Kwak Hyo-hwan

Kwak Hyo Hwan’s literature focussed on the regions in the north of the Korean Peninsula. He published his research into the “northern consciousness” of modern Korean poets who were born in the northern regions in the early twentieth century, including Kim Dong-hwan, Baek Seok, Yi Yongak, O Chang-hwan, Yu Chi-hwan, and Yi Yuksa, titled Hanguk geundaesiui bukbanguisik (한국 근대시의 북방의식 The Northern Consciousness in Modern Korean Poetry) (2008).[8] He travelled and explored the region, including the Chinese city Dandong, Tibet, Xinjiang, Siberia, and Baykal. Kwak's poetry collections Jidoe eomneun jip (지도에 없는 집 The House Not Found on a Map) (2010), Seulpeumui ppyeodae (슬픔의 뼈대 The Frame of Sorrow) (2014) were created to reflect his experiences.[3]

To Kwak, the concept was not simply geographical regions, as seen in “Baikal saramdeul” (바이칼 사람들 The People of Baykal), the north he described was a warm and hospitable place where human life has been kept in it is original form, before it became has become fragmented and desolate through the modern civilization.

At the same time, the north reminded Kwak of the turbulent history of Korea; the independence movement; forced labor in colonial Korea under the Japanese rule, and the division of the Korean Peninsula, portrayed in “Siberia hoengdanyeolcha 2” (시베리아 횡단열차2 The Trans-Siberian Railroad 2).[9] Kwak explained that the north “is the beginning and the end. Even if you were isolated, oppressed by the powerful, there you could face each other and live in harmony.” When asked why he repeatedly used the imagery of the northern regions, he replied, “Our life is in disharmony, as we wish to return to that peaceful place but are unable to. I wanted to express that.”[10]

Kwak’s fourth poetry collection Neoneun (너는 You Are), published in 2018, was described as adding socio-historical imagination to the issue of the formation of relationship between the self and others, which he had previously explored. In the foreword, it explains: “you” is “the other but also us.” It is “the beginning and the end” and “the unreachable other inside me.” In Neoneun, “you” is expressed in different ways—“you” is Kwak’s father, who left for a port city to look for a job and whom young Kwak waited for endlessly (“Madangeul geonneoda” (마당을 건너다 Crossing the Yard)) or a Koryo-saram youth, who has been wandering through Hamgyeong Province, Primorsky Krai, Moscow, and Seoul to make a living (“Naneun Koryo-saramida” (나는 고려 사람이다 I Am Koryo-saram)).[11] In “2014-nyeon yeoreum, Gwanghwamun gwangjangeseo” (2014년 여름, 광화문광장에서 In Summer 2014 at Gwanghwamun Square), Kwak described his search of the foundation dubbed “you” in this time and age when everyone touted themselves, against the backdrop of the Gwanghwamun Square where protests and rallies are held. Kwak attempts to get in touch with “you,” or everyone else who is not “me.” His poetic work seems to spur interest in “us” as a community rather than the individuals, such as “me” or singular “you.”[12]

• 《인디오 여인》, 민음사, 2006 / Indio yeoin (The Indio Woman), Minumsa, 2006
• 《지도에 없는 집》, 문학과지성사, 2010 / Jidoe eomneun jip (The House Not Found on a Map), Moonji, 2010
• 《슬픔의 뼈대》, 문학과지성사, 2014 / Seulpeumui ppyeodae (The Frame of Sorrow), Moonji, 2014
• 《너는》, 문학과지성사, 2018 / Neoneun (You Are), Moonji, 2018

• 《한국 근대시의 북방의식》, 서정시학, 2008 / Hanguk geundaesiui bukbanguisik (The Northern Consciousness in Modern Korean Poetry), Lyric Poetry (서정시학), 2008

• 《아버지, 그리운 당신》(공편), 서정시학, 2009 / Abeoji, geuriun dangsin (Father, I Miss You) (co-edited), Lyric Poetry, 2009
• 《구보 박태원의 시와 시론》(편), 푸른사상, 2011 / Kubo Park Taewon-ui siwa siron (Poetry and Poetics of Kubo Park Taewon) (edited), Prunsasang, 2011
• 《초판본 이용악 시선》(편), 지식을만드는지식, 2012 / Chopanbon Yi Yong-ak siseon (Selected First-Edition Poems of Yi Yong-ak) (edited), Zmanz Books, 2012
• 《가난한 내가 아름다운 나타샤를 사랑해서》(편), 교보문고, 2012 / Gananhan naega areumdaun Natasha-reul saranghaeseo (The Poor Man That I Am Was in Love With Natasha) (edited), Kyobo Book, 2012
• 《너는 내게 너무 깊이 들어왔다》(편), 교보문고, 2014 / Neoneun naege neomu gipii deureowatda (You Came Too Deep Into My Heart) (edited), Kyobo Book, 2014
• 《이용악 전집》(공편), 소명출판, 2015 / Yi Yong-ak jeonjip (Collected Works of Yi Yong-ak) (co-edited), Somyung Books, 2015
• 《청록집》(편), 교보문고, 2016 / Cheongnokjip (Blue Green Book) (edited), Kyobo Book, 2016
• 《별 헤는 밤》(편), 교보문고, 2017 / Byeol heneun bam (A Starry Night) (edited), Kyobo Book, 2017