselsheim – Frankfurt Flughafen Regionalbahnhof – Frankfurt Stadion – Frankfurt Hbf (tief) – Offenbach Ost – Hanau Hbf 645.9 DB Regio 430

Northern Hesse (NVV) regional services

The following regional services are organised by the Nordhessischer Verkehrsverbund (North Hesse transport association):

Line Route Lines used KBS Operator Frequency (in min)[2] Rolling stock
RE 2 Kassel-WilhelmshöheHann Münden – Witzenhausen Nord – EichenbergLeinefeldeErfurt Hbf Kassel–Göttingen–Hannover
Hann. Münden–Halle
Leinefelde–Gotha
Bebra–Halle
600, 603, 604 DB Regio Südost 120 Siemens Desiro Classic (642)
RB 4 Korbach – Volkmarsen – Wolfhagen – Zierenberg – Kassel-Wilhelmshöhe Warburg–Volkmarsen–Korbach–Sarnau
Volkmarsen–Vellmar-Obervellmar
Vellmar-Obervellmar–Kassel-Wilhelmshöhe
612 Kurhessenbahn 60 Siemens Desiro Classic (642)
RB 5 Kassel Hbf – Kassel-Wilhelmshöhe – Melsungen – Rotenburg an der Fulda – BebraBad HersfeldFulda Kassel–Frankfurt
Baunatal-Guntershausen–Bebra
Frankfurt–Göttingen
610 cantus 60 Stadler Flirt (427/428) Bombardier Talent 2 (442)
RE 5 Kassel Hbf – Kassel-Wilhelmshöhe – Melsungen – Bebra – Bad Hersfeld Kassel–Frankfurt
Baunatal-Guntershausen–Bebra
Frankfurt–Göttingen
610 cantus 60 (Mon–Fri)
120 (Sat + Sun)
Stadler Flirt (427/428)

Bombardier Talent 2 (442)

RB 6 Eisenach – Hörschel – Herleshausen – Gerstungen – Bebra Halle–Eisenach–Bebra 605 cantus 60 (Mon–Fri)
120 (Sat + Sun)
Stadler Flirt (427/428)
RE 9 Kassel-Wilhelmshöhe – Hann. Münden – Witzenhausen Nord – Eichenberg – Leinefelde – NordhausenSangerhausenHalle Hbf Hannover–Göttingen–Kassel
Halle–Hann. Münden
590
600
611
Abellio Rail Mitteldeutschland 120 Bombardier Talent 2 (442, three or five parts)
RE 11 (RRX) Kassel-Wilhelmshöhe Hofgeismar Warburg (Westf) Altenbeken Paderborn Hbf Hamm (Westf) Dortmund Hbf Bochum Hbf Essen Hbf Duisburg Hbf Düsseldorf Hbf Kassel–Warburg
Warburg–Hamm
Hamm–Dortmund
Dortmund–Duisburg
Duisburg–Köln
415.1
415.2
490
National Express 120 (with gaps)
alternating with RE 17
1–2× Siemens Desiro HC (160 km/h)
RE 17 (Sauerland-Express) Kassel-Wilhelmshöhe – Hofgeismar – Warburg (Westf) – Brilon Wald – Arnsberg – FröndenbergSchwerteHagen Hbf Kassel–Warburg
Warburg–Hagen
435 DB Regio NRW 120 (with gaps)
alternating with RE 11
Pesa Link (633)
RE 30 Kassel Hbf – Kassel-Wilhelmshöhe – Wabern – TreysaMarburg (Lahn)GießenFrankfurt (Main) Kassel–Frankfurt 635 DB Regio Mitte 120
Treysa–Frankfurt alternating with RE 98
114 / 146 + 6–7 double-deck coaches
RB 38 Kassel Hbf – Kassel-Wilhelmshöhe – Wabern – Treysa Kassel–Frankfurt 635 Kurhessenbahn Some peak trips Siemens Desiro Classic (642)
RE 39/RB 39 Kassel Hbf – Kassel-Wilhelmshöhe – Wabern – Fritzlar – Bad Wildungen Kassel–Frankfurt
Wabern–Bad Wildungen–Brilon
621 Kurhessenbahn 120 Siemens Desiro Classic (642)
RB 83 GöttingenEichenberg – Witzenhausen Nord – Hann Münden – Kassel Hbf
(joined to RB 87 on Göttingen – Eichenberg section)
Frankfurt–Göttingen
Halle–Hann. Münden
Hannover–Hann. Münden–Kassel
611 Cantus 60

30 (peak)

Stadler Flirt (427/428)
RB 85 Göttingen – Wesertal-Vernawahlshausen  Bodenfelde – Bad Karlshafen Höxter-Ottbergen Altenbeken Paderborn Hbf Göttingen–Bodenfelde
Northeim–Ottbergen
Kreiensen–Altenbeken
355 Süd NordWestBahn 60 (Mon–Fri)

120 (Sat+Sun)

Bombardier Talent (643)
RB 87 Göttingen – Eichenberg – Eschwege – Bebra
(joined to RB 83 on Göttingen – Eichenberg section)
Frankfurt–Göttingen 613 Cantus 60 Stadler Flirt (427/428)
RE 97/RB 97 Marburg (Lahn) – Frankenberg (Eder) – KorbachBrilon WaldBrilon Stadt Wabern–Korbach–Brilon Wald
Volkmarsen–Korbach–Sarnau
622 Kurhessenbahn 60
(Marburg–Frankenberg),
60–120
(Frankenberg–Brilon)
(RE and RB run alternately)
Siemens Desiro Classic (642)
RE 98 Kassel Hbf – Kassel-Wilhelmshöhe – Wabern – Treysa – Marburg (Lahn) – Gießen – Frankfurt (Main) Kassel–Frankfurt 635 Hessische Landesbahn 120
Treysa–Frankfurt alternating with RE 30
Stadler Flirt (429)

RegioTram

The three services of the RegioTram Kassel are operated by the Regionalbahn Kassel GmbH (RBK) with two-system vehicles of the RegioCitadis class from Alstom.

They run (except on public holidays) Monday to Friday and Saturday until late afternoon every 30 minutes and on Saturday evenings, Sundays and public holidays every hour.[3]

Line Route Lines used KBS
RT 1 Holländische Straße – Königsplatz – Rathaus/Fünffensterstraße – Kassel HbfHofgeismar-Hümme Harleshausen Curve
Kassel–Warburg
435
RT 4 Holländische Straße – Königsplatz – Rathaus/Fünffensterstraße – Kassel Hbf – Zierenberg – Wolfhagen
(Zierenberg – Wolfhagen only every 60 min and only Mon-Sat)
Harleshausen Curve
Kassel–Volkmarsen
612
RT 5 Auestadion – Rathaus/Fünffensterstraße – Kassel Hbf – Melsungen Kassel–Frankfurt
Baunatal-Guntershausen–Bebra
610

References

  1. "Fahrplan der neuen Linie R42" (PDF) (in German). Kurhessenbahn. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 September 2015.
  2. "NVV: RegionalExpress und RegionalBahn". Retrieved 8 May 2023.
  3. "NVV: RegioTram" (in German). Retrieved 8 May 2023.
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