Levashovo Memorial Cemetery

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Levashovo Memorial Cemetery

Levashovo Memorial Cemetery (Russian: Левашовское мемориальное кладбище) commemorates the victims of political repression between 1937 and 1954: some were shot, others died in the city's prisons, all were buried here in unmarked graves. Archival evidence suggests that 19,540 bodies lie here, 8,000 of whom were shot or died during the Great Terror. The cemetery is located near the rail station at Levashovo, Saint Petersburg, in an empty area referred to in Russian as the Levashovskaya Pustosh (Russian: Левашовская пустошь), the Levashovo Wasteland.

Bodies dating back to the Terror were first found there in spring 1989 by a Memorial (society) exploration group led by V.T. Muravsky. The FSB, successor to the NKVD and KGB, finally handed the area over to the city council in 1990.[1]

Monuments, memorials and plaques
"Moloch of Totalitarianism"

Many collective memorials to particular ethno-confessional groups[2] have been added in the grounds of the cemetery since 1990 (see "Gallery" below) and the large monument of the "Moloch of Totalitarianism" (sculptors Nina Galitskaia and Vitaly Gambarov) was erected by the entrance in 1996.[3] A memorial to Italians who died in the Soviet Gulag[4] was added to the site (Gallery No. 8) in 2007.

By established tradition, relatives or descendants of the victims also began adding their own personal memorials or plaques. By 2017 more than 1,300 of them (Gallery No. 12) were distributed around the 6.5 hectares of the site. They were symbolic acts of remembrance: the actual location of any particular body was not known and impossible to determine.[5]

Annual events

Various annual events are held at the cemetery.[1] On 25 January or the nearest Sunday in January or February, the "Feast of Russia's New Martyrs and Confessors" is celebrated by the St Petersburg Metropolitan of the Russian Orthodox Church.

In June solemn ceremonies are held in Remembrance of the Victims of Political Repression.

On 30 October each year, the Day of Remembrance of the Victims of Political Repressions, commemorative events are organized at the cemetery by the Memorial society and other NGOs. In 2016 the event was attended by NGOs, city officials, diplomats, foreign delegations, representatives of various ethno-confessional groups and relatives and descendants of the victims.[1]

Buried at Levashovo

Some of those known to have died or been executed in the city's prisons before and after the Second World War are listed below. Nikolai Alekseevich Voznesensky, for instance, was sentenced to death in 1950 as the leader of the so-called Leningrad plot. Others like the writers Livshits and Kornilov, or the German communists Rudolf and Anna Tieke, were victims of the Great Terror (1937–1938).

  • Memorials at Levashovo
  • 1. To Assyrians
    1. To Assyrians
  • 2. To Belarusians
    2. To Belarusians
  • 3. To Orthodox believers
    3. To Orthodox believers
  • 4. Never forget
    4. Never forget
  • 5. To Jews
    5. To Jews
  • 7. Confession
    7. Confession
  • 8. To Italians
    8. To Italians
  • 9. The Bell of Memory
    9. The Bell of Memory
  • 10. To Latvians
    10. To Latvians
  • 11. To Lithuanians
    11. To Lithuanians
  • 12. Private plaques & memorials
    12. Private plaques & memorials
  • 13. To Novgorodians
    13. To Novgorodians
  • 14. To Poles
    14. To Poles
  • 15. To Ukrainians
    15. To Ukrainians
  • 16. To Finns
    16. To Finns
  • 17. To Estonians
    17. To Estonians
  • 18. Energy workers shot by the NKVD
    18. Energy workers shot by the NKVD
  • 19. Funeral ribbons
    19. Funeral ribbons
  • 20. By the entrance to Levashovo
    20. By the entrance to Levashovo
  • 21. To Poles
    21. To Poles
  • 22. To Soviet / Russian Germans
    22. To Soviet / Russian Germans

See also

References
  1. "St Petersburg "Levashovo" [C]* Burials of the executed". mapofmemory.org. September 23, 2014.
  2. Maps of collective and individual memorials at Levashovo (in Russian).
  3. "Levashovo Memorial Cemetery. Map of the Cemetery Showing its Memorials". Archived from the original on July 28, 2007.
  4. Galina Stolyarova Italy’s Gulag Victims Get Memorial The St. Petersburg Times Issue #1285 (51), 3 July 2007
  5. "Левашовская пустошь". Левашовская пустошь.
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