Limbo (weapon)
Limbo, or Anti Submarine Mortar Mark 10 (A/S Mk.10), was the final development of the forward-throwing anti-submarine weapon Squid, designed during the Second World War[1] and was developed by the Admiralty Underwater Weapons Establishment in the 1950s.[2]
| Limbo | |
|---|---|
_c1963.jpg.webp) A Limbo mortar on HMNZS Taranaki (F148) | |
| Type | Anti-submarine mortar |
| Place of origin | United Kingdom |
| Service history | |
| In service | 1955–1980s |
| Used by | Royal Navy Royal Australian Navy Royal Canadian Navy Libyan Navy South African Navy |
| Wars | Falklands War |
| Production history | |
| Designer | Admiralty Underwater Weapons Establishment |
| Specifications | |
| Crew | 3 |
| Shell | 400 lb depth charge |
| Calibre | 12 inches (30 cm) |
| Barrels | 3 |
| Effective firing range | 400 yards (366 m) to 1,000 yards (914 m) |
| Warhead | Minol |
| Warhead weight | 94 kilograms (207 lb) |
Detonation mechanism | Proximity and/or time |
Guidance system | Type 170 sonar |
Limbo was installed on the quarterdeck of Royal Navy escort ships from 1955 to the mid-1980s, Australian-built Daring-class destroyer and River-class destroyer escorts. Limbo was widely employed by the Royal Canadian Navy, being incorporated into all destroyer designs from the late 1950s to the early 1970s, including the St. Laurent, Restigouche, Mackenzie, Annapolis and Iroquois classes and the Type 12 President Class frigates built for the South African Navy in the 1960s.
Operation
Limbo was loaded and fired automatically with the crew under cover and was stabilised in pitch and roll. The firing distance of the mortars was controlled by opening gas vents; rounds could be fired from 400 to 1,000 yards (370 to 910 m). The weapon was linked to the sonar system of the ship, firing on command when the target was in range. The rounds were projected so that they fell in a triangular pattern around the target in any direction around the ship.[3][4]
The weapon was used in the 1982 Falklands War and remained in service in the Royal Navy and Commonwealth navies until the 1990s. A surviving system is preserved at Explosion! Museum of Naval Firepower in Gosport, Hampshire.
Sonar control of the A/S Mortar Mk 10
The firing of the Mortar Mk 10 was controlled by the Type 170 (and later the 502) attack sonar from the Sonar Control Room (SCR), which was generally located next to the operations room in the warship. The 170 sonar had three operators who maintained sonar contact with the target and aimed the weapon in bearing, range and depth. Firing was done by means of a pistol grip and trigger mounted to the deckhead.
General characteristics
- Total system weight: 35 tons including 51 projectiles (17 salvos).
References
- British ASW weapons
- Bogart, Charles H. (2010). "An Anti-submarine Weapon: The Limbo Mk NC 10 Mortar". Warship International. XLVII (4): 359–362. ISSN 0043-0374.
- Richardson, Doug (1981). Naval Armament. London; New York: Jane's Publishing. ISBN 0-531-03738-X. OCLC 642104997.
- YouTube showing loading and firing
